DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.113.2023.71-75

The scientific article summarizes the theoretical concepts of a digital twin and classifies its main types in the digital economy. The principles of operation of digital twins are outlined using the example of the production process and modern marketplace.

References: 

1. Gubanova A.V. Digital transformation as a tool for developing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. Creative economy. 2020;6:17-18. (In Russ.).

2. Zhukovskaya I.V., Akaeva V.R., Kuzmin M.S. Current problems of digitalization of companies using the example of the industrial sector. Microeconomics. 2023;4:51-55. (In Russ.).

3. Ragimkhanov A.V. Systematization of scientific approaches to the study of competitiveness of services: from theory to practice / A.V. Ragimkhanov, I.V. Zhukovskaya. Microeconomics. 2022;1:75-78. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.113.2023.76-88

Forecasts are given for 2023–2028 global demand for oil and energy, as well as real GDP growth by region of the world. The linear regression models developed by the authors and graphs of the relationship between the annual growth rate of global GDP and the annual growth rate of global oil and energy demand are presented.

According to the authors, the fight against inflation by the US Federal Reserve and the Central Bank of Europe through raising interest rates leads to a decrease in investment and a decrease in the growth rate of GDP in the US and Europe.

References: 

1. «Prospects for the development of the world economy».  World Bank report dated June 05,2023. URL:  https://www.vsemirnyjbank.org/ru/publication/global- economic-prospects

2. The Central Bank kept the key rate at 7,5%

for the fifth time in a row. KOMMERSANT dated04/28/2023. URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5955429

3. The economy is reaching a plateau. GDP monitoring. KOMMERSANT dated 08/04/2023.

URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/6138316

4. EDB macro forecast 2023–2025: economic growth forecast has been improved for all countries in the region. URL: https://eabr.org/press/releases/makroprognoz-eabr-2023–2025-prognozekonomicheskogo-rosta- uluchshen-dlya-vsekhstran-regiona/

5. IEA «Oil 2023 Analysis and forecast to 2028». June 2023. URL: https://www.iea.org/reports/oil-2023

6. IEA «World Energy Outlook 2022». URL:

https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/830fe099–5530–48f2-a7c1–11f35d510983/WorldEnergyOutlook2022.pdf

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.113.2023.89-94

Efficient use of energy is a prerequisite for economic development. The article identifies the relationship between economic growth and the use of renewable energy sources. The study shows that renewable energy contributes to economic growth for both developing and developed countries.

References: 

1. Armeanu D.S., Joldes C.C., Gherghina S.C., Andrei J.V. (2021). Understanding the Multidimensional Linkages Among Renewable Energy, Pollution, Economic Growth and Urbanization in Contemporary Economies: Quantitative Assessments across Different Income Countries’ Groups. Renew. Sustain. Energ. Rev. 142. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.110818

2. Baniya B., Giurco D., Kelly S. (2021). Green Growth in Nepal and Bangladesh: Empirical Analysis and Future Prospects. Energy Policy 149. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2020.112049

3. Come Zebra E. I., van der Windt H. J., Nhumaio G., Faaij A.P. (2021). A Review of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Mini-Grids for Off-Grid Electrification in Developing Countries. Renew. Sustain. Energ. Rev. 144. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111036

4. Doytch N., Narayan S. (2021). Does Transitioning towards Renewable Energy Accelerate Economic Growth? an Analysis of Sectoral Growth for a Dynamic Panel of Countries. Energy 235. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.121290

5. Jenniches S. (2018). Assessing the Regional Economic Impacts of Renewable Energy Sources — A Literature Review. Renew. Sustain. Energ. Rev. 93 (October), pp. 35–51. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.05.008

6. Ogonowski P. (2021). Application of VMCM, to Assess of Renewable Energy Impact in European Union Countries. Proced. Comput. Sci. 192, pp. 4762–4769. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2021.09.254

7. Shrinkhal R. (2019). «Economics, Technology, and Environmental Protection», in Phytomanagement of Polluted Sites (Amsterdam: Elsevier), pp. 569–580. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-813912-7.00022-3

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.113.2023.95-104

In the modern conditions of globalization of economic and other relations, new challenges and threats are emerging in the world. Against this background, specific threats to the financial sovereignty of Russia have become widespread, due to the economic and legal properties of modern «paper» money and their separation from the objective material basis — from the equivalent commodity, which results in the absence of a standard measure of value. This problem is very acute in not only economics and finance, but also in law, in particular, in the field of criminal law when qualifying criminal acts of an economic orientation and other areas of economic and legal relations.

References: 

1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on 12.12.1993 with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on 07.01.2020). SPS «ConsultantPlus».

2. Federal Law «On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)» dated 07.10.2002 No. 86-FZ, art.4, p.18.2. SPS «ConsultantPlus».

3. Federal Law No. 173-FZ dated 12/10/2003 (as amended on 11.04.2014) «On Currency Regulation and Currency Control» (with amendments. and an additional introduction. effective from 01.01.2015) / Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation, 15.12.2003, N 50, art. 4859.

4. Federal Law No. 390-FZ dated December 28, 2010 «On Security». SPS «ConsultantPlus».

5. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 07.02.2021 No. 400 «On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation». URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru

6. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 05.13.2017 No. 208 «On the Strategy of Economic security of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030» // Official Internet portal of legal information. URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru; NW RF. 2016. No. 1 (Part II). / http://pravo.gov.ru

7. Articles of Agreement / International Monetary Fund. URL: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/aa/rus/index.pdf

8. Anishchenko V.N., Khabibulin A.G., Anishchenko E.V. Investigation of economic crimes. Theoretical and methodological foundations of economic and legal analysis of financial activity: Book. M.: YURAIT, 2018. (In Russ.).

9. Anishchenko E.V. Security of Russia in the context of socio-economic reforms // Financial analytics (scientific, practical and information-analytical collection). 2014, April, No.14(200). (In Russ.).

10. Anishchenko A.V. Russia in the system of global risks // Bulletin of the Academy of Economic Security of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2011;6:103-105. (In Russ.).

11. Molchanov A.V. Anishchenko V.N. et al. Financial security of the country: problems and prospects // Economic security of the financial system: Collection of scientific papers. / Ed. Honored Economist of Russia, Doctor of Economics, Professor A.V. Molchanov. M.: AEB of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2007.

12. Rose K.B. Mechanisms and limits of US influence in the IMF: Analytical review (Series: Socio-economic problems of Western countries). Moscow: INION RAS. The Center of scientific information. research. global. and regional. problems. Otd. Zap. Europe and America. Ed. Semeko G.V., 2013. 98 p. ISBN 978-5-248-00703-5 / https://cyberleninka.ru/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.113.2023.5-13

The main markets under study, which continue to develop actively on mutually beneficial terms, are the markets of the countries of the European-Asian Economic Union (EAEU). Therefore, in the context of the refusal of the European Union (EU) countries from the work of European economic entities on the territory of the Russian Federation, the procurement of natural resources necessary for the needs of energy companies, the relevance of the formation of strategic goals, criteria for their achievement, the implementation of planned plans and specific ongoing activities in full, is an important task of governments in public management systems of all five countries of the union. To achieve the main strategic goal of the EAEU activity – to improve the standard of living of the population of the countries. It is necessary to ensure the joint development of three single markets: labor, goods and finance. The further successful solution of this problem is facilitated by the activities of the Single Customs Union, aimed at the almost unhindered movement of labor and goods within the borders of the Union countries. Such integration of the countries’ trade and economic activities makes it possible to significantly increase the trade turnover between the countries, attract labor resources, first of all, to the Russian Federation. However, there are also unresolved problems. For example, in order to strengthen the production and food integration of countries, it is necessary to introduce additional provisions into the mechanisms for regulating the export movement of goods. In order to carry out mutual attraction of finance in the form of investments on the territory of these countries, a single regulatory space is being created, which should include a standard.

References: 

1. Federal Law «On the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation» dated July 24, 2007 N 209-FZ. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_52144/?ysclid=lnivwtgphd925897838
2. Zhokhova V.V. Social entrepreneurship: essence and concept. News of the Far Eastern Federal University. Economics and Management. 2015;1:85-98. (In Russ.).
3. Zhukovskaya I.V. Specifics of researching the service market using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. Microeconomics. 2020;5:93-98. (In Russ.).
4. Pyatanova V.I. Social responsibility of business and value creation. Microeconomics. 2022;3:57-62. (In Russ.).
5. Ragimkhanov A.V. Systematization of scientific approaches to the study of competitiveness of services: from theory to practice. / A.V. Ragimkhanov, I.V. Zhukovskaya. Microeconomics. 2022;1:75-78. (In Russ.).
6. Tolmachev Yu.M. The role and place of social entrepreneurship in the digital economy of the Russian Federation. Economic Sciences. 2023;5 (222):363-370. (In Russ.).
7. Website of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Republic of Tatarstan. URL: https://mert.tatarstan.ru

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.113.2023.14-28

In the context of the most important legislative acts and strategic planning documents for the development of the education system and digital economy in Russia, the article examines modern problems in the implementation of the national project «Education» and the national program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation». They identified the main contradictions and discrepancies in strategic goals, priorities, objectives and results associated with the dominance of technocratic and liberal market approaches to education management. The strategic guidelines and prospects for the digital transformation of the Russian education system are outlined.

References: 

1. Boronenko T. A., Fedotova V. S. Prerequisites for the digital transformation of the Russian education system. Bulletin of Samara University. History, pedagogy, philology. 2020;26(2):70–78. (In Russ.).

2. Verbitsky A. A. Digital learning: problems, risks and prospects. Electronic scientifi c and journalistic magazine «Homo Cyberus». 2019;1(6):7. (In Russ.).

3. Voinova O. I., Pleshakov V. A. Cyberontological approach in education. Monograph / Ed. V. A. Pleshakova. Norilsk: Norilsk Industrial Institute, 2012. 244 p. (In Russ.).

4. Dneprovskaya N. V. Formation of an innovative

environment in the digital economy. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Economic Sciences: 08.00.05. Place of defense: Russian Economic University named after G. V. Plekhanov. M.: 2020. 356 p. (In Russ.).

5. Ilyin I. A. Abou t education in the future Russia. Collected works. T.2, Book. II. M.: 1993. pp.178–191. (In Russ.).

6. Molchanova E. V. On the pros and cons of digitalization of modern education // Problems of modern pedagogical education. 2019;64(4):133–135. (In Russ.).

7. Ostapenko A. A., Khagurov T. A. Anthropological models of education: from the Image of God to… neognosticism? Bulletin of PSTGU. Series IV: Pedagogy. Psychology. 2012;1(24):80–104. (In Russ.).

8. Starichenko B. E. Digitalization of education: realities and problems. Pedagogical education in Russia. 2020;4:21–23. (In Russ.).

9. Uvarov A. Yu. Education in the world of digital technologies: towards digital transformation. M.: HSE. 2018. 168 p. (In Russ.).

10. Philosophical encyclopedic dictionary. M.: INFRA-M. 1999. 576 p. (In Russ.).

11. Khagurov T. A. Assessing the quality of education: a sociological approach. Pedagogical diagnostics. 2010;3:20–38. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.113.2023.29-47

The issues of the correct application of mathematical statistics in the processing of marketing research results, taking into account the type of data obtained, are considered. The indicators of the trend and the spread of data in the analysis of consumer preferences and perception of market objects (goods/ trademarks/firms) in relation to numeric data (interval-type and stronger) are discussed. Examples of constructing images of market objects based on interval type data are given. The advantages of analyzing interval-type factors constructed in an optimal way in solving the tasks are shown.

References: 

1. Zakuskin S.V. Type data consideration in market objects analysis. Part 1. Building images based on factors of non-numeric types. Microeconomics. 2023;5:23–38. (In Russ.).

2. Orlov A.I. Non-numeric statistic. Moscow: MZ–Press, 2004. 513 p.

3. Zakuskin S.V. Integration of marketing communications based on the analysis of consumer preferences. Russian entrepreneurship. 2018;19(6):1913–1937. (In Russ.).

4. Zakuskin S.V. Analysis of consumer ideals in the image-forming space: problem statement and identification of factors. Microeconomics. 2021;2: 19–31. (In Russ.).

5. Zakuskin S.V. Analysis of consumer ideals in the image-forming space:  building perfect images. Microeconomics. 2021;3:22–31. (In Russ.).

6. Zakuskin S.V. On the question of the legality of applying mathematical and statistical methods to research data of the «wrong» type. Practical marketing. 2022;9:3–23. (In Russ.).

7. Kendall M.G., Stuart A. Distribution theory. Moscow: Science, 1966. 588 p.

8. Zakuskin S.V. Analysis of emotional preferences in the image-forming space. Microeconomics. 2021;4:42–56. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.113.2023.48-54

The content of the concept of «labor quality» in the context of economic modernization is revealed. The main approaches to the study of the economic category «labor force» are analyzed, and the existing experience in forming the definition of the category «labor force quality» is generalized. A review of the main elements that form the concept of «labor quality» is carried out, and an overview of the most significant competencies necessary to ensure the competitiveness of the workforce is given.

References: 

1. Burykhin B.S., Yasinsky D.Yu. The content of the concept of «labor quality». Theoretical Economics. 2018;2 (44):150-160. (In Russ).

2. Doronenko M.V. Study of factors in the formation of digital competencies of the economically active population. Labor Economics. 2021;8(11):1283-1296. (In Russ).

3. Kulebakina O.I. Modern approaches to the study of labor force quality. SibScript. 2013;1 (55):256-260. (In Russ).

4. Larionova N.I., Yuryeva O.V., Burganova L.A. Labor market in the context of digital transformation of the economy. Bulletin of Economics, Law and Sociology. 2022;4:90-97. (In Russ).

5. Pyankova L.A., Zatepyakin O.A. Quality of labor force in modern socio-economic conditions. Bulletin of SibGIU. 2022;4 (42):132-141. (In Russ).

6. Rachek S.V., Chernyshova L.I. Qualitative characteristics of an employee and their influence on the level of his competence. PSE. 2010;3:82-85. (In Russ).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.113.2023.55-70

The organizational and economic aspects of the protection of patent law, industrial property and information databases on the basis of international agreements in modern socio-economic conditions are considered. It is shown that in the modern world, copyright involuntarily is a factor «slowing down» the development of knowledge-intensive industries. In turn, the modern Russian patent system is in dire need of reform – as the popular press, scientists, lawyers, judges and ombudsmen say.

The authors conclude that protecting patents as property rights can improve socially constructive coordination that facilitates the complex process of commercializing innovations, thereby improving both access and competition. On the contrary, avoidance of industrial property may facilitate socially destructive coordination between large players using anti-competitive collusion strategies.

References: 

1. Bachurin A.P., Filatov V.V., Zhenzhebir V.N., Diarov A.A., Gaidarenko L.V. Management of the regulatory framework for the use of trademarks for licensed products. Economic problems. 2010;4-38:10-14. (In Russ.).

2. Digilina O.B., Sazanov S.D., Teslenko I.B. Intellectual property and innovation: theoretical aspect. Quality. Innovation. Education. 2009;10 (53):14-16. (In Russ.).

3. Zhenzhebir V.N., Galitsky Yu.A. Information retrieval in patent research. In: Modern information technologies in education, science and industry. Sat. proceedings of the V International Competition of Scientific and Scientific Methodological Works of the III Competition of the Scientific School Community. Editor and compiler T.V. Piryazeva, 2017. pp. 36-40. (In Russ.).

4. Basic provisions of the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886). URL: https://www.wipo.int/treaties/ru/ip/berne/summary_berne.html

5. Rukina I.M., Filatov V.V. Intellectual capital as an innovative resource of the knowledge economy. University Bulletin. 2012;18:182-193. (In Russ.).

6. Stasyuk K.D., Filatov V.V. International registration of trademarks with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). In the collection: Collection of scientific papers of the International scientific conference dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the birth of prof. A.P. Zhikhareva. Collection of scientific papers. Moscow, 2023. pp. 271-276. (In Russ.).

7. Teslenko I.B., Kovalenko S.Yu., Savelyev I.I., Nauchigin K.M. Intellectual capital and innovative development of the region. Monograph. Vladimir, 2014. 192 p. (In Russ.).

8. Filatov V.V. Conceptual issues of enhancing innovation activity in the Russian Federation. Monograph. Moscow, 2013. 60 p. (In Russ.).

9. Baldwin P. The Copyright Wars: Three Centuries of Trans-Atlantic Battle. Princeton University Press. 2016. p. 15.

10. Companies file infringement suits, Focus on Catalysts. 2010;9:2-3.

11. Himmelstein D.S., Romero A.R., McLaughlin S.R., Tzovaras B.G., Greene C.S. Sci-Hub provides access to nearly all scholarly literature. PeerJ Preprints, 2017.