Digital twin formation technology as a driver for the development of the digital economy

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.113.2023.71-75

The scientific article summarizes the theoretical concepts of a digital twin and classifies its main types in the digital economy. The principles of operation of digital twins are outlined using the example of the production process and modern marketplace.

References: 

1. Gubanova A.V. Digital transformation as a tool for developing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. Creative economy. 2020;6:17-18. (In Russ.).

2. Zhukovskaya I.V., Akaeva V.R., Kuzmin M.S. Current problems of digitalization of companies using the example of the industrial sector. Microeconomics. 2023;4:51-55. (In Russ.).

3. Ragimkhanov A.V. Systematization of scientific approaches to the study of competitiveness of services: from theory to practice / A.V. Ragimkhanov, I.V. Zhukovskaya. Microeconomics. 2022;1:75-78. (In Russ.).

Technological Sovereignty: Solutions at the Macroeconomic and Industry Level

DOI: 10.33917/mic-2.109.2023.19-33

The problem of ensuring technological sovereignty in the Russian economy is considered. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of technological development and assess technological sovereignty at the sectoral and macroeconomic levels of management. The methodology is the theory of technological change, comparative and empirical, structural analysis. The general result of applying these approaches is proposals at the macroeconomic level and for sectoral policy that contribute to increasing the technological independence of the state. Ensuring technological sovereignty comes down not only to the substitution of technology imports, but, more importantly, to the resuscitation of the domestic technological base. Particular emphasis should be placed on overcoming the existing and chronic problems of the technological development of the Russian economy. These include: the pseudo effect of technological dualism, the low sensitivity of manufacturability to investment in new technologies, the low share of the knowledge economy, and the inefficient structure of technological modes. Increasing the rate of accumulation of fixed capital and bringing it to the rate of savings is a false goal, since the structure of the distribution of investments, and not their share, that is, the volume, is important for long-term growth. Measures for financial independence proposed at the macro level will determine the solution of the problem of technological sovereignty, but the proposed recipes are very streamlined, not specific and do not solve the problem of sovereign financial development, since the placement of financial resources in external instruments, the application of the previous targeting policy and the budget rule remain, as well as the monetary policy of curbing growth. These conditions will hinder the solution of the problem of ensuring technological sovereignty in Russia.

References:

1. Glazyev S.Yu. Nanotechnologies as a key factor in the new technological order in the economy / Ed. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences S.Yu. Glazyev and Professor V.V. Kharitonov. M.: Trovant, 2009. 304 p.

2. Lvov D.S., Glaziev S.Yu. Theoretical and applied aspects of STP management. Economics and Mathematical Methods. 1986;5:793–804. (In Russ.).

3. Mensch G. Technological stalemate: innovations overcome depression. M.: Economics, 2001. 211 p.

4. Perez K. Technological revolutions and financial capital. Dynamics of bubbles and periods of prosperity. M.: Delo, 2011. 232 p.

5. Sukharev O.S. Economics of technological development. M.: Finance and statistics, 2008. 480 p.

6. Sukharev O.S. Economics of industry, technology and intellectual firms. M.: Lenand, 2022. 304 p.

7. Antonelli C., Gehringer A. Technological change, rent and income inequalities: A Schumpeterian approach. Technological Forecasting & Social Change. 2017;115:85–98.

8. Breschi S., Malerba F., Orsenigo L. Technological Regimes and Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation. The Economic Journal. 2000;110 (463):388–410.

Digital Platform for Managing Scientific and Technological Development within Economic Cooperation Framework

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.187.2023.56-69

In the circumstances of sanctions-related economic and scientific-technical blockade, the need to build digital mechanisms for managing import substitution processes on the basis of planning and coordinating competencies, similar to the competencies that the USSR State Committee for Science and Technology had, has sharply actualized. It is proposed to use intelligent digital platforms to control the development of science and technology based on the principles of the Soviet information network OGAS and EGSVC projects. The authors of the article substantiate necessity to apply digital information and communication technologies and computing services at various levels of management for innovative agents of any form of ownership through creating and configurating multilayer information-management fields.

References:

1. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. Mirovoe soobshchestvo v usloviyakh sverkhkriticheskoi bifurkatsii [The World Community in the Conditions of Supercritical Bifurcation]. Upravlenie slozhnymi organizatsionnymi i tekhnicheskimi sistemami v usloviyakh sverkhkriticheskikh situatsii: Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. Moskva, MNIIPU, 21–22 aprelya 2022 g. [Management of Complex Organizational and Technical Systems in Conditions of Supercritical Situations: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Moscow, MNIIPU, April 21–22, 2022]. Moscow, INES, 2022, pp. 9–12.

2. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. Rossiya v novoi ekonomicheskoi real’nosti [Russia in a New Economic Reality]. Moscow, Institut ekonomicheskikh strategii, Assotsiatsiya “Analitika”, 2016, 460 p.

3. Grabchak E.P. Importozameshchenie v energetike Rossii v usloviyakh sanktsii [Import Substitution in the Russian Energy Sector in the Context of Sanctions]. Upravlenie slozhnymi organizatsionnymi i tekhnicheskimi sistemami v usloviyakh sverkhkriticheskikh situatsii: Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. Moskva, MNIIPU, 21–22 aprelya 2022 g. [Management of complex organizational and technical systems in conditions of supercritical situations: Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference. Moscow, MNIIPU, April 21–22, 2022]. Moscow, MNIIPU, 2022, pp. 16–18.

4. Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L., Chinaliev V.U., Epishkin I.I. Upravlenie razvitiem slozhnykh nauchno-tekhnicheskikh kompleksov na osnove intellektual’nykh tsifrovykh platform (realizatsiya kompetentsii Goskomiteta SSSR po nauke i tekhnike v usloviyakh tsifrovoi ekonomiki) [Managing the Development of Complex Scientific-technical Systems Based on Intelligent Digital Platforms (Implementation of the Competencies of the USSR State Committee for Science and Technology in Conditions of Digital Economy)]. Moscow, INES, 2023, 504 p.

5. Chinaliev V.U. Razvitie politiki importozameshcheniya v promyshlennosti Rossii [Developing Import Substitution Policy in the Russian industry]. Upravlenie slozhnymi organizatsionnymi i tekhnicheskimi sistemami v usloviyakh sverkhkriticheskikh situatsii: Materialy mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. Moskva, MNIIPU, 21–22 aprelya 2022 g. [Management of Complex Organizational and Technical Systems in Conditions of Supercritical Situations: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Moscow, MNIIPU, April 21–22, 2022]. Moscow, MNIIPU, 2022.S. 50–53.

Formation of a mechanism for strategic management of natural gas consumption by industrial enterprises

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.104.2022.12-20

The work is devoted to the analysis of modern conceptual approaches to the strategic management of natural gas in industrial enterprises. The research was based on a systematic approach, methods of analysis and synthesis of indicators of the economics of natural gas consumption. The analysis showed that at present a number of issues related to the effective management of energy consumption remain unresolved, which affects the quality of the fuel and energy balance of the enterprise. The author proposes a conceptual approach to the strategic management of natural gas consumption, which uses a situational matrix model for planning an energy efficiency strategy for natural gas consumption based on the life cycle of energy efficient technologies.

References:

1. Gumerova G.I. On the concept of the technology life cycle. G. I. Gumerova, E. Sh. Shaimieva. Innovative Economy. 2008;8 (118):71-75.

2. Zavadsky V.V. Economic foundations of technological development. Neb. Naberezhnye Chelny, 1998. 121 p.

3. Tyshkevich K.V. Formation of a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of technological innovations at enterprises. N.-Novgorod, 2003. 158 p.

4. Schwärtzel H. G. Forschung, Technologie, Innovation — dieökonomische Sicht. Klagenfurt, 1998.

5. Kirshina I.A. The concept of situational and strategic planning of natural gas consumption at an industrial enterprise. I.A. Kirshina, V.A. Koksharov. Microeconomics. 2021;6 (101):58-68.

6. Bobryshov A.M. Innovative energy-saving technologies in the electric power industry. Evaluation of efficiency and stimulation of capital investments / A.M. Bobryshov, E. M. Kosmatov, V. Sh. Telyashova; edited by Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor E. E. Ovcharova. Belgorod: Publishing House of BSTU, 2015. 112 p.

7. Favorsky O. GTU – the basis of the future energy of Russia. Engine. 1999;6:26-30.

8. Tumanovsky A.G., Morozov O.V. Reserves of energy and resource saving at small thermal power plants, in boiler houses and heat supply systems // Materials of the V Moscow International Exhibition Dorcomexpo, 2003.

9. Telyashova V.Sh. Methods of evaluating the effectiveness of energy-saving technologies in the production and transmission of energy: dis. Candidate of Economic Sciences. St. Petersburg, 2009. 127 p.

10. Novikova T.V., Erokhina I.V., Khorshev A.A. The scale of implementation of CCGT and GTU in the medium term. Gas turbine technologies / Specialized information and Analytical Journal. 2005;6:6-9.

11. Batenin V.M., Lapir M.A., Maslennikov V.M., Tsoi A.D. Environmentally friendly power generating complexes based on gas turbine superstructures of hot water boilers RTS. Heat supply News. 2002;1 (17):41-46.

12. Batenin V.M., Maslennikov V.M. On some unconventional approaches to the development of a strategy for the development of energy in Russia. Thermal power engineering. 2000;10:9-12.

13. Batenin V.M., Maslennikov V.M. About the strategy of development of Russian energy. Gas turbine technologies. 1999;3:48-62.

Managing the cost of knowledge-based technologies and businesses

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.95.2020.21-29

This scientific article covers the issues of managing the cost of technologies and businesses based on knowledge, which means first of all the ability to assess the cost of such technologies and businesses, and then manage this cost in accordance with the goals defined by the relevant structures. Technologies and businesses based on knowledge belong to the objects of intellectual property.

The authors analyze modern methods of determining the value of property, including intellectual property; identify the peculiarities of assessing the value of a business based on knowledge; determine the features of managing this business; study and systematize the Russian experience of doing business based on knowledge.

Priority Directions of Development of Science, Technologies and Technics in Interests of Defence and State Security

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.171.2020.24-33

The paper presents the results of determining the priority directions of development of science, technologies and technics in interests of defence and state security, based on open sources of information, methods and tools of forecasting of development of science, equipment and technologies used in the formation of promising scientific and technological directions of development of military-industrial complex (defense industry). The authors analyze documents that determine the priorities of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, show the criteria for selecting a list of strategic priority areas for the development of science, technology and technology, and consider the methodology for substantiating promising areas of scientific and technological development of the defense industry. The paper shows that scientific and technical forecasting is an integral part of the formation of policy in the field of defense and security of the state. They are formed in close connection with critical technologies approved by the President of the Russian Federation. The authors reveal in detail the key trends in the development of science, technology and engineering that ensure the formation of the scientific and technological Foundation for the creation of promising samples of VVST

Technology and cost structure of gas pipelines and regulation of profit margins (analytical review)

DOI: 10.33917/mic-2.91.2020.57-66

The necessity of actualization the concepts in part of stomatological practice in a changing economic paradigm is substantiated. A conceptual apparatus has been developed that reflects the role, place and functionality of dental practice in the economy of our country. The semantic load of the specified categories corresponds to the prevailing economic conjuncture and established norms of economic practice. The use of specified categories in professional activities will allow scientists and practitioners to avoid misunderstandings, to achieve mutual understanding regarding the interpretation of organizational, economic, regulatory, medical, dental, and other aspects of the studied type of activity.Right arrangement of content will contribute to the intensive development of dental practice and the solution of priority tasks in terms of its regulation.

Proposals for Promoting Collaboration Between the State and Business in Order to Form the Advanced Development Area Industry 4.0 in the Regions of Russia

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.164.2019.128-134

The article proposes solutions to an urgent challenge: transforming Russian regions into the territories of advanced development taking advantage of technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0. The paper dwells on advantages and problems of introducing the Industry 4.0 technologies, proposals on cooperation of the state and business for introducing technologies of Industry 4.0 at the industrial level and for their promotion among the population.

Challenges of the Future: Artificial Intelligence, Technology, Ethics

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.164.2019.18-29

On April 17, 2019, the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation held an expanded meeting of the expert-discussion club of the Association of Analytical Centers “Analytica” with participation of the RF Civic Chamber Commission on public diplomacy, humanitarian cooperation and maintenance of traditional values. The main purpose of the event was to discuss the challenges of the future and develop constructive proposals on the problems of artificial intelligence, technology and ethics. The keynote speaker was the president of the Global Ethics Foundation, founder and head of the Globethics.net social network, professor at the Basel University (Switzerland) Christoph Stuckelberger

Digital Rospatent: New Business Opportunities

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.163.2019.16-27

On the initiative of the Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) in the “Main areas of activity of the Government of the Russian Federation for the period until 2024”, approved by Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev on September 29, 2018, a separate section was introduced to define a range of tasks covering all aspects of the development of intellectual property, the most important of which is to create a system of public services comfortable
for rightholders.