DOI: 10.33917/mic-2.109.2023.19-33

The problem of ensuring technological sovereignty in the Russian economy is considered. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of technological development and assess technological sovereignty at the sectoral and macroeconomic levels of management. The methodology is the theory of technological change, comparative and empirical, structural analysis. The general result of applying these approaches is proposals at the macroeconomic level and for sectoral policy that contribute to increasing the technological independence of the state. Ensuring technological sovereignty comes down not only to the substitution of technology imports, but, more importantly, to the resuscitation of the domestic technological base. Particular emphasis should be placed on overcoming the existing and chronic problems of the technological development of the Russian economy. These include: the pseudo effect of technological dualism, the low sensitivity of manufacturability to investment in new technologies, the low share of the knowledge economy, and the inefficient structure of technological modes. Increasing the rate of accumulation of fixed capital and bringing it to the rate of savings is a false goal, since the structure of the distribution of investments, and not their share, that is, the volume, is important for long-term growth. Measures for financial independence proposed at the macro level will determine the solution of the problem of technological sovereignty, but the proposed recipes are very streamlined, not specific and do not solve the problem of sovereign financial development, since the placement of financial resources in external instruments, the application of the previous targeting policy and the budget rule remain, as well as the monetary policy of curbing growth. These conditions will hinder the solution of the problem of ensuring technological sovereignty in Russia.

References:

1. Glazyev S.Yu. Nanotechnologies as a key factor in the new technological order in the economy / Ed. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences S.Yu. Glazyev and Professor V.V. Kharitonov. M.: Trovant, 2009. 304 p.

2. Lvov D.S., Glaziev S.Yu. Theoretical and applied aspects of STP management. Economics and Mathematical Methods. 1986;5:793–804. (In Russ.).

3. Mensch G. Technological stalemate: innovations overcome depression. M.: Economics, 2001. 211 p.

4. Perez K. Technological revolutions and financial capital. Dynamics of bubbles and periods of prosperity. M.: Delo, 2011. 232 p.

5. Sukharev O.S. Economics of technological development. M.: Finance and statistics, 2008. 480 p.

6. Sukharev O.S. Economics of industry, technology and intellectual firms. M.: Lenand, 2022. 304 p.

7. Antonelli C., Gehringer A. Technological change, rent and income inequalities: A Schumpeterian approach. Technological Forecasting & Social Change. 2017;115:85–98.

8. Breschi S., Malerba F., Orsenigo L. Technological Regimes and Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation. The Economic Journal. 2000;110 (463):388–410.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-2.109.2023.34-47

The article discusses some aspects of the analysis of the level of information development of countries using digital development indices. A methodological approach to assessing the level of digitalization is proposed. The emphasis is placed on assessing the level and dynamics of indicators characterizing the technological development of countries in the field of digitalization, using the example of the international global communications index GCI, developed by Huawei. Within the framework of the study, the values of the GCI index, technological indicators of digitalization included in the GCI index, the rank of the country according to the GCI index and the values of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita for the period 2015-2020 were considered. An interactive information panel was developed to visually represent the dynamics of data and the implementation of comparative analysis. Russian software, the Loginom analytical platform, was used for data processing and analysis.

References:

1. Konstantinova L. A., Kramarenko I. V. Analysis of approaches to the assessment of digital inequality in education systems. Microeconomics. 2020;1(90):32-49. (In Russ.).

2. Ranking of countries by the level of network readiness. NRI index data and its components. URL: https://nonews.co/directory/lists/countries/networked-readiness-index

3. GCI index data and its components. URL: https://www.huawei.com/minisite/gci/en/country-rankings.html

4. World Bank data on GDP per capita. URL: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?locale=ru&locations=null

5. Kolokolov A. Make the data say: How to make a business dashboard in Excel. Data Visualization Guide. Moscow: Alpina PRO Publishing House, 2023. 244 p. ISBN 978-5-206-00079-5. (In Russ.).

6. Paklin N. B. Business analytics: from data to knowledge [Text]: textbook / N. Paklin, V. Oreshkov. 2nd ed., supplement and revision. St. Petersburg, 2010. -701 p.: ill., table.; ISBN 978-5-49807-751-2. (In Russ.).

7. Pisareva O. M. Methods of forecasting the development of socio-economic systems. Textbook. M.: Publishing house «Higher School», 2007. (In Russ.).

8. The official website of the analytical platform LOGINOM. URL: https://loginom.ru /?ysclid=lfdj6pjmme274123219

9. Zolov O. N. Problems of using GDP as an indicator of the effectiveness of assessing socio-economic development / O. N. Zolov, N. N. Matnenko // Issues of economics and management. 2019;5(21):1-6. URL: https://moluch.ru/th/5/archive/138/4418 / (In Russ.).

10. Dronov V. N., Makhrova O. N. Broadband Internet access as a factor of socio-economic development // Economics and management. 2016;9(131). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/shirokopolosnyy-dostup-v-internet-kak-faktor-sotsialno-ekonomicheskogo-razvitiya (In Russ.).

11. Measuring the Information Society: Report 2015. URL: http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/ind/D-IND-ICTOI-2015-SUMPDF-R.pdf

12. Kaledin P. ITU: measuring the information society // The first mile. 2016;5(58):38-44. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.108.2023.5-22

The article summarizes the experience of solving the problem of choosing priority directions for the development of science, technology and engineering in the USSR and Russia; approaches to the choice of these priorities in the context of the formation of a new model of management of the sphere of science and technology are discussed; a procedure for selecting priorities is proposed, focused on harmonizing the goals of the development of science and technology with the national development goals of the state.

References:

1. Forecast of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 (approved by the Government of the Russian Federation). URL: consultant.ru›document/cons_doc_LAW_157978/

2. Makarov V.L., Lvov D.S. et al. Priority Directions of Scientific and Technological Progress of the USSR and Ways of Their Implementation (Preprint). M.: TsEMI AN SSSR, 1991. 65 p.

3. Golichenko O.G., Obolenskaya L.V., Zudina A.B. A model for choosing the priorities of science and technology and critical technologies // Science in Russia: current state and strategy of revival. M.: Logos, 2004. Ser.: Scientific reports. Issue. 2.

4. Innovative priorities of the state / Ed. A. A. Dynkin and N. I. Ivanova. M.: Nauka, 2005. 274 p.

5. Mindeli L.E., Ostapyuk S.F., Fetisov V.P. Forecast and priorities of fundamental science in Russia. M.: IPRAN RAN, 2019. 312 p.

6. Shepelev G.V. On the priorities of scientific and technological development // Management of science: theory and practice. 2020;2(3)16-36. (In Russ.).

7. Federal Law of August 23, 1996 No. 127-FZ «On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

8. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 7, 2011 No. 899 «On Approval of Priority Directions for the Development of Science, Technology and Engineering in the Russian Federation and the List of Critical Technologies of the Russian Federation». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

9. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2012 No. 599 «On measures to implement state policy in the field of education and science». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

10. The State Program of the Russian Federation «Development of Science and Technology» (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 20, 2012 No. 2433-r). – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

11. The Program of Fundamental Scientific Research of State Academies of Sciences for 2013–2020 (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 3, 2012 No. 2237-r). – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

12. On decisions following the meeting of the Presidium of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Strategic Development and Priority Projects (Minutes of the meeting of the Presidium of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Strategic Development and Priority Projects dated October 1, 2016 No. 6). URL: http://government.ru/orders/selection/401/24826/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.107.2022.5-18

The article proposes a set of organizational, methodological, legal and managerial measures for the development of such structural elements of the model of strategic management in the field of science and technology as forecasting scientific research and development, selecting thematic priorities for the development of scientific research and development, monitoring the activities of management entities in the field of science and technology, examination of the results of scientific and scientific-technical activities.

References:

1. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 13, 1996 No. 884 (as amended on February 23, 2006) «On the Doctrine of the Development of Russian Science». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 1, 2016 No. 642 «Strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

3. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 2, 2021 No. 400 «On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

4. Federal Law of August 23, 1996 No. 127-FZ «On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

5. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 15, 2021 No. 143 «On measures to improve the efficiency of the state scientific and technical policy». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

6. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 15, 2021 No. 144 «On Certain Issues of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Science and Education». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

7. Federal Law of July 20, 1995 No. 115-FZ «On State Forecasting and Programs for the Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

8. Federal Law of June 28, 2014 No. 172-FZ «On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

9. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 1, 2016 No. 642 «On the strategy of scientific and technological development in the Russian Federation». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

10. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 15, 2021 No. 143 «On measures to improve the efficiency of the state scientific and technical policy». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

11. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 8, 2021 No. 633 «On approval of the foundations of state policy in the field of strategic planning in the Russian Federation». – Access from the information and legal system «Garant».

12. Modernization and economic security of Russia: T. 2 / Ed. acad. N.Ya. Petrakov. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya, 2011. 516 p.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.106.2022.5-25

The purpose of this work is to prepare proposals for the further development and practical use in the Russian Federation of the methodology and tools of program-targeted management. The following issues are resolved in the article: 1) as a result of the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific sources, as well as regulatory documents of the Russian Federation in the field of strategic planning, its main shortcomings are identified and the main directions for further development are formulated; 2) a methodical approach is proposed for the development of state programs for the economic and social development of the country based on the method of analysis of hierarchies; 3) an example of the practical use of this method for solving the problem of substantiating the optimal size of import substitution of foreign components for the production of a short-haul narrow-body passenger aircraft Super Jet 100 is given.

References:

1. Indicative planning and implementation of regional policy / ed. A.B. Levinthal. M.: Finance and statistics, 2007. 326 p. (In Russ.).

2. Demidova L.G., Klimov S.M., Shcherbakovsky G.Z., Antonov A.G. Indicative planning: theory and ways of improvement. St. Petersburg: Knowledge, 2000. 230 p. (In Russ.).

3. Afonina I.A., Ivanova O.D., Panasevich O.E. About the conference “Strategic planning in the face of increasing external threats: the need to mobilize internal resources for the development of Russia” //Microeconomics. 2014;6:138-144. (In Russ.).

4. Buzgalin A. V., Kolganov A. I. Revival of planning, lessons (political and economic discourse // Problems of the theory of management practice. 2016;1:8-18. (In Russ.).

5. Buchwald E.M. Strategic unfinished construction; is the result visible? // STAGE. Economic theory, analysis, practice. 2017;6:33-47. (In Russ.).

6. Gaganov A.A. Does Russia have strategic planning? URL: http: rusrand. ru/analytics/est-li-v-rossii-strategicheskoe-planirovanie

7. Mishin Yu.V., Pisareva O.M., Mishin A.Yu., Alekseev V.A. Normative base of strategic planning: fundamentals, unresolved problems and directions of development. Monograph. Moscow: Nauka Publishing House, 2019. 404 p. (In Russ.).

8. Smirnova O.O. Paradigms and parallels. On the paradigm shift of a unipolar world in strategic planning // MIR (Modernization. Innovations. Development. 2014;3(19):107-110. (In Russ.).

9. Saaty T.L. Making decisions. Method of analysis of hierarchies. Moscow: Radio and communication, 1993. 241 p. (In Russ.).

10. Saaty T., Kerns K. Analytical planning. Organization of systems. M: Radio and communication, 1991. 224 p. (In Russ.).

11. Kartvelishvili V.M., Lebedyuk E.A. Hierarchy Analysis Method: Criteria and Practice. Bulletin of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. 2013;6:1-16. (In Russ.).

12. Romanov V.N. System analysis for engineers. St. Petersburg: SZGZTU, 2006. 186 p. (In Russ.).

13. Beshelev S.D., Gurvich F.G. Expert assessments. M.: Nauka, 1973. 158 p. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-2.103.2022.39-48

The state is a specific economic entity. With all the variety of tasks performed on behalf of the state in the actions performed with state funds and property, the legitimate interest of the state at the general epistemological level is not defined in any way. The article focuses on the need for universal approaches to develop criteria for assessing the violated state interest from the position of an expert economist who evaluates the effectiveness of managerial decisions.

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1. Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part One) dated November 30, 1994 No. 51-FZ. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_5142/

2. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_law_10699/

3. On the Government of the Russian Federation: Federal Constitutional Law of December 17, 1997 (as amended on December 3, 2012). URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_17107//

4. On the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of investors in the securities market: Federal Law No. 46-FZ of March 5, 1999. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_22219/

5. On the protection of consumer rights: Federal Law of February 7, 1992 No. 2300-1. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_305/.

6. On the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs: Federal Law No. 44-FZ of April 5, 2013. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/Cons_doc_LAW_144624//

7. On the privatization of state and municipal property: Federal Law No. 178-FZ of December 21, 2001 (as amended on April 1, 2019). URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_35155/

8. On Joint Stock Companies: Federal Law No. 208-FZ of December 26, 1995 (as amended on April 15, 2019). URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_8743/

9. National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020 (approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 12, 2009 No. 537). URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_191669/942772dce30cfa36b671bcf19ca928e4d698a928/

10. Economic security strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 (approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2017 No. 208. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_216629/1d8dcf5824d5241136fa09b9e9c672ac5d325365/

11. Vitruk N.V. System of personal rights. The rights of the individual in a socialist society. M.: Science, 1981. 272 p. (In Russ.).

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13. Gribanov V.P. Interest in civil law. Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo = Soviet state and law. 1967;(1):49-56.

14. Ioffe O.S. the Relationship on Soviet civil law. L.: Leningrad University Press, 1949. 144 p. (In Russ.).

15. Kovyazina N.M. Interest and subjective right: the ratio of legal categories. Zakon i pravo = Law and right. 2018;(09):60-66. (In Russ.). doi: 10.24411/2073–3313–2018–10141

DOI: 10.33917/mic-2.103.2022.5-38

Monetary policy is the most important instrument of economic growth policy, but the influence of any instrument may weaken or strengthen over time. We will designate this state as the cumulative effect of monetary policy. The purpose of the study is to determine the cumulative effect of monetary policy, with the identification of the effectiveness of its measures in ensuring the growth of the Russian economy. The methodology of the study consists of monetary theory, structural analysis of the money supply, the principle of «goals-tools» of economic policy and correlation and regression analysis, which allow to identify the presence of the cumulative effect of monetary policy, to determine its impact on relevant macroeconomic goals: GDP growth and inflation.

The result of the study is the application of the introduced indicators of the sensitivity of macro-policy goals to monetary policy instruments, representing a picture of the weakening of the influence of monetary policy on the growth of the Russian economy. The increasing monetization was accompanied, in particular, by a decrease in the growth rate of the Russian economy, the unfolding of a recession, the consequences of which affect the dynamics of economic development, while maintaining a tight monetary policy option – with an increase in the key interest rate. The structural analysis of the money supply for the M2 aggregate made it possible to identify those components that, with an increase, slow down growth and reduce inflation, as well as to determine the closeness of the relationship of the interest rate with the changing components of the money supply. The assessment of the cumulative effect of monetary policy on two goals of macroeconomic development – growth and inflation, and two monetary policy instruments – the M2 money supply and the key interest rate, confirmed the existence of a negative cumulative effect of the policy for the growth goal and a positive cumulative effect on the inflation rate. For two purposes at once, the positive cumulative effect of monetary policy is confirmed only for the period 2016-2018 in the interval 2001-2020. Thus, monetary policy, firstly, ensured the containment of inflation out of connection with growth, and secondly, provided different cumulative effects for different purposes – due to the different sensitivity of the target to the instruments.

The prospect of the study is seen in the creation of some kind of aggregated indicator that would allow taking into account the overall impact on the dynamics of the entire set of monetary policy measures, and not separately by goals and instruments, as presented in this study.

References:

1.       Glazyev S.Yu. A leap into the future. Russia in new technological and world economic structures. Moscow: Knizhny Mir, 2018. 768 p. (In Russ.).

2.      Glazyev S.Yu. Lessons of the next Russian revolution: the collapse of a liberal utopia and a chance for an «economic miracle». Moscow: Publishing House «Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta», 2011. 576 p. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.102.2022.30-39

The article studies a set of national programmes and federal projects directly and indirectly influencing human resourcing of the national programme for creation of a digital economy in the Russian Federation. It studies implementation criteria of the programmes and projects and changes in their quantitative indicators. It specifically focuses on implementation of main methodological approaches: programme goal, complex-based, process-based, systemic, and situational approaches as a basis for a hierarchy of the set of programmes and projects.

References:

1. On national goals and strategic objectives in development of the Russian Federation until 2024: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 07.05.2018 No 204 (ver. of 19.07.2018). Collected RF legislation. 14.05.2018. No 20. p. 2817.

2. On the Strategy for scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation: Decree of the President of the RF of 01.12.2016 No 642. Collected RF legislation, 05.12.2016. No. 49. p. 6887.

3. On the federal budget for 2020 and the planned period of 2021 and 2022: Federal law of 02.12.2019 No 380-FZ. Official website for legal information http://www.pravo.gov.ru. 03.12.2019. effective from 01.01.2020. International economic activities.

4. On approval of the government program of the Russian Federation «Development of education»: Decree of the RF Government of 26.12.2017 No 1642 (ver. of 30.11.2019). Collected RF legislation. 01.01.2018. No 1 (Part II). p. 375.

5. On approval of the government program of the Russian Federation «Economic development and innovative economy»: Decree of the RF Government of 15.04.2014 No 316 (ver. of 30.11.2019). Collected RF legislation. 05.05.2014. No 18 (Part II). p. 2162.

6. Description of the federal project «Regulatory control of digital environment» of the national program «Digital economy of the Russian Federation» (approved by the Executive Committee of the Government Commission for Digital Development and Use of Information Technologies for Improving the Living Standards and Conditions of Doing Business, Protocol of 28.05.2019 No 9), published online. URL: https://digital.gov.ru as of 09.07.2019

7. Description of the national project (program) «International cooperation and export» (approved by the Executive Committee of the Council on Strategic Development and National Projects attached to the President of the Russian Federation, Protocol of 24.12.2018 No 16). Not published.

8. Description of the national project (program) «Labour productivity and employment support» (approved by the Executive Committee of the Council on Strategic Development and National Projects attached to the President of the Russian Federation, Protocol of 24.12.2018 No 16). Not published.

9. Belous A.P., Lyalkov S.Yu. Vector of business development in the flow of the digital revolution. Banking. 2017; 10:16-19. (In Russ.).

10. Bodrunov S., Plotnikov V., Vertakova Y. Technological Development as a Factor of Ensuring the National Security, Proceedings of the 30th International Business Information Management Association Conference — Vision 2020: Sustainable Economic development, Innovation Management, and Global Growth. 2017. 8-9 November. Madrid. P. 66-74.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.102.2022.22-29

A series of facts of the economic life of any organization has its own history. The direct adoption of a management decision is preceded by a plan and planning based on the analysis of special economic operations in the area of interest to us. The article presents the types of logical stages, which, in turn, contain certain analytical events. The formulation of specific tasks that should be solved in economic operations involving the state (state property and obligations) in the interests of the state should be entrusted to the person making the management decision.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.102.2022.5-21

The article deals with the regulatory and legal grounds and the subject of development of the forecast for the development of fundamental and exploratory scientific research. Provisions, factors and conditions regulating the formation of this forecast have been developed. Proposals for the development of information and expert support of the forecast are formulated.

References:

1. Scenario conditions for a long-term forecast of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation until 2030 / Ministry of Economic Development of Russia. M., 2013. URL: https://institutiones.com/general/2373-klyuchevye-problemy-razrabotki-scenarnyx-uslovij.html

2. Mindeli L., Ostapyuk S., Chernykh S. Long-term forecasting of the development of fundamental science in Russia: methodological aspects // Society and Economics. 2017;10:5–22. (In Russ.).

3. Sidelnikov Yu.V., Minaev E.S. Technology of expert scenario forecasting. M.: MAI Publishing House, 2017.

4. Zubova L.G., Mindeli L.E., Motova M.A. et al. Methodological aspects of developing a long-term forecast of scientific and technological development / TsISN // Information Bulletin. 2004;6:31–74. (In Russ.).

5. Mindeli L.E., Ostapyuk S.F., Fetisov V.P. On the organization of long-term forecasting of fundamental and search scientific research // Economics and Mathematical Methods. 2019;55(1):56-67. (In Russ.).

6. Ostapyuk S.F. Conditions, stages, features and information support of the procedure for forecasting the development of fundamental and exploratory scientific research. Collection of articles on the results of the international scientific-practical conference «The state and trends in the development of science, technology and innovation». M.: IPRAN RAS, 2021. (In Russ.).

7. Makosko A.A., Abrosimov V.K. On forecasting the development of science as a task of weak artificial intelligence (conceptual approach) // Innovations. 2018; 9 (239):13–19. (In Russ.).

8. Pletnev K.I., Lazarenko N.E. Expertise in the scientific and technical sphere: methodology and organization. M.: Publishing House of the RAGS, 2003. (In Russ.).

9. Dushkin R.V. Why hybrid AI systems are the future // Economic strategies. 2018;156:84–93. (In Russ.).

10. Russell S., Norvig P. Artificial intelligence. Modern approach. 2nd ed. M.: Williams, 2006.

11. Marcus G. Deep Learning: A Critical Appraisal. New York University, 2017. Cornell University Library. URL: http://arxiv.org/1801.00631

12. Sokolov A.V. Foresight: a look into the future // Foresight. 2007;1(1):8–15. (In Russ.).

13. Novikov D.A., Chkhartishvili A.G. Active forecast. M.: IPU RAN, 2002. (In Russ.).

14. Belousov D.R., Frolov I.E. Long-term scientific and technological forecast: construction methodologies, contours of the technological future, development scenario // Foresight. 2008; 2(3):54-67. (In Russ.).

15. Website of the Council for Science under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. URL: http://sovet-po-nauke.ru/info/31012017-declaration_goszadanie