DOI: 10.33917/es-1.205.2026.68-75

At the current stage of socio-economic development, it is becoming increasingly evident that assessing the quality and standard of living plays a key role in the process of forming public policy aimed at improving the population well-being. At the same time, the multitude of existing methodological approaches to such assessment, differing both in the composition of indicators applied and in the methods of their aggregation, indicates the absence of universal standards and generally accepted system of indicators.

References:

1. Otchety OON (Human Development Reports) [UN Reports (Human Development Reports)]. UN, available at: https://hdr.undp.org

2. Better Life Index. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, available at: https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org

3. Rosstat [Website], available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru

4. Andreeva O.N. Uroven’ i kachestvo zhizni: soderzhanie ponyatiy i ikh sostavlyayushchie [Standard and Quality of Life: the Content of Concepts and their Components]. Regionovedcheskie issledovaniya, 2020, no 4(23), pp. 68–77.

5. Izmaylova A.S., Shershneva O.I. Pokazateli urovnya zhizni naseleniya Rossii [Standard of Living Indicators of the Population of Russia]. Tendentsii razvitiya nauki i obrazovaniya, 2021, no 50-4, pp. 73–75.

6. Tukhuzheva L.A. Kachestvo i uroven’ zhizni naseleniya [Quality and Standard of Living of the Population]. Voprosy nauki i obrazovaniya, 2020, no 29(41), pp. 52–54.

7. Belyaeva L.A. Kachestvo zhizni v sub”ektivnykh otsenkakh naseleniya: Rossiya v evropeyskom kontekste [Quality of Life in Subjective Assessments of the Population: Russia in the European Context]. Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta druzhby narodov, 2020, vol. 18, no 4, pp. 680–694.

8. Zagoruyko A.Yu. Uroven’ i kachestvo zhizni naseleniya kak osnovnoy kriteriy ustoychivogo sotsial’no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya obshchestva [Standard and Quality of Life of the Population as the Main Criterion for Sustainable Socio-Economic Development of Society]. Izd-vo Kurganskoy GSKhA, 2017, 89 p.

9. Petrenko P.V. Mnogofaktornye modeli otsenki blagosostoyaniya: opyt mezhdunarodnykh issledovaniy [Multifactor Models of Welfare Assessment: Experience of International Research]. Ekonomicheskie nauki, 2019, no 12, pp. 12–20.

10. Shumilin E.V. Metodologicheskie problemy formirovaniya integral’nykh indeksov urovnya zhizni v RF [Methodological Problems of Forming Integral Indices of the Standard of Living in the Russian Federation]. Voprosy statistiki, 2022, no 2, pp. 45–59.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.203.2025.96-103

The article examines problematic issues related to developing post-non-classical methodology of thinking and management within the framework of the synergetic approach concept (all its modifications – synergetics 1, 2, 3). According to the authors, this approach includes characteristics of all the main approaches to management (systemic, in the form of managing dissipative systems, process-oriented, in the form of managing self-organization processes, and situational one, in the form of managing open/non-closed systems). The author’s version of the methodology is based on the evolutionary-constructive model of postnon- classical knowledge development by V.S. Stepin, which includes the focuses on “object”, “means” and “subject”. In the article methodology is understood in its classical sense as “a system of principles and methods for organizing and constructing theoretical and practical activities”. Methodology version, developed by the authors, includes several concepts combined into a single system of knowledge and technologies used in the form of cognitive and communicative actions of management subjects while developing and implementing solutions for a specific problem situation. The authors provide a brief description of meta-management/M-management concept and separate concepts characterizing various focuses of the model by V.S. Stepin. An extended description of the concept of cyclo-vortex hierarchies is proposed.

References:

1. Arshinov V.I., Budanov V.G. Soznanie i osoznanie v sinergetike: Sinergetika na rubezhe XX–XXI vv. [Consciousness and Awareness in Synergetics: Synergetics at the Turn of the 20th–21st Centuries]. Moscow, 2006, pp. 55–73.

2. Mayntser K. Slozhnosistemnoe myshlenie: Materiya, razum, chelovechestvo. Novyy sintez [Thinking in Complexity: The Computational Dynamics of Matter, Mind and Mankind]. Moscow, Librokom, 2009. 464 p.

3. Stepin V.S. Teoreticheskoe znanie: Struktura, istoricheskaya evolyutsiya [Theoretical Knowledge: Structure, Historical Evolution]. Moscow, Progress-Traditsiya, 2003, 743 p.

4. Chernavskiy D.S. Sinergetika i informatsiya: Dinamicheskaya teoriya informatsii [Synergetics and Information: Dynamic Information Theory]. Moscow, Nauka, 2001, 244 p.

5. Chernavskiy D.S. Metodologicheskie osnovy sinergetiki i ee primeneniya. Metodologicheskie osnovy sinergetiki i ee sotsial’nye applikatsii: Materialy nauchnogo seminara [Methodological Foundations of Synergetics and Its Applications. Methodological Foundations of Synergetics and Its Social Applications: Proceedings of a Scientific Seminar]. Vyp. 1. Moscow, Nauchnyy ekspert, 2010, pp. 6–29.

6. Shevyrev A.V., Mikheev V.A., Shalamova N.G., Fedotova M.A. Sistemnaya analitika v upravlenii. Vvedenie v nauchno-issledovatel’skuyu programmu [Systems Analytics in Management: An Introduction to the Research Program]. Belgorod, LitKaraVan, 2016.

7. Budanov V.G. Upravlenie chelovekomernymi sistemami i metodologiya sinergetiki: Filosofiya upravleniya: problemy i strategii [Management of Human-Dimensional Systems and the Methodology of Synergetics: Management Philosophy: Problems and Strategies]. Moscow, IF RAN, 2010, pp. 89–112.

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.202.2025.38-49

Spanish political mentality is a historically determined, multidimensional and systemic result of a long multi-ethnic and transcivilizational process. To study it, a methodological concept of imprinting was used, which was firstly substantiated within the framework of the present study. The article formulates the concept of the imprinting-suggestion phenomenon, the basic structural elements of which are represented primarily by epochal political events, as well as great cultural figures and outstanding governors. Taking into account these invariant predictors, critical periods in the history of Spain that influenced the course of its political mentalization are discussed. Based on methodological potential of the imprinting concept, its root sources — romanization and christianization — are revealed. The article examines the evolution specifics of polymentality in Moorish Spain, emergence of Spanish Catholicism and significance of the Reconquista in forming the foundations of the Spanish mentality. These and other key moments in the history of the Kingdom of Spain from this perspective are still awaiting their researchers. The final section provides an analytical review of the philosophical and theological principles of the Spanish political mentality.

References:

[1-32] See in No. 3/2025. p. 21.

33. Simon G. Voyny Rima v Ispanii. 154–133 gg. do n.e. [Rome’s Wars in Spain. 154–133 BC]. Saint Petersburg, 2008.

34. Losev A.F., Chistyakova N.A., Boroday T.Yu., et al. Antichnost’ kak tip kul’tury [Antiquity as a Type of Culture]. Moscow, Nauka, 1988.

35. Rüpke J. (Edit.). A Companion to Roman Religion. Wiley-Blackwell, 2007.

36. Kyumon F. Vostochnye religii v rimskom yazychestve [Eastern Religions in Roman Paganism]. Saint Petersburg, Evraziya, 2002.

37. Shayd Dzh. Religiya rimlyan [Religion of the Romans]. Moscow, 2006, p. 32.

38. Dzhons A.Χ. Gibel’ antichnogo mira [The Death of the Ancient World]. Rostov n/D, Feniks, 1997.

39. Ortega-i-Gasset Kh. Izbrannye trudy [Selected Works]. 2-e izd. Moscow, Ves’ mir, 2000, pp. 330, 331.

40. Badian Е. Roman Imperialism of the Late Republic. Oxford, 1968, p. 5.

41. Yakovleva L.E. Problema natsional’noy identichnosti v ispanskoy filosofii XX veka [The Problem of National Identity in Spanish Philosophy of the Twentieth Century], available at: https://conf.esp-centr.sfedu.ru/materials/995/yakovleva.pdf

42. Klaude D. Istoriya vestgotov [Geschichte der Westgoten]. Saint Petersburg, Evraziya, 2003.

43. Dzhon F. Mak-Artur. Tolkovanie knig Novogo Zaveta. 1-e Poslanie k Timofeyu [Interpretation of the Books of the New Testament. 1st Epistle to Timothy]. Moscow, Slavyanskoe Evangel’skoe Obshchestvo, 2002, p. 9.

44. Deko A. Apostol Pavel [Apostle Paul]. Moscow, Molodaya gvardiya, 2005, p. 56.

45. Cardaillac L. Santiago apóstol: el santo de los dos mundos. El Colegio de Jalisco, 2002.

46. Berdyaev N.A. Dukh i real’nost’ [Spirit and Reality]. Moscow, AST, Astrel’, 2011, p. 10.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.123.2025.106-110

There are currently many problems in forestry, including deep-rooted problems in the form of illegal logging, corruption in the division of forest resources and the growth of organized crime. Regions where logging is almost the only source of livelihood for the population are particularly susceptible to these problems. The perception of forest resources as simple raw materials that bring quick profits, rather than as a valuable ecosystem that creates a climate balance, leads to negative consequences leading to the depletion of national wealth. The existing methods of assessing the level of the shadow economy of forestry cannot provide a comprehensive picture, as well as determine the indicators that most affect latent crimes in the field of forestry. The authors propose a methodology for determining the shadow economy of forestry, followed by strategic measures to improve the economic security of forestry.

References:

1. Brief edition of «Russkaya Pravda». Russian legislation of the 10th-20th centuries. Vol. 1. Moscow, 1984.  p. 38.

2. Kuramshin V.Ya. Brief history of forestry in Russia. Forest Bulletin. 2019;2:50-52.

3. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 13.06.1996 No. 63-FZ (as amended on 27.12.2019). URL: https://base.garant.ru/10108000/

4. Forest Code of the Russian Federation of 04.12.2006 No. 200-FZ (as amended on 04.08.2023 Federal Law No. 486). URL: https://base.garant.ru/12150845/

5. Konstantinov A.V. Subject – object structure of economic security in the forestry sector of the economy. Socio-economic phenomena and processes. 2025;10(5):30-35.

6. Myasnikov D.A. Tools and methods for determining the scale of the shadow economy in the forestry complex: Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Econ.) Dissertation. Irkutsk, 2009. 23 p.

7. Tolpyshev G.V. Economic formats for identifying latent crimes in the activities of forestry organizations. Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Econ.) Dissertation. Perm, 2020. 23 p.

8. Pinaev I.Yu., Svetlakov A.G. Methodological approaches to determining the level of the shadow economy in forestry. Microeconomics. 2025;1(120):86-91.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.123.2025.19-25

The article presents a detailed assessment of financial risks using stress testing and scenario analysis for oligopolistic structures.

References: 

1. Zhukovskaya I.V. Specifics of risk management of investment projects in industry. Economy and Management. 2010;2:53-56.

2. Zhukovskaya I.V. Minimization of financial risks and losses at the enterprise: from theory to practice. Microeconomics. 2024;4:65-71.

3. Financial management: textbook and workshop for universities / I.G. Gabidullina. Moscow: Publishing house Yurait, 2022. 482 p.

4. Data from the electronic database system «Kontur-Fokus» and «SBIS».

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.14-21

Spanish political mentality is a historically determined, multidimensional and systemic result of a long multi-ethnic and transcivilizational process. To study it, a methodological concept of imprinting was used, which was firstly substantiated within the framework of the present study. The article formulates the concept of the imprinting-suggestion phenomenon, the basic structural elements of which are represented primarily by epochal political events, as well as great cultural figures and outstanding governors. Taking into account these invariant predictors, critical periods in the history of Spain that influenced the course of its political mentalization are discussed. Based on methodological potential of the imprinting concept, its root sources — romanization and christianization — are revealed. The article examines the evolution specifics of polymentality in Moorish Spain, emergence of Spanish Catholicism and significance of the Reconquista in forming the foundations of the Spanish mentality. These and other key moments in the history of the Kingdom of Spain from this perspective are still awaiting their researchers. The final section provides an analytical review of the philosophical and theological principles of the Spanish political mentality.

References: 

1. Abellan J.L. Los españoles vistos por si mismos. Madrid, 1977.

2. Rodríguez-San Pedro L.E. La Edad Moderna: Universidades de la Monarquía Católica. Plétora y diversidad. Universia. España: Universidades, 2013, available at: // https://es.scribd.com/document/358750879/Edad-Moderna-Universidades-Monarquia-Catolica-Pletora-Diversidad

3. Ajo G. y Sáinz de Zúñiga C.M. Historia de las Universidades Hispánicas: orígenes y desarrollo desde su aparición hasta nuestros días. Madrid: Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones “Alonso de Madrigal”, 1957–1979.

4. Francisco Díez de Velasco. Religiones en España. Historia y presente. Madrid — España, 2012.

5. Spain — UNESCO World Heritage Convention, available at: // https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/es

6. Kaptereva T.P. Iskusstvo Ispanii. Srednie veka. Epokha Vozrozhdeniya [Art of Spain. Middle Ages. Renaissance]. Moscow, 1988, p. 248.

7. Tuñón de Lara М. El hecho religioso en España. 1968.

8. Elliot J.H. La España imperial, 1469–1716. Barcelona: Edotorial Vicens-Vives, 1987.

9. Fernandez Calzada M. Heterogeneous cultural-historical West: Spanish-Catholic civilization; Spanish America; China and the Spanish, the world’s first, globalization. Biocosmology — neo-aristotelism, vol. 14, no. 1&2, Winter/Spring, 2024, pp. 88–126.

10. Shaw D.L. La generación del 98. Madrid: Ediciones Cátedra, 1977.

11. Ortega y Gasset J. Ensayos sobre la “Generación del 98” y otros escritores españoles contemporáneos. Madrid, Alianza, 1981.

12. 11. Rakityanskiy N.M. Mental’nye issledovaniya global’nykh politicheskikh mirov [Mental Explorations of Global Political Worlds]. Moscow, Izd-vo Moskovskogo universiteta, 2020, pp. 22–30.

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.199.2025.102-109

The purpose of the study is to form the value foundations of the methodology for compatibility of the society paradigms and society subsystems. Mutually complementary types of value theories and dual understanding of values are analyzed. The article explores the common values of the society paradigms, including sustainable development, social justice; inclusiveness, equality and human rights protection. Necessary composition of aspects of the value foundations for methodology of compatibility of society paradigms is formed and a structural scheme of paradigms compatibility of society spheres is compiled.

References: 

1. Morozov V.A. Metodologiya sovmestimosti paradigm obshchestva: filosofsko-psikhologicheskie i sistemotekhnicheskie osnovaniya [Methodology of compatibility for society paradigms: philosophical-psychological and system-technical foundations]. Menedzhment i biznes-administrirovanie. Moscow, ID “Ekonomicheskaya gazeta”, 2024, no 2, pp. 209–217.

2. D’yui Dzh. Obshchestvo i ego problem [Society and its problems]. Per. s angl. I.I. Myurberg, A.B. Tolstova, E.N. Kosilovoy. Moscow, Ideya-Press, 2002, 160 p.

3. Sheler M. Resentiment v strukture moraley [Resentment in the morals structure]. Per. s nem. A.N. Malinkina. Saint Petersburg, Nauka, 1999, 282 p.

4. Vindel’band V. Istoriya filosofii [History of philosophy]. Per. s nem. A.I. Vvedenskogo. Moscow, KANON-press, 1998, 548 p.

5. Stepin V.S. Teoreticheskoe znanie: struktura, istoricheskaya evolyutsiya [Theoretical knowledge: structure, historical evolution]. Moscow, Progress-Traditsiya, 2000, 743 p.

6. Salas S.D. Moral’ XXI veka [Morality of the 21st century]. Moscow, Kodeks, 2013, 483 p.

7. Riker P. Konflikt interpretatsiy: ocherki o germenevtike [Conflict of Interpretations: Essays on Hermeneutics]. Moscow, Akademicheskiy proekt, 2008, 695 p.

8. Lebedeva N.M., Tatarko A.N. Tsennosti kul’tury i razvitie obshchestva [Cultural values and development of societ y]. Moscow, ID GVShE, 2007, 528 p.

9. Anopchenko T.Yu., Savon D.Yu. Ustoychivoe razvitie: opyt, problemy, perspektivy [Sustainable development: experience, challenges, prospects]. Moscow, Institut ustoychivogo razvitiya Obshchestvennoy palaty Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Tsentr ekologicheskoy politiki Rossii, 2011, p. 120.

10. Morozov V.A. Dukhovnaya ekonomika i sovmestimost’ obshchestva. Teoriya sovmestimosti [Spiritual economy and compatibility of society. Compatibility theory]. Moscow, Dashkov i K°, 2021, 576 p.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.120.2025.88-95

Presents a methodological basis for assessing financial risks, which includes a probabilistic assessment method with finding the variation coefficient, the Delphi method, Savage criteria and Hurwitz criteria, as well as an expert assessment method based on constructing a «decision tree», a financial risk map and scenario analysis. An assessment option is given using the example of the largest regional monopolist in the gas sector of industry.

References:

1. Financial Risk Management: textbook and practical training for universities / edited by I. P. Khominich. 3rd ed., revised and enlarged. Moscow: Yurait Publishing House, 2024. 582 p.

2. Akaeva V.R., Kuzmin M.S., Zhukovskaya I.V. Actual problems of digitalization of companies on the example of the industrial sector. Microeconomics. 2023;4(111):51-55.

3. Zhukovskaya I.V. Specifics of risk management of investment projects in industry. Economics and Management. 2010;2:53-56.

4. Analytical data of the electronic database system «Kontur-Fokus» and «SBIS».

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.116.2024.37-40

An analysis of methods for processing digital information and business analytics for civil aviation enterprises is presented using the example of “Data Science”.

References:

1. Gubanova A.V. Digital transformation as a tool for developing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. Creative economy. 2020;6:17-18. (In Russ.).

2. Zhukovskaya I.V., Akaeva V.R., Kuzmin M.S. Current problems of digitalization of companies using the example of the industrial sector. Microeconomics. 2023;4:51-55. (In Russ.).

3. Ragimkhanov A.V. Systematization of scientific approaches to the study of competitiveness of services: from theory to practice. / A.V. Ragimkhanov, I.V. Zhukovskaya. Microeconomics. 2022;1:75-78. (In Russ.).

4. Official website of the Aeroflot company. URL: https://ir.aeroflot.ru/ru/company-overview/traffic-and-financial-highlights/

DOI: 10.33917/es-2.194.2024.108-115

The purpose of the study is to develop the bases of a methodology for compatibility of paradigms of society and its subsystems based on the compatibility of human needs and social values. The growing paradigmatic field of society is examined. The author studies expanded composition of the society subsystems based on the spheres of its life activity. He also defines and presents the compatibility of the society subsystems and the subsystems of an organization as a “unit” of society. A list of the main paradigms in the hierarchy of society subsystems is compiled. The role and significance of the methodology fundamentals for compatibility of the society paradigms are substantiated.

References:

1. Spenser G. Sotsial’naya statika [Social Statics]. Moscow, Yurayt, 2023, 424 p.

2. Shpengler O. Zakat Evropy. Vol. 2. Samosoznanie evropeyskoy kul’tury XX veka [The Decline of Europe. Vol. 2. Self-awareness of the European Culture of the Twentieth Century]. Moscow, IPL, 1991.

3. Kun T. Struktura nauchnykh revolyutsiy [The Structure of Scientific Revolutions]. Moscow, AST, 2020, 320 p.

4. Toynbi A. Issledovanie istorii. Vozniknovenie, rost i raspad tsivilizatsiy [A Study of History. The Emergence, Growth and Disintegration of Civilizations]. Moscow, AST: AST MOSKVA, 2009.

5. Bondarenko O.Ya. Sbornik dokladov po teorii i filosofii edinogo polya (Podgot. na osnove serii knig “Filosofiya Edinstva”) [Collection of Reports on the Theory and Philosophy of the Unified Field. (Podgot. based on the Book Series “Philosophy of Unit y”)]. Bishkek, 2000.

6. Deyl S. Tonkoe telo. Polnaya entsiklopediya bioenergeticheskoy meditsiny [The Thin Body. The Complete Encyclopedia of Bioenergetic Medicine]. Moscow, Eksmo, 2013.

7. Maslou A. Motivatsiya i lichnost’ [Motivation and Personalit y]. 3rd ed. Moscow, Piter, 2013, 351 p.

8. Berezina T.N. Rezervnye vozmozhnosti cheloveka [Human Reserve Capabilitie]. Moscow, Kogito-Tsentr, 2000.

9. Morozov V.A. Sovmestimost’ sotsial’no-ekonomicheskikh sistem. Osnovy teorii sovmestimosti [Compatibility of Socio-economic Systems. Fundamentals of the Theory of Compatibility]. Moscow, Ekonomika, 2013.

10. Panov P.V. Instituty, identichnosti, praktiki: teoreticheskaya model’ politicheskogo poryadka [Institutions, Identities, Practices: a Theoretical Model of the Political Order]. Moscow, Rossiyskaya politicheskaya entsiklopediya (ROSSPEN), 2011, 230 p.

11. Kleyner G.B. Strategiya predpriyatiya [Enterprise Strategy]. Moscow, Delo, 2008.

12. Morozov V.A. Obshchestvo i ekonomika vzaimodeystviya [Society and Economics of Interaction]. Monografiya. Vol. 2. Moscow, Kreativnaya ekonomika, 2017.

13. Morozov V.A. Dukhovnaya ekonomika i sovmestimost’ obshchestva. Teoriya sovmestimosti [Spiritual Economy and Compatibility of Society. Compatibility Theory]. Moscow, Izdatel’sko-torgovaya korporatsiya “Dashkov i K°”, 2021, DOI: 10.29030/978-5-394-04571-4-2021-5-577.

14. Chalmers D. The Conscious Mind: In Search of a Fundamental Theory. N.Y., Oxford Universit y Press, 1996.