DOI: 10.33917/es-5.203.2025.44-51

The article examines options for recovery of the Russian economy, its civilizational role in relation to continuit y of the advanced thought and Russian society’s traditions, associated with moral purification, freedom and social justice, universally significant spiritual values, ideals of humanism and patriotism, characteristic of Russian economic life. It is proposed to consider consumer-value relations as an alternative paradigm of socio-economic development, which may well meet the requirements of a sovereign route, focusing on spiritual-moral foundations and values. The author notes that consumervalue relations take into account a historic unique character of the national economic system. Proposed methodological approach can serve as a starting point for the national liberation of modern Russia both from the shackles of capitalist orders and from injustice towards a human being.

References:

1. Dementyev V.V., Scherbakov A.P. Profit and Economic Growth. Terra economicus, 2017, vol. 15, no 3, pp. 75–91.

2. Makarova I.V. Sistema prioritetov razvitiya Rossii [The System of Priorities for the Development of Russia]. Nauchno-analiticheskiy zhurnal “Aktual’nye problemy sotsial’no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossii”, 2014, no 1, pp. 57–60.

3. Dubrovskiy A.V. Razmyshleniya o strukturno-tekhnologicheskikh preobrazovaniyakh i liberal’nykh al’ternativakh ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossii [Reflections on Structural and Technological Transformations and Liberal Alternatives for Economic Development in Russia]. Ekonomika ustoychivogo razvitiya, 2020, no 2(42), pp. 82–87.

4. Lenchuk E.B., Filatov V.I. Rossiyskaya ekonomika: poisk effektivnoy strategii [Russian Economy: Search for an Effective Strategy]. Mir novoy ekonomiki, 2018, pp. 6–21.

5. Putin V.V. Zasedanie diskussionnogo kluba “Valday” [Meeting of the Valdai Discussion Club]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/75521

6. Dubrovskiy A.V. Formirovanie sovremennoy paradigmy ustoychivogo ekonomicheskogo razvitiya [Formation of a Modern Paradigm of Sustainable Economic Development]. Ekonomika i predprinimatel’stvo, 2020, no 3(116), pp. 872–877.

7. Shcherbakov V.N., Dubrovskiy A.V. Diskussionnye problemy tsennosti i stoimosti v otsenke ekonomicheskikh effektov [Controversial Issues of Value and Cost in Assessing Economic Effects]. Vestnik Altayskoy akademii ekonomiki i prava, 2024, no 5-2, pp. 353–357.

8. Pososhkov I.T. Kniga o skudosti i bogatstve [A Book about Pover ty and Wealth]. Moscow, Ekonomicheskaya gazeta, 2011, 415 p.

9. Sorokin D.E. O sposobnosti Rossii k sotsial’noekonomicheskim transformatsiyam [On Russia’s Ability to Undergo Socio-economic Transformations]. Ekonomicheskoe vozrozhdenie Rossii, 2019, no 1(59), pp. 23–28.

10. Amzhrdzhanyants F., Sis’kov V., Gubanov S., Ivanova N. Potrebitel’no-stoimostnaya sistema sotsialisticheskogo khozyaystvovaniya i obespecheniya kachestva produktsii [Consumer-cost System of Socialist Management and Quality Assurance of Products]. Moscow, Izd-vo standartov, 1990, 240 p.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.203.2025.110-115

The present article examines a potential of the artel model of labour organization in modern Russia as a tool for enhancing entrepreneurial activity. It analyzes the historical experience of ar tels, their key features, operating principles and socioeconomic role. A comparative analysis of the ar tel model and modern forms of entrepreneurship is provided, identifying their advantages and disadvantages. The author proposes an innovative concept, “Ar tel 2.0”, adapted to economic, technological and social realities of the 21st century. Practical aspects of its implementation are examined, including changes in legislation, public policy and education system. Par ticular attention is paid to analysis of potential barriers and ways to overcome them. The author substantiates a thesis that the ar tel form of organization is more organic for a significant part of Russian society, taking into account its cultural characteristics and mentalit y. Potential social effects of introducing the cooperative model, such as increased employment and improved qualit y of life in small towns and rural areas, are explored.

References:

1. Gref nazval stydnoy dolyu malogo i srednego biznesa v VVP Rossii [Gref Called the Share of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in Russia’s GDPShameful]. Mediakholding RBK, 2023, 26 maya, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/finances/26/05/2023/647076fa9a7947b349dae983

2. Gramlikh T. Kooperatsiya kak stil’ zhizni: opyt organizatsii kooperativnoy deyatel’nosti v Germanii [Cooperation As a Way of Life: Experience of Organizing Cooperative Activities in Germany]. Agroinvestor, 2017, 23 yanvarya, available at: https://www.agroinvestor.ru/regions/article/25637-kooperatsiya-kak-stilzhizni-opyt-organizatsii-kooperativnoy-deyatelnosti-v-germanii/

3. Astakhova A. Ekonomika bol’shoy arteli: Interv’yu s N. Sluchevskim [The Economy of a Large Artel: An Interview with N. Sluchevsky]. Pryamye investitsii, 2012, no 9(125), available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/aktualnaya-tema-ekonomika-bolshoy-arteli

4. Klyuchko V.N. Russkie arteli: zabytyy opyt ili mekhanizm razvitiya proizvodstvennoy demokratii? [Elektronnyy resurs]. Menedzhment v Rossii i zarubezhom, 2014, no 3, available at: https://dis.ru/library/690/36628/

5. Kakie problemy vliyayut na razvitie sel’khozkooperatsii v Rossii [What Issues Affect the Development of Agricultural Cooperation in Russia?]. Rambler, 2023, 17 iyulya, available at: https://news.rambler.ru/community/51108147-kakie-problemy-vliyayut-na-razvitie-selhozkooperatsii-v-rossii/

6. Set’ magazinov “KOOP” budet razvivat’sya po franshize “Okolo” [The COOP Chain of Stores Will Be Developed Under the Okolo Franchise]. Retail.ru, 2024, 18 noyabrya. Istochnik: X5 Group, available at: https://www.retail.ru/news/set-magazinov-koop-budet-razvivatsya-po-franshize-okolo-18-noyabrya-2024-247640/

7. Kompleksnye uslugi v oblasti informatsionnoy bezopasnosti [Comprehensive Information Security Services]. RAD KOP, available at: https://radcop.online/

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.196.2024.82-89

The reform of development institutions currently being carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation provides for their partial modernization and liquidation. At the same time, some institutions, in particular state-owned corporations, are not subject to reform due to the fact that their activities are strategically important and fully consistent with the goals of the country’s economic development. According to the authors of the article, the Rostec state-owned corporation today has positive experience in achieving the goals set by the state. The directions and results of Rostec’s activities during the sanctions period, industry and financial indicators, the execution of the state defense order and the share of civilian products, development directions in various sectors of the economy and innovative developments to ensure competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets are studied.

References:

1. Instituty razvitiya s”eli 5 trillionov rubley. Deputaty obvinili kvazigosudarstvennye struktury v neeffektivnosti [Development institutes ate 5 trillion rubles. Deputiesaccusedquasi-statestructuresofinefficiency]. Nezavisimayagazeta, 2019,10 oktyabrya, availableat:https://www.ng.ru/economics/2019-10-10/4_7699institute.html

2. Vladimir Kuz’min. Mishustin soobshchil ob optimizatsii institutov razvitiya [Mishustin announced the optimization of development institutions]. Rossiyskaya gazeta, 2020, 23 noyabrya, available at: https://rg.ru/2020/11/23/pravitelstvo-optimiziruet-sistemu-institutov-razvitiia.html

3. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 24 marta 2022 g. N 459 “O priznanii utrativshimi silu nekotorykh aktov Pravitel’stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii i o vnesenii izmeneniy v rasporyazhenie Pravitel’stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 31 dekabrya 2020 g. N 3710-r” [Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 24, 2022 No. 459 “On recognizing as invalid certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation and on amending the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2020 No. 3710-r”]. Konsul’tantPlyus, available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_413819/9 2d969e26a4326c5d02fa79b8f9cf4994ee5633b/#dst100006

4. Pribyl’ goskompaniy v Rossii upala sil’nee, chem u chastnykh. Tol’ko dve treti iz nikh zavershili 2022 god v plyuse [Profits of state-owned companies in Russia fell more than those of private ones. Only two-thirds of them ended 2022 in the black]. RBK, 2023, 10 maya, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/econo mics/10/05/2023/64525cc39a794734f6f7044d

5. Federal’nyy zakon ot 12 yanvarya 1996 g. N 7-FZ “O nekommercheskikh organizatsiyakh” [Federal Law of January 12, 1996 No. 7-FZ “On Non-Commercial Organizations”]. Konsul’tantPlyus, available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_8824/

6. Mazanaev M.Sh., Bekishiev N.A. Pravovoy status i osobennosti gosudarstvennykh korporatsiy v sovremennoy Rossii [Legal status and features of state corporations in modern Russia]. Yuridicheskiy vestnik DGU, 2022, vol. 44, no 4, pp. 83–90, DOI: 10.21779/2224-0241-2022-44-4-83-90

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.112.2023.5-15

In modern conditions, the economic development of the country should be based on an innovative basis, ensuring the transition to a new technical and technological level and import substitution of high-tech products. The article considers the organizational and economic mechanism for improving the technical and technological level of production of high-quality products and proposes an algorithm for its implementation, which provides for analysis and prompt decision-making in case of rejection or failure to achieve the decisions required at the moment, measures for the creation and release of innovative products. On the basis of the proposed mechanism, it is possible to take into account the directions of the organizational-institutional and technical-technological plan, which will increase the growth rates of industrial production and GDP of the Russian Federation.

References: 

1. Federal Law No. 127-FZ of August 23, 1996 «On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_11507/
2. Federal Law No. 39-FZ of February 25, 1999 «On Investment Activities in the Russian Federation Carried Out in the Form of Capital Investments». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_22142/
3. Federal Law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002 «On Technical Regulation». URL: // https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_40241/
4. Federal Law No. 156-FZ of November 29, 2001 «On Investment Funds». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_34237/
5. Forecast of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 (approved By the Government of the Russian Federation on January 3, 2014). URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_157978/
6. Shepelev G.V. On the priorities of scientific and technological development. Management of science: theory and practice. 2020;2(3):16-36. (In Russ.).
7. Ostapyuk S.F., Fetisov V.P., Ostapyuk I.S. Approaches to choosing priorities in the scientific and technical sphere. Microeconomics. 2023;1:5-22.
https:doi.org/10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.5-22. (In Russ.).
8. Federal Law No. 70-FZ of April 7, 1999 «On the Status of the Science City of the Russian Federation». RL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_22630/
9. Federal Law No. 116-FZ of July 22, 2005 «On Special Economic Zones in the Russian Federation». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_54599/
10. Federal Law No. 139-FZ of July 19, 2007 «On the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_69932/
11. Federal Law No. 244-FZ of September 28, 2010 «On the Skolkovo Innovation Center». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_105168/
12. Federal Law No. 216-FZ of July 29, 2017 (as amended on 12/28/2022) «On Innovative Scientific and Technological Centers and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_221172/
13. The Strategy of Innovative Development of the Russian Federation (approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2227-r dated December 8, 2011). URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_123444/
14. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 204 dated May 7, 2018 «On National goals and strategic objectives of the Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_297432/
15. The Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation (approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 642 of December 1, 2016). URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_207967/
16. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1172 of November 16, 2012 «On the Powers of Federal executive authorities in the field of state support of innovation activities». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_137901/
17. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 773 dated June 15, 2019 «On criteria for Classifying goods, works, services as Innovative products and (or) High-tech products» (together with «Requirements for Criteria for Classifying goods, works, services as innovative products and (or) high-tech products, as well as the procedure for their establishment»). URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_326971/
18. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2204 of December 22, 2020 «On Certain Issues of Implementing State Support for Innovation Activities, including through Venture and (or) Direct Financing of Innovative Projects, and Invalidation of the Act of the Government of the Russian Federation and a Separate Provision of the Act of the Government of the Russian Federation». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_372290/
19. Federal Law No. 258-FZ of July 31, 2020 «On Experimental Legal Regimes in the Field of Digital innovations in the Russian Federation». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_358738/
20. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 121 dated March 16, 2022 «On measures to ensure socio-economic stability and protection of the population in the Russian Federation». URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/47651
21. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 126 dated March 18, 2022 (ed. dated 11/23/2022) «On additional temporary economic measures to ensure the financial stability of the Russian Federation in the field of currency regulation». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_411944/
22. Federal Law No. 30-FZ of March 04, 2022 «On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Measures of Influence on Persons Involved in Violations of Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms, Rights and Freedoms of Citizens of the Russian Federation”». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_139994/
23. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 337 of March 10, 2022 «On Approval of the List of Industries in Which the Borrower Operates, Specified in Part 1 of Article 7 of the Federal Law “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)” and Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation regarding the Specifics amendments to the terms of the loan agreement, the loan agreement” and on the invalidation of certain provisions of certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation». URL: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/document/0001202203110015?index=2
24. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 296 dated March 06, 2022 «On Amendments to the Rules for the Selection of Organizations Included in the Sectoral Lists of System-forming Organizations of the Russian Economy». URL: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru›Document…0001202203070003
25. Federal Law No. 46-FZ of March 08, 2022 «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation». URL: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru›Document…0001202203080001
26. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 172 dated March 31, 2022 (ed. dated 12/30/2022) «On a special procedure for the fulfillment by foreign buyers of obligations to Russian natural gas suppliers». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_413296/
27. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 254 dated May 04, 2022 «On the temporary Procedure for fulfilling financial obligations in the field of corporate relations to Certain foreign creditors». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_416361/
28. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 430-r dated March 05, 2022 (ed. dated 10/29/2022) «On Approval of the List of Foreign States and Territories Committing Unfriendly Acts against the Russian Federation, Russian Legal Entities and Individuals». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_411064 /
29. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 95 dated May 05, 2022. «On the temporary procedure for fulfilling obligations to certain foreign creditors». URL: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/D ocument/View/00012022030500 6
30. Romashova Yu.A. Ways of cost reduction at enterprises in the oil and gas industry / Yu. A. Romashova, Yu. E. Akhmetshina, P. Yu. Companeets; scientific hand. O. V. Pozharnitskaya // Problems of geology and subsoil development: proceedings of the XX International Symposium named after Academician M. A. Usov students and young scientists dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Foundation Day, Tomsk, April 4-8, 2016: at 2 t. Tomsk: TPU Publishing House, 2016. Vol. 2. pp. 1080-1081. URL: https://earchive.tpu.ru/handle/11683/32218
31. Pelmeneva A.A. Assessment of the impact of the quality of oil and gas equipment on the economic efficiency of the company. Quality management in the oil and gas complex (UKANG). 2013;3:23-26. (In Russ.).
32. Pelmeneva A.A., Fedorov S.A. Improving approaches to the evaluation of scientific and technical solutions in the oil and gas complex of the Russian Federation. Problems of economics and management of the oil and gas complex. VNIIOENG. 2017;12:45-53. (In Russ.).
33. Shabanova D.N., Nelina V.V. Modern trends in project quality management in the oil and gas industry. Problems of economics and management of the oil and gas complex. 2022;(210):18-24. DOI:10.33285/1999-6942-2022-6(210)-18-24.
34. Makarova E.D. Innovative projects of global transformation energy spaces. Problems of economics and management of the oil and gas complex. 2022;6 (210):12-17. DOI:10.33285/1999-6942-2022-6(210)-12-17.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.110.2023.24-28

A modern model of money turnover associated with the use of electronic payments and payment systems of various levels is considered. The analysis of the statistical data of the Central Bank of Russia is carried out, the indicators of the popularity of electronic payment means in the Russian Federation for 2010-2022 are compared, the historical aspect of the development of public relations related to money circulation, in which cash prevailed, is touched upon. The prerequisites for the transition of the economy to non-cash means of payment and the role of electronic money in the modern life of people are revealed. The definition of the payment system, its main components, as well as the types of payment systems depending on the level of coverage are revealed, the relationship and interdependence of the development of the national payment system and the security of the country’s money circulation and the financial independence of the state are analyzed.

References:

1. Kunitsyna N.N. The role of electronic money in the formation and development of the national payment system of Russia: monograph / N.N. Kunitsyna, E.I. Dyudikova. Stavropol: North Caucasus Federal University, 2017. 192 p. ISBN 978-5-9296-0909-1. Text: electronic // Digital educational resource IPR SMART: [website]. URL: https://www.iprbookshop.ru/75592.html

2. National Payment System. URL: https://www.cbr.ru/PSystem /

3. Transactions made using payment cards in 2010. URL: http://www.cbr.ru/Collection/Collection/File/19966/T15_2010.xls

4. Transactions made using payment cards for 2022. URL: http://www.cbr.ru/Content/Document/File/105970/T15.xlsx

5. Antimonopoly policy in related markets: theory and practice: monograph / edited by S.B. Avdasheva, A.E. Shastitko. Moscow: RANEPA Case, 2018. ISBN 978-5-7749-1321-3. Text: electronic // Lan: electronic library system. URL: https://e.lanbook.com/book/143395

6. Visa and Mastercard suspended work in Russia: what it means. URL: https://www.forbes.ru/finansy/458195-visa-i-mastercard-priostanovili-rabotu-v-rossii-cto-eto-znacit

7. Results of the year: how Russia responded to the demarche of Visa and Mastercard. URL: https://ria.ru/20221219/ekonomika-1839651982.html

8. Pertseva S.Yu. Digital technologies in international finance: a textbook.  Moscow: MGIMO, 2021. 257 p. ISBN 978-5-9228-2491-0. Text: electronic // Lan: electronic library system. URL: https://e.lanbook.com/book/294446

9. Kuznetsov V.V. The concept of development of a competitive national payment system: monograph. Moscow: Dashkov and K, 2021. 170 p. ISBN 978-5-394-04828-9. Text: electronic // Digital educational resource IPR SMART: [website]. URL: https://www.iprbookshop.ru/120718.html

10. Realities and prospects of digital transformation of the economy: monograph / V.D. Milovidov, V.A. Onuchak, S.Yu. Pertseva [et al.]; edited by O. B. Pichkov. Moscow: MGIMO, 2020. 209 p. ISBN 978-5-9228-2194-0. Text: electronic // Lan: electronic library system. URL: https://e.lanbook.com/book/294704

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-3.183.2022.26-37

In this paper, an attempt is made to develop a mathematical model of population growth, based on socio-economic factors of the development of the countries’ community, as well as population migration. The author presents intermediate results of his review where he studies economic community, characterized by a very uneven development of regions. Mathematical model is proposed in which a conditional “center” and “periphery” (“global city” and “world village”) are distinguished. From the analysis of the existing socio-economic conditions of development it follows that “periphery” traditionally acts as a demographic donor for the “center”. Examples of such systems include, in particular, relations of the EU-Baltic republics, the EU-Ukraine, and Russia–EAEU countries. As an explanatory principle, it is proposed to use the concept of “institutional trap”. From the mathematical model point of view, this means rigidly fixed coefficients of connection between the system elements implementing one-way connection (toward the “center”). Possible mechanisms, influencing the dynamics of the system through adopting appropriate managerial decisions, are discussed. Obtained results prove the importance of adequate mathematical models for optimizing the strategic management of society.

Источники:

1. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 1 dekabrya 2016 g. N 642 “O Strategii nauchno-tekhnologicheskogo razvitiya Rossiiskoi Federatsii” [Executive Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated December 1, 2016 No. 642 “On the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation”]. Ofitsial’nyi sait Prezidenta RF, available at: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/41449.

2. Complex Systems and Society — Modeling and Simulation. Springer, 2013, available at:  https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4614-7242-1.

3. Solozhentsev E.D. Tsifrovoe upravlenie gosudarstvom i ekonomikoi [Digital Management of the State and Economy]. Upravlenie i planirovanie v ekonomike, 2018, no 1(17), pp. 136–153.

4. Federal’nyi zakon ot 28 iyunya 2014 g. N 172-FZ “O strategicheskom planirovanii v Rossiiskoi Federatsii” [Federal Law of June 28, 2014 No. 172-FZ “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation”]. Ofitsial’nyi sait Prezidenta RF, available at: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/38630.

5. Eberlin M. Foresight: How the Chemistry of Life Reveals Planning and Purpose. Discovery Institute, 2019.

6. Gaponenko N.V. Forsait. Teoriya. Metodologiya. Opyt [Foresight. Theory. Methodology. Experience]. Monografiya. Moscow, Yuniti — Danab, 2008, 239 p.

7. Unido Technology Foresight Manual. United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna, 2005, vol. 1, p. 8.

8. Pereslegin S.B. Budushchee kak proekt: krizis futurologii [The Future as a Project: Crisis of Futurology]. Intellekt, voobrazhenie, intuitsiya: razmyshleniya o gorizontakh soznaniya (metafizicheskii i psikhologicheskii opyt). Saint-Petersburg, 2001, no 10.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.183.2022.16-25

In modern economic thinking, there is an unclear division of the population into rich, poor and middle class. This structuring originated in the time of Euripides and Aristotle. However, there is still no general method for determining the parameters of the middle class, although the dynamics of growth and development of national economies significantly depends on it. The author proposes to stratify the population by the criterion of GDP per capita, calculated by purchasing power parity. At the same time, the author determines the parameters of the avant-garde, middle and rear-guard strata of the nation on the route of economic development using the proposed development gamma scale.

Источники:

1. Global Wealth Report 2015, Credit Suisse: Table 1. Middle-class share of all adults. Credit Suisse. P. 32. URL: global-wealth-report-2015.pdf.

2. Putin V.V. O srednem klasse i dokhodakh naseleniya: Interv’yu TASS. 18 marta 2020 g. Ofitsial’nyi sait Prezidenta RF, available at: http://www.kremlin.runts/president/news/63007.

3. Ponomarev V. Antropologicheskaya politekonomiya: kontseptsiya teorii samorazvitiya [Anthropological Political Economy: the Concept of Self-Development Theory]. Saarbryuken, LAP, 2013, 60 p.

4. Ponomarev V.P. Polimorfnaya gamma-shkala razvitiya geoekonomiki [Polymorphic Gamma-Scale of Economic Development]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2022, no 1, pp. 106–111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.181.2022.106-111.

5. Evripid. Umolyayushchie: Tragedii [Pleading: Tragedies]. Vol. 1. Literaturnye pamyatniki [Literary memorials]. Moscow, Nauka, Ladomir, 1999.

6. Rossiiskii statisticheskii ezhegodnik. 2019 [Russian Statistical Yearbook. 2019]. Moscow, Rosstat, 2019, p. 163.

DOI:  https://doi.org/ 10.33917/es-5.179.2021.102-107

The article examines relationship between innovation and economic development in the framework of new technological structures, as well as implementation of an innovative macro-strategy in the context of modern credit and banking system, supported and stimulated by the state and by transnational corporations. The function of an entrepreneur is to contribute to prosperity of both an individual business and the country’s economy as a whole. In the absence of entrepreneurs, budget financing of projects often involves irresponsible decision-making (economically ineffective), bureaucracy and business degeneration. Systemic support for the development of entrepreneurial innovation is needed, and macroeconomic management tools should be stimulatory. Modern legal regulation does not comply with new technological possibilities.

Technological change can have both positive and negative social consequences. Growing unemployment is considered one of the serious social threats. A well-thought-out state policy should be aimed at neutralizing the negative social consequences of the economy technological transition. It is necessary to use international experience in implementing credit issue in order to stimulate investments in innovative sectors of economy. The role of the Central Bank in targeting the growth of corporate incomes and incomes of the population is important, as well as implementation of the program for innovative development of the economy under the state support.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.176.2021.16-21

The Spatial Development Strategy (Strategy) needs a radical overhaul, and the priority actions should detail the promising economic specializations of the Russian regions. Methodological and substantive gaps are actively discussed by analysts and the academic community. At the same time, the fact of the absence of one of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation dropped out of account, and therefore, the detailed elaboration of promising activities contains only 84 out of 85 regions. In the presented study, a quantitative analysis of promising economic specializations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was made based on a comparison of the Strategy data with the NACE. There is given a constructive criticism of the applied system for identifying the industry specialization of the subjects of the Russian Federation based on the NACE’ approach. There are done recommendations on primary measures in identifying the industry specialization of the Russian state. The results of the study confirm the need for a radical revision of the classification of industry specialization of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

DOI: 10.33917/mic-2.91.2020.75-87

The study is aimed at studying the factors of influence of economic preconditions on the level of social tension in rural areas. Methods. The study analyzes various factors that affect the development of rural areas, with an emphasis on economic impact, and determines the criteria necessary for assessing the level of social tension. The study is based on an analysis of the state of rural areas of the Perm region and the population living in them, based on statistical indicators that characterize them. Data on the level and quality of life of the population, demographic situation, unemployment, crime and migration are analyzed. Scientific novelty. Taking into account the relevance of the research topic, the authors come to a reasonable conclusion about the need to analyze and assess the level of social tension in rural areas. Results and practical significance.

On the basis of the conducted analysis, the characteristic features of the current state of the rural population of the Perm territory are highlighted and described. Factors that influence social tension in these territories are identified, and problems that need to be addressed in order to avoid negative consequences of social tension are identified. Taking into account the relevance of the considered issues for any agricultural territory of our country, the approach proposed by the authors will be interesting and universal in practical application by specialists in the field of state and municipal management, agriculture, and economy of both Federal and state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation and local self-government bodies.