DOI: 10.33917/es-5.191.2023.32-37

The article dwells on the role of Russian culture in the context of global transformations and emerging multipolarity. It is noted that the US line to neutralize cultural differences is utopian.

References:

1. Kartseva A.A. Dialog i vzaimodeistvie kul’tur kak uslovie sokhraneniya stabil’nosti sovremennogo sotsiuma [Dialogue and Interaction of Cultures as the Condition for Maintaining Stability of Modern Society]. Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta, 2014, no 37, available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/vzaimodeystvie-i-dialog-cultur-kak-uslovie-sohraneniya-stabilnosti-sovremennogo-sotsiuma

2. Kontseptsiya gumanitarnoi politiki Rossiiskoi Federatsii za rubezhom [Concept of the Russian Federation’s Humanitarian Holicy Abroad], available at: static.kremlin.ru/media/events/files/ru/G3CkAuMhZXio8AzNaweT3wTGTaEA16OU.pdf

3. Vladimir Putin: Preslovutaya “kul’tura otmeny” prevratilas’ v “otmenu kul’tury” [Vladimir Putin: The Notorious “Cancellation Culture” has Turned into “Cancellation of Culture”] Rossiiskaya gazeta, 2022, Federal’nyi vypusk no 65(8713), available at: https://rg.ru/2022/03/28/vladimir-putin-preslovutaia-kulturaotmeny-prevratilas-v-otmenu-kultury.html

4. Prokof’ev V.I. “Bol’shoi balet vernulsya v Parizh” [“The Bolshoi Ballet has Returned to Paris”]. Rossiiskaya gazeta, 2023, 6 aprelya.

5. Mikhalkov N.S. “Kinoassorti dlya lyubitelei” [“Assorted Cinema for Lovers”]. Vechernyaya Moskva. Ezhednevnyi delovoi vypusk. Weekend, 2023, no 72(29406), 21 aprelya.

6. Vulf Virdzhiniya. Russkaya tochka zreniya [Woolf Virginia. The Russian Point of View], available at: http://www.apropospage.ru/herson/vulf/v7.html

7. Likhachev D.S. Russkaya kul’tura [Russian Culture]. Moscow, Iskusstvo, 2000, 428 p.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.191.2023.38-53

Demographic situation largely determines the strategic prospects of our country in the context of fierce multifactorial competition between various countries of the world and their bilateral and multilateral alliances. The ar ticle examines dynamics of the Russian population trends, individual causes of male excess mor tality, the main factors for increasing the birth rate and also provides a quantitative assessment of the ef fectiveness of some of the above. To assess the consequences an agent-based demographic model of Russia was used and a sof tware package, developed jointly with researchers from China, was applied to make a long-term forecast of our country’s population.

References:

1. Putin zayavil, chto rossiyan dolzhno byt’ bol’she, i oni dolzhny byt’ zdorovy [Putin Said that there Should be More Russians, and they Should be Healthy].TASS, 2022, 9 iyunya, available at: https://tass.ru/obschestvo/14871349

2. Asel’ Gereikhanova. Vladimir Putin poruchil v 2023 godu dobit’sya rosta zarplat, rozhdaemosti i prodolzhitel’nosti zhizni [Vladimir Putin Instructed to Achieve an Increase in Wages, birth Rates and Life Expectancy in 2023]. Rossiiskaya gazeta, 2023, 29 yanvarya, available at: https://rg.ru/2023/01/29/zadachidlia-razvitiia.html

3. Demografiya [Demography]. Rosstat, available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/12781

4. Andreev E. M., Darskii L. E., Khar’kova T. L. Naselenie Sovetskogo Soyuza: 1922–1991 [Population of the Soviet Union: 1922–1991]. Moscow, Nauka, 1993.

5. Rosstat [Website], available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru

6. Makarov V. L., Il’in N. I., Bakhtizin A. R., Khabriev B. R. Natsional’naya sila stran mira: otsenka i prognoz [National Strength of the Countries in the World:

Evaluation and Forecast]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2022, no 6(186), pp. 38–51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-6.186.2022.38-51

7. Vsemirnyi bank [Website], available at: https://data.worldbank.org

8. Uroven’ smertnosti: Sravnitel’naya informatsiya po stranam [Mortality Rates: Comparative Information by Country], available at: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/death-rate/country-comparison

9. Demografiya: Prognoz [Demographics: Forecast], available at: https://www.agents.media/demografia-prognoz

10. Makarov V. L., Nigmatulin R. I., Il’in N. I., Bakhtizin A. R., Sushko E. D., Sidorenko M.Yu. Tsifrovoi dvoinik (iskusstvennoe obshchestvo) sotsial’noekonomicheskoi

sistemy Rossii — platforma dlya eksperimentov v sfere upravleniya demograficheskimi protsessami [The Digital Twin (Artificial Society) of the Socio-Economic System of Russia is a Platform for Experiments in the Field of Managing Demographic Processes]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2022, no

2(182), pp. 6–19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.182.2022.6-19.

11. Chislo rodivshikhsya (bez mertvorozhdennykh) za god [Number of Births (Excluding Stillbirths) per Year]. EMISS. Gosudarstvennaya statistika, available at: https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/31606

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.191.2023.54-63

The Russian economy turned out to be at the forefront of changes occurring in the global economy. Usual paradigms of economic analysis and forecasting are no longer suitable for describing this situation. Macroeconomic indicators in the context of massive redistribution of assets provide an increasingly distor ted picture of the current and strategic advantages of countries and corporations, their economic oppor tunities and risks. The institutional approach, in par ticular the theory of mergers and acquisitions, is becoming more adequate to the present moment. A description of the conflict between Western countries and Russia in its language allows us to see both the mechanisms of transition from its “friendly” absorption in the 1990s to a “hostile” acquisition (essentially, to a raider tak eover in recent years), and new opportunities opening up for Russian economy thanks to a failed at tempt to capture it. Right now, it is impor tant not only to build a policy in order to counter sanctions, but also to formulate new ambitious strategic priorities. This will allow us to tak e advantage of new opportunities in a proper way.

References:

1. Balatskii E.V. Rossiya v epitsentre geopoliticheskoi turbulentnosti: nakoplenie global’nykh protivorechii [Russia in the Epicenter of Geopolitical Turbulence: Accumulation of Global Contradictions]. Ekonomicheskie i sotsial’nye peremeny: fakty, tendentsii, prognoz, 2022, vol. 15, no 4, pp. 42–59, DOI: 10.15838/esc.2022.4.82.3.

2. Doklad Stiglitsa o reforme mezhdunarodnoi valyutno-finansovoi sistemy: uroki global’nogo krizisa [The Stiglitz report Reforming the International Monetary and Financial Systems in the wake of the Global Crisis]. Doklad Komissii finansovykh ekspertov OON. Moscow, Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2012, 324 p.

3. Glaz’ev S.Yu. Poslednyaya mirovaya voina. SShA nachinayut i proigryvayut [The Last World War. USA Starts and Loses]. Moscow, Knizhnyi mir, 2016.

(Kollektsiya Izborskogo kluba.)

4. Yakovets Yu.V. Global’nyi tsivilizatsionnyi krizis — 2020 — start novoi istoricheskoi epokhi: Nauch. doklad. Prilozhenie. Novaya periodizatsiya istorii i budushchego tsivilizatsii, kapitalizma i sotsializma [Global Civilizational Crisis — 2020 — Beginning of a New Historical Era: Scientific Report. Appendix. New Periodization of History and the Future of Civilizations, Capitalism and Socialism]. Moscow, MISK, 2020.

5. Kotlikoff L., Berns S. Pensionnaya sistema pered burei: To, chto nuzhno znat’ kazhdomu o finansovom budushchem svoei strany [The Pension System Before the Storm: What Everyone Needs to Know About Financial Future of the Own Country]. Moscow, Al’pina biznes buks, 2005, 348 p.

6. Shirov A.A., Porfir’ev B.N., Edinak E.A., et al. Potentsial’nye vozmozhnosti rosta rossiiskoi ekonomiki: analiz i prognoz: Nauch. Doklad [Potential for Growth of the Russian Economy: Analysis and Forecast. Scientific Repor t]. Moscow, Artik Print, 2022, 296 p. (Nauchnyi doklad INP RAN), DOI: 10.47711/sr2-2022.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.191.2023.64-71

Current literature propagates the firmly established opinion that sanctions impact will cause a partial degradation of produced and human capital. These losses can be compensated through the structural policy measures and formation of growth drivers.

Since the literature doesn’t provide a single definition of a growth driver, the author puts forward his own version. To implement a successful structural policy, it is necessary to correct the existing mechanism of strategic management, mainly in the field of state programs and national projects management. The development areas of mechanical engineering, IT industry and tourism are considered as growth drivers, since the mentioned areas have the greatest multiplier effect. The author concludes that tourism is the most promising area.

References:

1. Gimpel’son V.E. Chelovecheskii kapital v epokhu sanktsii i kontrsanktsii: nekotorye posledstviya ego pereraspredeleniya [Hum an Capital in the Eraof Sanctions and Counter-sanctions: Some Consequences of its Redistribution]. Zhurnal Novoi ekonomicheskoi assotsiatsii, 2022, no 3(55), pp. 234–238.

2. Prokop’ev A.V. Dolgosrochnye tendentsii ekonomicheskogo rosta v Rossii [Long-term Trends in Economic Growth in Russia]. CYBERLENINKA, available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/dolgosrochnye-tendentsii-ekonomicheskogo-rosta-v-rossii

3. Uroven’ zhizni rossiyan padaet uzhe bolee 10 let [The Standard of Living of Russians has been Falling for More than 10 years]. Dzen, 2022, 18 noyabrya, available at: https://dzen.ru/a/Y3cwaLfI3z1z_b65

4. Glava AKRA otsenil sroki vozvrata ekonomiki k dopandemiinomu urovnyu [The Head of ACRA Assessed the Time Frame for the Economy to Return to Pre-pandemic Levels]. RBK, 2022, 16 dekabrya, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/economics/16/12/2022/639b3ac49a7947630774148c

5. Rinat Tairov. Bloomberg uznal o prognoze “glubokoi retsessii” v Rossii v zakrytom otchete dlya kabmina [Bloomberg Learned about the Forecast of a “Deep Recession” in Russia in a Closed Report for the Cabinet of Ministers]. Forbes, 2022, 5 sentyabrya, available at: https://www.forbes.ru/finansy/476263-

bloomberg-uznal-o-prognoze-glubokoj-recessii-v-rossii-v-zakrytom-otcete-dla-kabmina

6. Simachev Yu., Akindinova N., Yakovlev A., et al. Strukturnye izmeneniya v rossiiskoi ekonomike i strukturnaya politika: Analiticheskii doklad [Structural Changes in the Russian Economy and Structural Policy: Analytical Repor t]. Moscow, NIU VShE, 2018, p. 29.

7. Devid Dias. Osnovnye dvizhushchie sily ekonomicheskogo rosta [What are the Main Drivers of Economic Growth]. University of Sunderland, 2022, 2 noyabrya, available at: https://online.sunderland.ac.uk/the-main-drivers-of-economic-growth

8. Ivanova L.N., Terskaya G.A. Tochki rosta i draivery rosta: k voprosu o soderzhanii ponyatii [Growth Points and Growth Drivers: on the Issue of the Content of Concepts]. Zhurnal institutsional’nykh issledovanii, 2015, vol. 7, no 2, p. 124.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.191.2023.72-77

In the context of growing technological gap between the Russian Federation and developed countries, restrictions on developing scientific research and innovation due to narrowing scientific cooperation opportunities, reduced access to world scientifictechnical achievements and scientific equipment, as well as low demand from public and business sectors of the economy for scientific, scientific-technical and innovative products, the role of strategic management in the sphere of scientific-technological development, aimed at increasing the role of science in reproductive processes, ensuring the optimal choice of priority areas in science, technology and engineering, concentration of existing scientific, technical and innovative potential for their implementation in a short term, is significantly increasing. The present article analyzes the current system of state strategic management of scientific-technological development, gives recommendations for its improvement with a focus on the final result of scientific, scientific-technical and innovative activities by ensuring the integrity and continuity of innovative processes.

References:

1. Nauka. Tekhnologii. Innovatsii: 2023: Kratkii statisticheskii sbornik [Science. Technologies. Innovations: 2023: Brief Statistical Compendium]. Moscow, NIU VShE, 2023, 102 p.

2. Mindeli L.E., Ostapyuk S.F., Fetisov V.P. Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie nauchno-tekhnicheskoi deyatel’nost’yu v Rossii: sostoyanie i perspektivy [State Management of Scientific and Technical Activities in Russia: Current State and Prospects]. Moscow, Institut problem razvitiya nauki RAN, 2018, 108 p.

3. Ostapyuk S.F., Fetisov V.P. O sovershenstvovanii modeli strategicheskogo upravleniya v sfere nauki i tekhnologii [On Improving the Strategic Management Model in the Field of Science and Technology]. Mikroekonomika, 2022, no 6, pp. 5–18.

4. Chereshnev V.A., Todosiichuk A.V. Nauka v Rossii: sostoyanie, problemy, perspektivy razvitiya [Science in Russia: State, Problems, Development Prospects]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, 2022, vol. 92, no 3, pp. 201–212.

5. Todosiichuk A.V. Usloviya i faktory nauchno-tekhnologicheskogo i innovatsionnogo razvitiya ekonomiki [Conditions and Factors of Scientific, Technological and

Innovative Development of the Economy]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi akademii nauk, 2023, vol. 93, no 3, pp. 237–245.

6. Indikatory nauki: 2022: Statisticheskii sbornik [Science Indicators: 2022: Statistical Compendium]. Moscow, NIU VShE, 2022, 400 p.

7. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii. 2022 god [Socio-economic Situation in Russia. 2022]. Moscow, Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoi statistiki, 2022, no 12, 340 p.

8. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii. 2023 god [Socio-economic Situation in Russia. 2023]. Moscow, Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoi statistiki, 2023, no 5, 287 p.

9. Todosiichuk A.V. Upravlenie naukoi v nestatsionarnoi ekonomike [Management of Science in a Non-stationary Economy]. Naukovedcheskie issledovaniya, 2022, no 3, pp. 71–85.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.191.2023.78-93

Analysis of the essence, content and forms of the scenario state of Japan in 2040, reflected in the 11th Scientific and Technical Forecast of NISTEP in 2019, revealed a number of conceptual dialectical contradictions. They narrow down to the question of admissibility and expediency of changing a man’s nature in order to ensure his prosperous, safe, meaningful and happy existence. The author proposes for discussion a conclusion on inevitability of the transhumanization of a mankind on the scale of a single country (Japan) and the whole world, given the nature of the great challenges facing it. The possibility of keeping the historical development in a conditionally humanistic direction is noted, given the emphasis of social reforms in Japan, reflected in the 6th Basic Plan for scientific, technical and innovative development of the country, on building a society for the fullest realization and use of human intellectual potential.

References:

1. The 10th Science and Technology Foresight Scenario Planning from the Viewpoint of Globalization. Summary Report. Science and Technology Foresight Center, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). September, 2015, available at: https://nistep.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/4491

2. Report on the 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan. Council on Science, Technology and Innovation. Cabinet office, Government of Japan, 2015, December 18, available at: https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/kihonkeikaku/5basicplan_en.pdf

3. Toward Realization of the New Economy and Society — Reform of the Economy and Society by Deepening of the “Society 5.0” — Outline. Keidanren (Japan Business Federation), 2016, April 19, available at: https://www.keidanren.or.jp/en/policy/2016/029_outline.pdf

4. Mamed’yarov Z.A. Doroga k “Obshchestvu 5.0” [The Road to Society 5.0]. Ekspert, 2018, no 44, available at: https://expert.ru/expert/2018/44/dorogak-

obschestvu-5_0/?ysclid=llm6l4drah852037971

5. Uemura N.M. “Obshchestvo 5.0” — vzglyad Mitsubishi Electric [Society 5.0: the View of Mitsubishi Electric]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2017, no 4, pp.

122–131, available at: https://www.inesnet.ru/wp-content/mag_archive/2017_04/es2017-04-122-131_Uemura_Noritsugu.pdf

6. Mitsubishi Electric predstavila platformu e-F@ctory rossiiskim kompaniyam [Mitsubishi Electric Presented the e-F@ctory Platform to Russian Companies]. OOO “Mitsubisi Elektrik (RUS)”, 2017, 20 iyulya, available at: https://ru.mitsubishielectric.com/ru/news/releases/local/2017/0720-a/pdf/170720-a_local_ru_ru.pdf

7. Overview of Japan’s Green Transformation (GX). GR Japan, 2023, January, available at: https://grjapan.com/sites/default/files/content/articles/files/

8. Green Transformation (GX). Main points. Tentative translation. Keidanren, 2022, May 17, available at: https://www.keidanren.or.jp/en/policy/2022/043_point.pdf

9. Kostyukova K.S. “Zelenaya” transformatsiya Yaponii i nekotorye kontury novoi energeticheskoi politiki strany [Elektronnyi resurs]. π-Economy, 2022, vol. 15, no 6, pp. 54–70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18721/JE.15604

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.191.2023.94-99

In modern engineering of complex technical systems [1] digital twins and artificial intelligence systems started to be applied, while these subsystems have their own methods and tools for systemic, mathematical and computer modeling. Lack of a normalized approach to combining data from disparate sub-systems into a single system results in a “one-off” assembly methodology or in creation of unique digital models and intelligent systems, which impedes their further transformation into more complex both technical and intelligent systems. In this regard, the search for a standard form of representing such subsystems into a single system becomes relevant, along with the task of developing a methodology for the unified design and production of intelligent systems based on the use of model-oriented system engineering [2, 3, 4]. The work names and systematizes methods and techniques for such developments, demonstrates a standard approach to a normalized platform representation of models of various subsystems, which initially have their own methods and presentation tools; results of a normalized policy for constructing a platform of models from various subsystems for an anthropomorphic robot and spacecraft are described. Within the framework of the presented example, complementary methods of digital multiphysics modeling, digital twins and machine learning are positioned.

References:

1. Romanov A.A. Prikladnoi sistemnyi inzhiniring [Applied Systems Engineering]. Moscow, FIZMATLIT, 2015.

2. Kondrat’ev V.V. Model’no-orientirovannyi sistemnyi inzhiniring 2.0 [Model-Based Systems Engineering 2.0]. Moscow, MFTI, 2021.

3. Garichev S.N., Gorbachev R.A., Davydenko E.V., Dzhaparov B.A., Kondrat’ev V.V. Model’no-orientirovannyi inzhiniring fiziko-tekhnicheskikh, informatsionnykh i intellektual’nykh system [Model-based Engineering of Physical, Technical, Information and Intelligent Systems]. Trudy MFTI, 2022, vol.

14, no 2.

4. Aleshchenko A.S., Klishev O.P., Kondrat’ev V.V., Rasskazov A.A. Sovmeshchenie arkhitekturnykh i matematicheskikh modelei v sistemnom inzhiniringe tekhnicheskikh system [Combination of Architectural and Mathematical Models in System Engineering of Technical Systems]. Kosmonavtika i raketostroenie, 2021, no 5.

5. Potyupkin A.Yu., Chechkin A.V. Iskusstvennyi intellekt. Na baze informatsionno-sistemnoi izbytochnosti [Artificial Intelligence. Based on InformationSystem Redundancy]. Mosc ow, Kurs, 2022.

6. GOST R 57700-37–2021. Komp’yuternye modeli i modelirovanie. Tsifrovye dvoiniki izdeliya. Obshchie polozheniya [GOST R 57700-37–2021. Computer

models and simulation. Digital twins of products. General provisions]. Kodeks. URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200180928

7. Borovkov A.I., Burdakov S.F., Klyavin O.I., et al. Komp’yuternyi inzhiniring [Computer Engineering]. Ucheb. posobie. Saint Petersburg, Izd-vo Politekhn.

un-ta, 2012.

8. Peredovye proizvodstvennye tekhnologii: vozmozhnosti dlya Rossii. Ekspertno-analiticheskii doklad: Monografiya [Advanced Manufacturing Technologies: Opportunities for Russia. Expert Analytical Report: Monograph]. Pod red. A.I. Borovkova. Saint Petersburg, Politekh-Press, 2020.