DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.4-5

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.110-115

The author continues to examine the procedural aspects of the campaign. The article highlights the election organizers’ compliance with democratic procedures and the constitutional principle of equality of candidates for the RAS membership. To assess the value of an applicant, criteria related to his contribution into science are proposed.

References:

1. Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast’ pervaya) ot 30 noyabrya 1994 g. N 51-FZ [Civil Code of the Russian Federation (part one) of November 30, 1994 No. 51-FZ]. Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF, 1994, no 32.

2. Postanovlenie Konstitutsionnogo suda RF ot 22 iyulya 2002 g. N 14-P [Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of July 22, 2002 No. 14-P]. Vestnik Konstitutsionnogo suda RF, 2002, no 6.

3. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 27 iyunya 2014 g. N 589 “Ob utverzhdenii ustava federal’nogo gosudarstvennogo byudzhetnogo uchrezhdeniya “Rossiyskaya akademiya nauk” [Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 27, 2014 No. 589 “On approval of the charter of the federal state budgetary institution “Russian Academy of Sciences”]. Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF, 2014, no 27.

4. Vybory-2025 [Elections’2025]. Rossiyskaya akademiya nauk, available at: https://www.ras.ru/news/shownews.aspx?id=10609fec-c5ec-44b2-aa4a- 7a8a689f2c6e

5. Postanovlenie Plenuma Verkhovnogo suda RF ot 23 iyunya 2015 g. N 25 “O primenenii sudami nekotorykh polozheniy razdela I chasti pervoy Grazhdanskogo kodeksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii” [Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of June 23, 2015 No. 25 “On the application by courts of certain provisions of Section I of Part One of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation”]. Byulleten’ Verkhovnogo suda RF, 2015, no 8.

6. Federal’nyy zakon ot 12 yanvarya 1996 g. N 7-FZ “O nekommercheskikh organizatsiyakh” [Federal Law of January 12, 1996 No. 7-FZ “On Non- Commercial Organizations”]. Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF, 1996, no 3.

7. Federal’nyy zakon ot 27 sentyabrya 2013 g. N 253-FZ “O Rossiyskoy akademii nauk, reorganizatsii gosudarstvennykh akademiy nauk i vnesenii izmeneniy v otdel’nye zakonodatel’nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii” [Federal Law of September 27, 2013 No. 253-FZ “On the Russian Academy of Sciences, the reorganization of state academies of sciences and amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation”]. Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF, 2013, no 39.

8. Postanovlenie Konstitutsionnogo suda RF ot 29 yanvarya 2018 g. N 5-P [Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of January 29, 2018 No. 5-P]. Vestnik Konstitutsionnogo suda RF, 2018, no 3.

9. Sukharev O.S. Luchshe men’she da khuzhe. O vyborakh i problemakh RAN — 2025 [Better Less But Worse. About the Elections and Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences — 2025]. YouTube, available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OytrdEvL_iQ

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.6-13

The article dwells on the role of technological sovereignty in ensuring the country’s sustainable development. The authors examine the concept of technological sovereignty, its main components and its relationship with economic, social and environmental sustainability. Particular attention is paid to analysis of the key areas for strengthening technological sovereignty, including the development of a research base, stimulation of innovation, personnel training and government support. Examples of Russia and other countries show successful practices and challenges related to achieving technological independence. It is shown that technological sovereignty is a necessary condition for sustainable development, allowing to reduce dependence on external factors and ensure the country’s long-term innovative development. In conclusion, the authors put forward recommendations for forming a comprehensive strategy for technological development based on strengthening scientific potential and creating a favourable environment for innovation.

References: 

1. Razvitie ekonomicheskikh sistem: teoriya, metodologiya, praktika: Monografiya (nauchnoe izdanie) [Development of Economic Systems: Theory, Methodology, Practice: Monograph (Scientific Edition)]. FGAOU VO “Samarskiy natsional’nyy issledovatel’skiy universitet imeni akademika S.P. Koroleva, et al; pod. red. B.N. Gerasimova. Penza, PGAU, 2024, 275 p.

2. Trusina I., Ermolaeva E., Abramov V., Gopeenko V. Otsenka mirovogo razvitiya v invariantnoy sisteme koordinat energeticheskikh edinits: perspektivy novykh industrial’nykh ekonomik [Assessment of Global Development in an Invariant Coordinate System of Energy Units: Prospects for New Industrial Economies]. Zhurnal infrastruktury, politiki i razvitiya, 2024, no 8(1):3110, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i1.3110

3. Afanas’ev A.A. Tekhnologicheskiy suverenitet kak nauchnaya kategoriya v sisteme sovremennogo znaniya [Technological Sovereignty as a Scientific Category in the System of Modern Knowledge]. Ekonomika, predprinimatel’stvo i pravo, 2022, vol. 12, no 9, pp. 2377–2394.

4. Kvint V.L., Novikova I.V., Alimuradov M.K., Sasaev N.I. Strategirovanie tekhnologicheskogo suvereniteta natsional’noy ekonomiki [Strategizing the Technological Sovereignty of the National Economy]. Upravlencheskoe konsul’tirovanie, 2022, no 9, pp. 57–67, DOI: 10.22394/1726-1139-2022-9-57-67

5. Baydarov D.Yu., Faykov D.Yu. Na puti k tekhnologicheskomu suverenitetu: teoreticheskie podkhody, praktika, predlozheniya [On the Way to Technological Sovereignty: Theoretical Approaches, Practice, Proposals]. Ekonomicheskoe vozrozhdenie Rossii, 2023, no 1, pp. 23–34.

6. Abramov V.I., Gavrilyuk A.V., Putilov A.V. Sravnenie podkhodov k obespecheniyu tekhnologicheskogo suvereniteta v raznykh stranakh: Trendy razvitiya sovremennogo obshchestva: upravlencheskie, pravovye, ekonomicheskie i sotsial’nye aspekty: Sb. nauchnykh statey 14-y Vserossiyskoy nauchnoprakticheskoy konferentsii [Comparison of Approaches to Ensuring Technological Sovereignty in Different Countries: Trends in the Development of Modern Society: Managerial, Legal, Economic and Social Aspects: Collection of scientific articles of the 14th All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference]. Kursk, Universitetskaya kniga, 2024, pp. 15–21.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.14-21

Spanish political mentality is a historically determined, multidimensional and systemic result of a long multi-ethnic and transcivilizational process. To study it, a methodological concept of imprinting was used, which was firstly substantiated within the framework of the present study. The article formulates the concept of the imprinting-suggestion phenomenon, the basic structural elements of which are represented primarily by epochal political events, as well as great cultural figures and outstanding governors. Taking into account these invariant predictors, critical periods in the history of Spain that influenced the course of its political mentalization are discussed. Based on methodological potential of the imprinting concept, its root sources — romanization and christianization — are revealed. The article examines the evolution specifics of polymentality in Moorish Spain, emergence of Spanish Catholicism and significance of the Reconquista in forming the foundations of the Spanish mentality. These and other key moments in the history of the Kingdom of Spain from this perspective are still awaiting their researchers. The final section provides an analytical review of the philosophical and theological principles of the Spanish political mentality.

References: 

1. Abellan J.L. Los españoles vistos por si mismos. Madrid, 1977.

2. Rodríguez-San Pedro L.E. La Edad Moderna: Universidades de la Monarquía Católica. Plétora y diversidad. Universia. España: Universidades, 2013, available at: // https://es.scribd.com/document/358750879/Edad-Moderna-Universidades-Monarquia-Catolica-Pletora-Diversidad

3. Ajo G. y Sáinz de Zúñiga C.M. Historia de las Universidades Hispánicas: orígenes y desarrollo desde su aparición hasta nuestros días. Madrid: Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones “Alonso de Madrigal”, 1957–1979.

4. Francisco Díez de Velasco. Religiones en España. Historia y presente. Madrid — España, 2012.

5. Spain — UNESCO World Heritage Convention, available at: // https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/es

6. Kaptereva T.P. Iskusstvo Ispanii. Srednie veka. Epokha Vozrozhdeniya [Art of Spain. Middle Ages. Renaissance]. Moscow, 1988, p. 248.

7. Tuñón de Lara М. El hecho religioso en España. 1968.

8. Elliot J.H. La España imperial, 1469–1716. Barcelona: Edotorial Vicens-Vives, 1987.

9. Fernandez Calzada M. Heterogeneous cultural-historical West: Spanish-Catholic civilization; Spanish America; China and the Spanish, the world’s first, globalization. Biocosmology — neo-aristotelism, vol. 14, no. 1&2, Winter/Spring, 2024, pp. 88–126.

10. Shaw D.L. La generación del 98. Madrid: Ediciones Cátedra, 1977.

11. Ortega y Gasset J. Ensayos sobre la “Generación del 98” y otros escritores españoles contemporáneos. Madrid, Alianza, 1981.

12. 11. Rakityanskiy N.M. Mental’nye issledovaniya global’nykh politicheskikh mirov [Mental Explorations of Global Political Worlds]. Moscow, Izd-vo Moskovskogo universiteta, 2020, pp. 22–30.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.22-33

The growing problems in managing export commodity flows associated with sanctions pressure and global market changes require active use of modern adaptive approaches to coordinating all participants in the commodity movement processes. The authors try to analyze the magnitude of tasks at the level of trade and transport interaction of the BRICS countries and distinguish the White Sea transport system as a nucleus for organizing alternative transport routes and their development based on the construction of modern multi-agent systems. The White Sea transport system will open up new opportunities for increasing competitiveness of the Russian economy and its mobility, taking into account all existing restrictions of geographical, economic and technological nature.

References:

1.Lyakhnitskiy V.E. Izyskaniya v ust’yakh r. Severnoy Dviny, proizvedennye v 1915–1916 godakh dlya sostavleniya proekta avanporta u gor. Arkhangel’ska: Trudy otdela torgovykh portov [Surveys at the Mouths of the Northern Dvina River, Conducted in 1915–1916 to Draw up a Project for an outer Harbor Near the City of Arkhangelsk: Works of the Department of Commercial Ports.]. Vyp. XLIX. Ministerstvo torgovli i promyshlennosti. Petrograd, Tipografiya M-va put. soobshch. (t-va I.N. Kushnerev i K°), 1916, p. 22.

2. Perechen’ porucheniy po itogam rabochey poezdki v Arkhangel’skuyu oblast’ 11 dekabrya 2023 g. [List of Instructions Following the Working Trip to the Arkhangelsk Region on December 11, 2023]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/assignments/orders/73379

3. Sovmestnaya deklaratsiya 14-y vstrechi ministrov sel’skogo khozyaystva stran BRIKS. 28 iyunya 2024 g. [Joint Declaration of the 14th BRICS Agriculture Ministers’ Meeting. 28 June 2024], available at: https://cdn.brics-russia2024.ru/upload/docs/

4. Strategiya ekonomicheskogo partnerstva BRIKS do 2025 g. [BRICS Economic Partnership Strategy until 2025], available at: https://www.economy.gov. ru/material/file/636aa3edbc0dcc2356ebb6f8d594ccb0/114813.pdf

5. Narushena morskaya torgovlya: Voyna na Ukraine i ee vliyanie na logistiku morskoy torgovli [Maritime Trade Disrupted: The War in Ukraine and Its Effects on Maritime Trade Logistics]. UNCTAD, available at: https://unctad.org/ukraine-in-focus/maritime-trade-disrupted

6. Kratkoe rukovodstvo po znaniyam “Odin poyas — odin put’”: Osnovnye punkty znaniy [Belt and Road Initiative Quick Guide: Key Knowledge Points]. Kitayskaya set’ “Odin poyas i odin put’”, available at: https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/p/86670.html

7. Ishekenova B. U Kazakhstana i Kitaya poyavitsya novaya zheleznaya doroga [Elektronnyy resurs]. LSM.kz, 2023, 6 iyunya, available at: https://lsm.kz/ kazahstan-i-kitaj-svyazhet-novaya-zheleznaya-doroga-podrobnosti

8. Boldachev A.V. Sobytiynaya ontologiya vs ob”ektnaya [Event-based Ontology vs. Object-based Ontology]. Khabr, 2022, 21 dekabrya, available at: https:// habr.com/ru/articles/706916/

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.122-127

Research object of the present scientific article is the most significant, technologically advanced branch of industry, remaining within the framework of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia, namely mechanical engineering. The purpose of this article is to analyze systematically the problem of providing impor t substitution, technological renewal and sustainable functioning of the most important industry, as well as to determine the main directions of its fur ther development in order to achieve technological sovereignty of the country in the context of a hybrid sanctions war declared by the United States and unfriendly countries. As a result of a comprehensive analysis, the authors deal with strategic problems and prospects for the development of mechanical engineering as a trend in the development of the industry and economy of the Russian Federation as a whole.

References:

1. Programma “Tsifrovaya ekonomika Rossiyskoy Federatsii” (utv. rasporyazheniem Pravitel’stva RF ot 28 iyunya 2017 g. N 1632-r [Digital Economy of the Russian Federation: Program. — Approved by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 28, 2017 No. 1632-r.], available at: http://static. government.ru/media/files/9gFM4FHj4PsB79I5v7yLVuPgu4bvR7 M0.pdf

2. Poslanie Prezidenta RF Federal’nomu sobraniyu RF ot 29 fevralya 2024 g. [Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated February 29, 2024]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: ht tp://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/50431

3. Peterburgskiy mezhdunarodnyy ekonomicheskiy forum. Sankt-Peterburg, 4–8 iyunya 2024 g. [St. Petersburg International Economic Forum. St. Petersburg, June 4–8, 2024.]. RIA Novosti, available at: ht tps://rio.ru/20240608/putin-2893212072.html

4. Prognoz sotsial’no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii na 2022 god i na planovyy period 2023 i 2024 godov [Forecast of Socio-economic Development of the Russian Federation for 2022 and for the Planning Period of 2023 and 2024], available at: https://www.economy.gov.ru/material/file/ d7f5f5dea44bda4c30d42aac04cc1fca/prognoz_socialno_ekonom_razvitiya_rf_2022-2024.pdf

5. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 15 iyunya 2023 g. N 988 “O vnesenii izmeneniy v postanovlenie Pravitel’stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 18 maya 2011 g. N 378” [Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 15, 2023 No. 988 “On Amendments to the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 18, 2011 No. 378”]. Ofitsial’noe opublikovanie pravovykh aktov, available at: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/ document/0001202306150033

6. Prognoz dolgosrochnogo sotsial’no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2030 goda (utv. rasporyazheniem Pravitel’stva RF ot 6 oktyabrya 2021 g. N 2816-r) [Forecast of the Long-term Socio-economic Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Pravitel’stva RF, available at: http://government.ru/docs/12582

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.34-41

The problem of food security is relevant for all regions of the world. Southeast Asia shows positive dynamics in key indicators of food security. However, systemic problems in the region’s agricultural complex still pose risks in terms of food availability for the whole population. Essential role in addressing this issue is played by international organizations and associations, primarily FAO and ASEAN.

References:

1. Revenko L.S. Parametry i riski prodovol’stvennoy bezopasnosti [Food Security Parameters and Risks]. Mezhdunarodnye protsessy, 2015, no 2, pp. 6–20.

2. Komitet po vsemirnoy prodovol’stvennoy bezopasnosti. Terminy i terminologiya [Committee on World Food Security. Terms and Terminology]. FAO OON, available at: http://www.fao.org/3/MD776R/MD776R.pdf

3. Polozhenie del v oblasti prodovol’stvennoy bezopasnosti i pitaniya v mire — 2024. Preobrazovanie prodovol’stvennykh sistem dlya obespecheniya finansovoy dostupnosti zdorovogo pitaniya [The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024: Transforming Food Systems to Ensure Affordability of Healthy Diets]. FAO, MFSR, YuNISEF, VPP i VOZ. Rim, 2024, 286 p.

4. Revenko L.S., Soldatenkova O.I., Revenko N.S. Global’naya prodovol’stvennaya problema: novye vyzovy dlya mira i Rossii [Global Food Problem: New Challenges for the World and Russia]. Ekonomika. Nalogi. Pravo, 2022, vol. 15, pp. 54–65.

5. Deryugina I.V. Prodovol’stvennaya bezopasnost’ v stranakh Yugo-Vostochnoy Azii [Food Security in Southeast Asian Countries]. Yugo-Vostochnaya Aziya: aktual’nye problemy razvitiya, 2019, no 2, pp. 82–93.

6. Burova E.S. Agrarnyy sektor V’etnama na pereput’e dorog: dostizheniya, problemy i perspektivy [Vietnam’s Agricultural Sector at a Crossroads: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects]. Nezavisimyy V’etnam: natsional’nye interesy i tsennosti, 2021, pp. 100–115.

7. Regional’naya konferentsiya FAO dlya Azii i Tikhogo okeana [FAO Regional Conference for Asia and the Pacific]. FAO OON, available at: https:// openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/447485fe-232c-4506-9a31-42b17be0f357/content

8. Doklad o rabote tridtsat’ sed’moy sessii Regional’noy konferentsii dlya Azii i Tikhogo okeana [Report of the Thirty-seventh Session of the Regional Conference for Asia and the Pacific]. FAO OON, available at: https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/35db5339-13b0-44c3-9e21- 81bf9faf4de6/content

9. Laborde D., Torero M. Modeling actions for transforming agrifood systems. In: J. von Braun, K. Afsana, L.O. Fresco & M.H.A. Hassan, eds. Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation. Cham, Switzerland, Springer International Publishing. 2023. P. 105–132. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 031-15703-5_7

10. Desker B., Caballero-Anthony M., Teng P. Thought/issues paper on ASEAN food security: Towards a more comprehensive framework. ERIA Discussion Paper Series, available at: https://www.eria.org/ERIA-DP-2013-20.pdf

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.128-135

According to Rosstat, in 2024, the total fer tility rate decreased by 2.3% compared to the previous year — from 8.6‰ in 2023 to 8.4‰ in 2024. Operational data for January-March 2025 also record a decrease in the bir th rate: the rate for the first three months was 8.0‰, which is 3.6% less than the same period in the previous year (for reference: January-March 2024 — 8.3‰). State authorities are actively developing and implementing new measures for providing full reproduction of the country’s population. In this regard, close attention is paid to the issues of the ef fectiveness of the demographic policy being implemented in the area of birth rate, which determines the usefulness and high practical significance of the proposed approach to measuring the impact of federal maternal (family) capital for the first child on bir th rate.

References:

1. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 7 maya 2024 g. N 309 “O natsional’nykh tselyakh razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2030 goda i na perspektivu do 2036 goda” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2024 No. 309 “On the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030 and for the Perspective up to 2036”]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: ht tp://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/50542

2. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 2 iyulya 2021 g. N 400 “O Strategii natsional’noy bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 2, 2021 No. 400 “On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation”]. Garant, available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/401325792/

3. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 9 noyabrya 2022 g. N 809 “Ob utverzhdenii Osnov gosudarstvennoy politiki po sokhraneniyu i ukrepleniyu traditsionnykh rossiyskikh dukhovno-nravstvennykh tsennostey” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 9, 2022 No. 809 “On Approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values”]. Garant, available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/405579061/?ysclid=m58csbjseu924993873

4. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 23 yanvarya 2024 g. N 63 “O merakh sotsial’noy podderzhki mnogodetnykh semey” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 23, 2024 No. 63 “On Measures of Social Support for Large Families”]. Konsul’tantPlyus, available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_467710/?ysclid=m58ctrze32536168260

5. Strategiya deystviy po realizatsii semeynoy i demograficheskoy politiki, podderzhke mnogodetnosti v Rossiyskoy Federatsii do 2036 goda (proekt) [Strategy of Actions for the Implementation of Family and Demographic Policy, Support for Large Families in the Russian Federation until 2036 (draft)]. Ministerstvo truda i sotsial’noy zashchity RF, available at: https://mintrud.gov.ru/ministry/programms/11?ysclid=m58cvzb6bg388401477