Financial sovereignty of Russia as an object of knowledge, the basis of which is money and the mechanism of its circulation

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.113.2023.95-104

In the modern conditions of globalization of economic and other relations, new challenges and threats are emerging in the world. Against this background, specific threats to the financial sovereignty of Russia have become widespread, due to the economic and legal properties of modern «paper» money and their separation from the objective material basis from the equivalent commodity, which results in the absence of a standard measure of value. This problem is very acute in not only economics and finance, but also in law, in particular, in the field of criminal law when qualifying criminal acts of an economic orientation and other areas of economic and legal relations.

References: 

1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on 12.12.1993 with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on 07.01.2020). SPS «ConsultantPlus».

2. Federal Law «On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)» dated 07.10.2002 No. 86-FZ, art.4, p.18.2. SPS «ConsultantPlus».

3. Federal Law No. 173-FZ dated 12/10/2003 (as amended on 11.04.2014) «On Currency Regulation and Currency Control» (with amendments. and an additional introduction. effective from 01.01.2015) / Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation, 15.12.2003, N 50, art. 4859.

4. Federal Law No. 390-FZ dated December 28, 2010 «On Security». SPS «ConsultantPlus».

5. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 07.02.2021 No. 400 «On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation». URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru

6. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 05.13.2017 No. 208 «On the Strategy of Economic security of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030» // Official Internet portal of legal information. URL: http://www.pravo.gov.ru; NW RF. 2016. No. 1 (Part II). / http://pravo.gov.ru

7. Articles of Agreement / International Monetary Fund. URL: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/aa/rus/index.pdf

8. Anishchenko V.N., Khabibulin A.G., Anishchenko E.V. Investigation of economic crimes. Theoretical and methodological foundations of economic and legal analysis of financial activity: Book. M.: YURAIT, 2018. (In Russ.).

9. Anishchenko E.V. Security of Russia in the context of socio-economic reforms // Financial analytics (scientific, practical and information-analytical collection). 2014, April, No.14(200). (In Russ.).

10. Anishchenko A.V. Russia in the system of global risks // Bulletin of the Academy of Economic Security of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2011;6:103-105. (In Russ.).

11. Molchanov A.V. Anishchenko V.N. et al. Financial security of the country: problems and prospects // Economic security of the financial system: Collection of scientific papers. / Ed. Honored Economist of Russia, Doctor of Economics, Professor A.V. Molchanov. M.: AEB of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2007.

12. Rose K.B. Mechanisms and limits of US influence in the IMF: Analytical review (Series: Socio-economic problems of Western countries). Moscow: INION RAS. The Center of scientific information. research. global. and regional. problems. Otd. Zap. Europe and America. Ed. Semeko G.V., 2013. 98 p. ISBN 978-5-248-00703-5 / https://cyberleninka.ru/

Historical overview of the holding of special events in the context of ensuring the national security of the state

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.111.2023.94-102

Presents a theoretical overview of the domestic experience of countering threats, replete with various forms of implementation in the form of military operations, counter-terrorism and other special operations that are aimed at strengthening the national security of the country and protecting national, geopolitical, strategic and economic interests from terrorist and other unfriendly threats potential enemy states of our country. The relationship between the conduct of special operations and the introduction of emergency regimes, a state of emergency and a counter-terrorist operation on the territory of Russia is noted. A definition of the concept of «special military operation» is proposed. The role of ensuring economic security as a priority of the national security of the state and the formation of patriotic principles of educating new generations to strengthen the country are determined.

References: 

1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation: approved dated December 12, 1993 No. 343-FKZ; ed. dated 01.07.2020 No. 11-FKZ. SPS ConsultantPlus. Legislation. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/

2. On martial law: Federal constitutional law of 30.01.2002 No. 1-FKZ; ed. dated May 29, 2023. SPS ConsultantPlus. Legislation. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/

3. On the state of emergency: Federal constitutional law of May 30, 2001 No. 3-FKZ; ed. dated March 07, 2016. SPS ConsultantPlus. Legislation. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/

4. On the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies: Federal Law of December 21, 1994 No. 68-FZ; ed. dated April 14, 2023. SPS ConsultantPlus. Legislation. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/

5. On countering terrorism: Federal Law No. 35-FZ of March 6, 2006 (as amended on May 26, 2021). SPS ConsultantPlus. Legislation. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/

6. Polyakov Yu. A. The end of Basmachism / Yu. A. Polyakov, A. I. Chugunov. M .: Nauka. 1976. 184 p. (In Russ.).

7. Gorobets K. Russian «Special Military Operation» and the Language of Empire. Opinio Juris (May 24, 2022). URL: http://opiniojuris.org/2022/05/24/russian-special-military-operation-and-the-language-of-empire

8. Kalmykova M. Study of the Influence of the War in Ukraine on the Russian Language. International Scientific Conference (March 13, 2023; Bratislava). Bratislava: Language and politics. Between linguistics and political science, 2023. URL: https://dspace.library.uvic.ca/bitstream/handle/1828/14840/Maria%20Kalmykova-JCURAposter-2023.pdf

9. Spišiaková M.  Political Euphemisms and Neologisms in Online Media Content: Amid the War in Ukraine / M. Spišiaková, N. Shumeiko. Language and politics. Between linguistics and political science: University of Economics Bratislava, 2022. pp. 372–388. URL: https://conferences.euba.sk/jazykapolitika/www_write/files/2022/spisiakova_shumeiko.pdf

10. The Daily Journal of the United States Government / Executive Order 13405 of June 16, 2006. Blocking Property of Certain Persons Undermining Democratic Processes or Institutions in Belarus. URL: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2006/06/20/06-5592/blocking-property-of-certain-persons-undermining-democratic-processes-or-institutions-in-belarus

Historical features of the development of the forestry industry in the format of ensuring the economic security of the state

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.110.2023.86-92

The article examines the general historical periods of development and transformation of the structure of public administration in the system of national protection of forestry in Russia from the XVII century to the present. The prerequisites for the formation of forest law are outlined, as well as further improvement of forest legislation, in particular, the process of development of criminal responsibility is analyzed. Modern regulatory legal acts regulating the basics of state management of the forest sector of the Russian Federation are presented. The causal relationship in the commission of criminal acts in forestry is highlighted. Based on the factors generating the growth of criminogenicity in the forest industry, the main directions of the state necessary for the prevention of crimes related to illegal logging of forest plantations were given.

References:

 

1. Tikhomirov M.N. The Cathedral Code of 1649 / M.N. Tikhomirov, P.P. Epifanov. Moscow: Publishing house of Moscow. un-ta, 1961. 65 p.

2. Votyakova E.S. The history of the development of Criminal legislation on crimes in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity / E. S. Votyakova // Topical issues of legal sciences: materials of the International Scientific Conference (Chelyabinsk, November 2012). Chelyabinsk: Two Komsomol Members, 2012. pp. 77-79. (In Russ.).

3. Criminal Code of 1903 on state crimes. Russian legislation of the X–XX centuries: in 9 volumes / under the general editorship of O.I. Chistyakov. Vol. IX. Moscow, 1994.

4. The Forest Code of the Russian Federation of 04.12.2006 N 200-FZ (ed. of 02.07.2021) (with amendments and additions, intro. effective from 01.09.2021). –  Access from the legal reference system Consultant-Plus. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_64299

5. Kiseleva L.V. The history of the development of economic crimes in the field of construction as a growing danger of undermining the economic security of the Russian Federation / L. V. Kiseleva, K. A. Zelenkov // Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2010;2 (13):266-268. (In Russ.).

6. Zubkova V.I. The role of criminal punishment in the prevention of crimes // Collection: Criminal correctional law: Materials of the interuniversity scientific and practical conference. Moscow, 2017;12(1):27-30. (In Russ.).

7. Kuzmichev E.P. Volumes of illegal logging of forest plantations in the Russian Federation / Kuzmichev.P., Trushinai.G., Lopatin.V. URL: http://lhi.vniilm.ru /

8. Tolpyshev G.B. Ensuring the economic security of forestry: Monograph / G.V. Tolpyshev, A.G. Svetlakov // M-vo S.-x RF, Perm State Technical University. Perm, 2020. 218 p. (In Russ.).

9. Statistical data of the FKU «GIAC of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia». URL: http://www.mvd.ru

Historical features of the development and formation of cartel conspiracies in Russia and abroad

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.107.2022.81-90

The scientific article analyzes the definitions of the concept of «cartel conspiracy» and examines the historical features of the development of cartels in Russia. International experience is taken into account in relation to the issue of research on the example of the USA and Germany. The authors have formulated their own definition of cartel collusion as a form of association of economic entities based on a number of oral or written agreements, the participants of which, without renouncing financial, industrial and commercial independence, achieve common goals (influence on prices, determination of the course and results of bidding, division of territories or consumers) when interacting with various economic entities (cartel and non-cartel companies, suppliers and customers of goods and services, direct competitors, manufacturers of substitutes, government agencies, etc.).

References:

 

1. Report on the state of competition in the Russian Federation for 2021. Moscow, 2022. 471 p. URL: https://fas.gov.ru/documents/688431

2. Report on the state of competition in the Russian Federation for 2020. Moscow, 2021. 534 p. URL: https://fas.gov.ru/documents/b-n-3609af5f-7476-4122-bb77-d04c49d96ca7

3. Report on the state of competition in the Russian Federation for 2018. Moscow, 2019. 632 p. URL: https://fas.gov.ru/documents/685806

4. Report on the state of competition in the Russian Federation for 2017. Moscow, 2018. 806 p. URL: https://fas.gov.ru/documents/658027

5. Report on the state of competition in the Russian Federation for 2016. Moscow, 2017. 739 p. URL: https://fas.gov.ru/documents/596439

6. Klimenkov I.N. Cartel: a comparative analysis of the approaches of foreign countries and the Russian Federation // Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2019;7:204-207. (In Russ.).

7. Lisitsyn-Svetlanov A.G., Bashlakov-Nikolaev I.V., Zavarukhin V.P. [and etc.]. Cartelization of the Russian economy: the main causes, consequences and ways to eliminate them // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2020;90(10):903-913. (In Russ.).

8. Kalyakina Yu.I. Cartel collusion in the era of a pandemic // Alley of Science. 2021;10 (61):419-422. (In Russ.).

9. Korneva E.D. Cartel collusion and methods of combating it // Modern trends in economics and management: a new look. 2011;12-1:23-28. (In Russ.).

10. Marshall R.C., & Marx L.M. The economics of collusion: Cartels and bidding rings, Mit Press, 2012.

11. Yusupov A.M. Factors stimulating the development of cartels in Russia // Topical issues of modern economic science: Proceedings of the XI International Scientific Conference, Astrakhan, April 21, 2021. Astrakhan: Astrakhan State University, 2021. pp. 228-232. (In Russ.).

12. Tabakaeva M.R., Chaikina K.A. Influence of cartels on the modern economy // Actual problems of aviation and cosmonautics. 2019;3:136-138. (In Russ.).

13. Lapin V.O. In search of effective methods for investigating cartel conspiracies // Society: politics, economics, law. 2022;2:78–83. (In Russ.).

The history of the development and formation of microfinance institutions

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.107.2022.76-80

Currently, the activities of microfinance institutions are widespread all over the world. The article explores the history of the emergence of microfinance organizations, originating from the Middle Ages. The current state of the microfinance market of the Russian Federation is analyzed and its participants are considered. Measures are proposed to improve the quality of services provided by microfinance organizations. The relevance of the article is explained by the need to understand the economic nature of the origin of microfinance transactions against the background of the rapid growth of their number both in Russia and abroad.  

References:

1. Zakhkin A.A. Microfinance in the financial services market: background and world experience // Banking services. 2013;2:8-14. (In Russ).

2. Ulyantseva Zh.A. Microfinance Institute in Russia: Dynamics and Directions of Development / Collection of materials of the International Scientific and Practical Forum «Modern Innovative Directions for the Development of the Activities of Insurance and Financial-Credit Organizations in the Conditions of a Transformational Economy». Kursk: CJSC «Universitetskaya kniga». 2016. pp. 148-152. (In Russ).

3. Microfinance, Bank of Russia. Official website of the Bank of Russia. URL: https://www.cbr.ru/microfinance/

On the issue of collusion in the food market

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.106.2022.110-115

This article provides a detailed analysis of the definitions of the concepts of conversations and identifies its characteristic features. The authors determined that collusion is a secret illegal agreement, which is aimed at limiting competition in order to maximize their own income. Also considered are such forms of manifestation of collusion between the customer, suppliers and competitors as “ramming”, passive participation or refusal to participate in the tender, submission of an uncompetitive proposal, vertical and horizontal collusion. The modern manifestations of collusion with the use of auction robots and measures to counter their use are disclosed. The characteristic signs of collusion between the customer and the supplier of goods that contribute to its identification are identified and presented. It also defines the role of the Federal Antimonopoly Service in countering collusion in the food market.

References:

1. Dahl V. Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language: in 4 volumes. M., 1989-1991. T. 4. (In Russ.).

2. Esipov V.E. Prices and pricing: A textbook for universities. 3rd ed. St. Petersburg: Publishing house «Piter», 1999. 161 p. (In Russ.).

3. Ivanova E.S. Evolution of the development of price collusion: legal and economic aspects // Izvestiya FEFU. Economics and Management. 2019:2;5-21. (In Russ.).

4. Kinev A.Yu. The fight against bid rigging is a way to reduce state costs // Lawyer. 2016:1;14-19. (In Russ.).

5. Kononov S. Tender collusion. How to understand that the auction is fair and not waste time in vain. URL: https://vc.ru/u/889970-cornerstone/306564-tendernye-sgovory-kak-ponyat-chto-torgi-chestnye-i-ne-potratit-vremya-zrya

6. Kutsenko V.E. Price collusion // Innovative science. 2017:1-1:128-130. (In Russ.).

7. Lozovsky L.Sh. Universal business dictionary. / L.Sh. Lozovsky, B.A. Raizberg, A.A. Ratnovsky. M.: INFRA-M, 1999. 640 p. (In Russ.).

8. Malyutina O.A. Bid rigging: legal aspects of counteraction // Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2016:4 (36);122-127. (In Russ.).

9. Raizberg B.A. Modern Economic Dictionary 2nd ed., Corrected. / B.A. Raizberg, L.Sh. Lozovsky, E.B. Starodubtseva. M.: INFRA-M, 1999. 479 p.

10. Smith A. Research on the nature and causes of the wealth of nations; [per. from English. P. Klyukina]. Moscow: Eksmo, 2022. 1056 p.

11. Telkov A.V. Some aspects of the protection of national projects through operational-search activity // Bulletin of the Tula State University. Economic and legal sciences. 2021:3;117-125. (In Russ.).

12. Ushakov D.N. Explanatory Dictionary. URL: https://ushakovdictionary.ru/word.php?wordid=68664

13. Finam Financial Dictionary. URL: https://www.finam.ru/dictionary/wordf00589/

Modern features and contradictions of economic security development in Russia

DOI: 110.33917/mic-2.103.2022.98-103

The article deals with the conceptual provisions of Russia’s economic security. The authors analyzed the existing approaches to the definition of the concept of «economic security». It is concluded that social, technogenic, informational and other processes directly affect the provision of economic security of the state. On the example of the situation in Russia, the main areas are identified, the impact on which with the help of economic instruments can cause significant damage to security in the context of the problems of «economic stability» at the national and regional levels. An assessment of the key threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation is given.

References:

1. On the Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2017 No. 208 // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 2017. No. 20, art. 2902.

2. Afontsev S.A. National economic security: on the way to a theoretical consensus //World Economy and International Relations. 2002;10:30-39. (In Russ.).

3. Kuznetsov D.A., Rudenko D.A. System of indicators for evaluating economic security // National interests: priorities and security. 2015;23:59-68. (In Russ.).

4. Neu C.R. and Wolf Ch. The Economic Dimensions of National Security. Santa Monica: RAND, 2014. 269 p.

Use of economic security tools in public institutions

DOI: 10.33917/mic-2.103.2022.91-97

Economic security is a complex system, since it includes all aspects of management aimed at preventing crises and bankruptcies, as well as other negative phenomena that affect the stability of the state of any economic entity. At the same time, a significant role of economic security belongs to state institutions, which, like commercial ones, conduct their activities in the conditions of instability of the external environment. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the features of economic security in state institutions, examines the tools that ensure it, identifies the areas of security and their impact on the functioning of modern state institutions. It is concluded that public institutions need to effectively build the system under consideration, which includes personnel, financial, resource and information components.

References:

1. Federal Law «On Security» dated December 28, 2010 N 390-FZ (last edition). URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_108546/

2. Kuznetsova E.I. Economic security: textbook and workshop for universities / M.: Yurayt Publishing House, 2018. 294 p. (In Russ.).

3. Sergeev A.A. Economic security of the enterprise. Moscow: Yurait Publishing House, 2019. 273 p. (In Russ.).

4. Bezverkhova E.N. Economic security of the enterprise: essence and factors [Electronic resource] / E.N. Bezverkhova, I.N. Guba, A.K. Kovaleva // Scientific journal of KubSAU. 2018;104(08). URL: https://kubsau.ru

5. Bogomolov V.A. Economic security / V.A. Bogomolov. – 2nd ed., revised. and additional M.: UNITI-DANA, 2018. 188 p. (In Russ.).

6. Goncharenko L.P. Economic security: textbook. allowance / L.V. Goncharenko, F.V. Akulina. – 2nd ed., revised. and additional M.: Yurait Publishing House, 2018. 340 p. (In Russ.).

7. Zhilov A.P. Features of the formation of a system for ensuring economic security in commercial enterprises // Scientific journal «Socio-economic phenomena and processes». 2018;4(060):63-68. (In Russ.).

8. Mantusov V.B. Economic security: textbook / V.B. Mantusov N.D. Eriashvili. 4th ed., revised. and additional M.: Yurait Publishing House, 2017. 567 p. (In Russ.).

9. Stepichnaya O.A. The main function and threats to the economic security of the enterprise / O.A. Stepichnaya, V.V. Chernova, M.A. Kolesnikova // Scientific journal «Socio-economic phenomena and processes». 2017;9(011):113-125. (In Russ.).

On the question of the development of historical features security services in the state

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.102.2022.113-121

The article discusses the history of the development of security services, defines the first forms of implementation of security functions and their evolutionary changes. The authors proposed a definition of the concept of the security services market, identified the dominant elements of the security services market, which include physical, economic, technical protection and information security. Modern problems of organizing the protection of objects are interconnected with the level of legal awareness, legal culture and law-abidingness, which form the mentality of the nation. The structure of the security services market includes departmental and non-departmental security, as well as private security organizations and civil law institutions of insurance and storage. The functioning of the market of security services in foreign countries is due to the desire of the state to reduce the cost of maintaining the police due to the large number of employees of private security structures, leaving behind a monopoly on security.

References:

1. Agafonov D.V. The history of the creation of private security organizations in Russia // Science-2020. 2020;1 (37):45-49. (In Russ.).

2. Alexandrova T.V. Analysis of the features of the activity of private security organizations in the market of security services in the Perm Territory / T.V. Aleksandrova, E.S. Leiberova // Economics and business: theory and practice. 2021;4-1:27-31. (In Russ.).

3. Blyasova, I.Yu. The problem of family education as a factor in the prevention of juvenile delinquency // Man: crime and punishment. 2012; 2:60-64. (In Russ.).

4. Laws of the Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich and the grandson of his tsar Ivan Vasilyevich / ed. K. Kalaidovich, P. Stroev.: Moscow, 1819. URL: https://www.prlib.ru/item/411779

5. History of the Ancient East. Texts and Documents: Textbook. / ed. IN AND. Kuzishchina. – Moscow: Higher School, 2002. P. 167-190. (In Russ.).

6. Monuments of Roman law: Laws of 12 tables. Guyanese Institutions. Digests of Justinian. Moscow: 3ertsalo, 1997. 608 p. (In Russ.).

7. Manual for the study of Russian Truth / ed. M.N. Tikhomirov. Moscow: Moscow University Publishing House, 1953. 192 p. (In Russ.).

8. Russian legislation of the X-XX centuries: In 9 volumes. Volume 1. Legislation of Ancient Russia / ed. V. L. Yanin. Moscow: Legal Literature, 1984. 430 p. (In Russ.).

9. Code of Laws of the XV-XVI centuries / ed. B. D. Grekov. Moscow: Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1952. 619 p. (In Russ.).

10. Reader on the General History of State and Law: In 2 volumes / ed. K. I. Batyr and E. V. Polikarpova. Moscow: Jurist, 1996. T. 1. 391 p. (In Russ.).

Social protests as prerequisites for economic degradation

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.101.2021.83-102

The article examines the relationship between socio-economic indicators characterizing the level of economic security of the state and the growth of protest activity of the population. Based on the socio-historical analysis, a generalizing conclusion is made that the economic downturn, reflecting the cyclical nature of economic processes, naturally affects the decline in the standard of living of the population and thereby produces further impoverishment of the population. Using the example of a historical analogy with pre-revolutionary Russia, the calculation data defining the boundaries of modern poverty are given. In turn, growing economic differentiation and poverty create an arc of social tension and form a favorable environment for the manifestation of social protests.