DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.182.2022.20-31

Artificial intelligence systems (AI) are rapidly becoming a competitive tool, an important factor in improving the efficiency of socioeconomic reproduction, and even an attribute of the development of human civilization, the core of global and national development projects. Comparative assessments of the degree of development of AIS have also become a tool for influencing the economic strategies of states and companies and supporting their implementation. Determining a country’s place in the global “table of ranks” makes it possible not only to clarify its real status in global competition in AIS but also to identify unaccounted for elements to increase the effectiveness of government initiatives in the field of AIS development

Источники:

1. Glava VEF zayavil, chto kovid sleduet rassmatrivat’ kak dolgosrochnyi vyzov dlya chelovechestva [The Head of the WEF Said That Covid Should be Seen as a Long-Term Challenge for Humanity]. TASS, available at: https://tass.ru/obschestvo/13273357.

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5. Kalyaev I.A. Iskusstvennyi intellekt: kamo gryadeshi? [Artificial Intelligence: Whither Goest Thou?]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2019, no 5, pp. 6–15, available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-5.163.2019.6-15.

6. Markoff J. A learning advance in artificial intelligence rivals human abilities. The New York Times, 2015, available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/11/science/an-advance-in-artificial-intelligence-rivals-human-vision-abilities.html.

7. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L., Shkuta A.A. Kitai kak neiroinformatsionnaya megamatritsa: tsifrovye tekhnologii strukturirovaniya kognitivnykh ansamblei poryadka [China as a Neural-Information Megamatrix: Digital Technologies for Structuring Cognitive Ensembles of Order]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2021, no 1, pp. 50–61, available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.175.2021.50-61.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.182.2022.6-19

One of the most promising tools for monitoring and predicting social processes are agent-based models, which are widely used abroad. Their advantage lies in the consideration of the system under study at the level of its individual individuals, which increases the realism of these computer-based assessment methods. In Russia, this direction is also developing, although not so actively. The article discusses the dynamics of the population of Russia, as well as the factors of increasing the birth rate, successful examples of the practical implementation of agent models for studying social processes, a brief description of the model we developed, which includes 146 million agents, is given. With the help of this tool, a forecast of the population of Russia and an assessment of the impact on this indicator of some measures aimed at improving the demographic situation were obtained.

Источники:

1. Makarov V.L., Bakhtizin A.R., Il’in N.I. Modelirovanie i otsenka natsional’noi sily Rossii [Modeling and Assessing the National Strength of Russia]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2020, no 2, pp. 6–19, available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.168.2020.6-19.

2. Makarov V.L., Bakhtizin A.R., Il’in N.I., Sushko E.D. Natsional’naya bezopasnost’ Rossii [National Security of Russia]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2020, no 5, pp. 6–23, available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-5.171.2020.6-23.

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10. Goldstein J.R., Koulovatianos C., Li J., Schr der C. Evaluating how child allowances and daycare subsidies affect fertility. Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, available at: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-430067.

11. Kalwij A. The impact of family policy expenditure on fertility in western Europe. Demography, 2010, N 47(2), pp. 503–519, available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.0.0104.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.182.2022.5

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.102.2022.113-121

The article discusses the history of the development of security services, defines the first forms of implementation of security functions and their evolutionary changes. The authors proposed a definition of the concept of the security services market, identified the dominant elements of the security services market, which include physical, economic, technical protection and information security. Modern problems of organizing the protection of objects are interconnected with the level of legal awareness, legal culture and law-abidingness, which form the mentality of the nation. The structure of the security services market includes departmental and non-departmental security, as well as private security organizations and civil law institutions of insurance and storage. The functioning of the market of security services in foreign countries is due to the desire of the state to reduce the cost of maintaining the police due to the large number of employees of private security structures, leaving behind a monopoly on security.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.102.2022.105-112

In the article, based on modern ideas about the use of natural resources, the concepts of natural resource potential and an economically demanded resource are formed, a methodological approach to assessing the tax potential for predicting the formation of income of the consolidated budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation from the use of mineral resources is proposed. On the basis of the performed analysis, the subjects of the Russian Federation are identified, the economy of which is determined by the development of the mineral resource complex. The development in the regions of stimulating economic approaches in the field of environmental management and resource conservation is substantiated. Proposals are given to expand the economic independence of the regions of Russia.

References:

1. POTENTIAL – Modern Encyclopedia. URL: dic.academic.ru

2. State report «On the state and use of the mineral resource base of the Russian Federation in 2019». M. Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, 2020. 494 p.

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5. Kryukov V.A. Integral assessment of the effectiveness of subsoil use systems (experience of comparative assessment) / V.A. Kryukov, O.E. Pavlov //Mineral resources of Russia. Economics and Management. 2014;1:34-41. (In Russ.).

6. Petrov O.V. Strategic Directions for Innovative Use of the Mineral Resource Potential of the Russian Subsoil // Mineral Resources of Russia. Economics and Management. 2010;3:37-47. (In Russ.).

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8. Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated September 30, 2008 No. 232 «On approval of the Methodology for determining the starting amount of a one-time payment for the use of subsoil» (with amendments and additions). Access from legal reference system ConsultantPlus.

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10. Melekhin E.S., Karasevich A.M. Methodology for assessing the national wealth of the subsoil. M.: Logos, 2011. 76 p. (In Russ.).

11. Omarov G.Z. Formation of sustainable innovative development of regions based on the rational use of natural resource potential // Microeconomics. 2017. №3. pp. 46-49. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.102.2022.98-104

The article examines the economic benefit from the introduction of information technologies in the oil and gas industry using the example of PJSC Gazpromneft. The advantages of the development of the oil and gas sector through the implementation of IT solutions are considered, and the economic effect of the introduction of information technologies is assessed. The forecast for the implementation of information technologies up to 2030 and up to 2050 has been fulfilled.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.102.2022.91-97

World leaders left Rome and Glasgow without making increased commitments to reduce harmful emissions. Without this, scientists are predicting a climate catastrophe for the planet and humanity in this century. At the Rome summit, it was decided only to reduce coal production in the world after 2030. The success of the Glasgow Summit: promises to stop deforestation after 2030 and reduce methane emissions by 30% by 2030. At the beginning of January 2022, at the initiative of France, the EU President, in 2022, the issue of recognizing nuclear power plants as environmentally friendly (neutral) generation will be considered. In Russia in 2021, the share of nuclear power plants and hydroelectric power plants in the production of environmentally friendly electricity exceeds 40%, and taking into account low-carbon thermal power plants on gas – more than 80%. The main problem of wind and solar power plants is the need for expensive accumulation of electricity due to the unreliability of the weather, which has been deteriorating in recent years, windlessness in Northern Europe and frosts in 2021 in the world. These issues were also discussed in Glasgow.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.102.2022.83-90

The article discusses the possibilities of using a scenario approach in forecasting and budgeting in the practice of corporate governance of PJSC Aeroflot. According to the methodology of the National Corporate Governance Rating in 2018, Aeroflot PJSC has a rating of 7++, which indicates compliance with Russian legislation, taking into account the interests of all interested parties (shareholders, the state, employees, consumers of services). Currently, it is established that in 2020-2021. This aspect of corporate governance in PJSC Aeroflot is not fully implemented and needs to be improved. It can be assumed that precisely because of this, the risk management system of PJSC Aeroflot could not cope with the development of anti-crisis measures in a timely manner. The authors recommend considering pessimistic and optimistic scenarios in detail when drawing up budgets, planning a budget system for each of them, developing measures to reduce risks, and responding quickly to emerging threats. It has been established that the use of a scenario approach in budgeting and corporate governance practices will allow PJSC Aeroflot to consider all possible situations, including unlikely ones, to inform representatives of the Board of Directors about all possible risks in a timely manner, and to develop measures to minimize risk.

References:

1. Alenina E.E., Zyulina V.V., Redin D.V. Priority directions of formation of organizational structures of innovative development of high-tech industries. In the collection: Innovations in business creation and management. Materials of the VIII International Scientific Conference of teachers, staff and Graduate students. 2016. pp. 3-8. (In Russ.).

2. Alenina E.E., Zyulina V.V. Sectoral problems of management of the development of modern Russian engineering. In the collection: Materials of the Scientific and practical conference with international participation «Management in the field of science, education and technological development». 2016. pp. 134-140. (In Russ.).

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7. Gorin D.S. Organizational and methodological aspects of crisis management at machine-building enterprises //Economics and entrepreneurship. 2012;1(24):282-285. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.102.2022.75-82

In the scientific article, within the framework of the study of the terminological definitions of «competitiveness» and «competition», the concept of competitiveness of services is clarified. The classification of scientific schools in the field of management theory based on directive, descriptive and complex approaches is presented. The specific typology of the competitiveness of services in the context of the theoretical formula «personnel – processes – partners – products» is substantiated.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.102.2022.66-74

The purpose of the article is determined by the need to research the raw materials potential and its impact on the growth and development of building organizations. The article determines that the efficiency of raw materials used in the activities of building complex organizations is a reserve for development of the building potential as a kind of economic activity and stimulates particular actions to fulfill the national objective «Comfortable and safe environment for life». The hypothesis is stated that the identification of the potential types for growth and development of building complex organizations as an economic system acquires real meaning only when there is a possibility of adequate measurement of the parameters of growth and development of the economic system. Proposed signs of parameters identification for measuring the growth of the economy of building organizations reflect the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the growth of their economy. The potential types that determine the functioning and development of building organizations have been broadened by supplementing the existing classification with the potential for administrative transformation in the construction industry. Allocation of the potential of administrative transformation into an independent type of the raw materials potential is justified from the perspective of its impact on the entire raw materials potential of the building organization and the existing backgrounds in the construction sector.

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2. Unified plan to achieve the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024 and for the planned period up to 2030 // Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. URL: https://www.economy.gov.ru/material/dokumenty/edinyy_plan_po_dostizheniyu_nacionalnyh_celey_razvitiya_rossiyskoy_federacii_na_period_do_2024_goda_i_na_planovyy_period_do_2030_goda.html

3. Barbarskaya M. N. Resource potential of a construction organization and approaches to its assessment // Traditions and innovations in construction and architecture. Socio-humanities and economic sciences, 2016. pp. 193-196. (In Russ.).

4. Razumei V.Y., Fedoseev I.V. Practical experience of using graphical methods for assessing competitiveness for construction companies // In Situ, 2016;1-2:73-79.

5. Chepachenko N.V., Yudenko M.N., Palicki S. Methodological aspects of research, measurement and evaluation of the development potential of construction organizations // Problems of the socio-economic development of Siberia. 2018;3(33):82-90. (In Russ.).

6. Fedoseev I.V., Vasileva N.V., Salov A.A. Management of innovation and investment activities in housing construction in the region. M.: SPbGehu, 2018, 158 p. (In Russ.).

7. Chepachenko N.V., Yudenko M.N., Goncharova М.S., Sergeeva N.Y. Methodical approach to measurement and evaluating effective activity of construction organizations // Microeconomics.   2019;1:13-19. (In Russ.).