DOI: 10.33917/es-1.193.2024.126-131

The author examines the main activities of the State Defenсe Council (SDC) of the Russian Empire to ensure the defenсe potential at the beginning of the XXth century, in particular elaboration of a general plan for the state defence in accordance with requirements of that time and development of the provisions of the state military doctrine, which was accompanied by a major scientific discussion. Based on a large number of archival documents and materials, the stages of decision-making by the SDC and implementation of major measures to strengthen the defence capability of the empire are revealed. The author traces the ways of solving a very difficult task – strengthening military potential of the state in difficult conditions on the eve of the First World War.

References:

1. Stoletie Voennogo ministerstva [Centenary of the War Ministry]. Saint Petersburg, 1911, vol. 3, otd. 6, pp. 300, 301.

2. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy voenno-istoricheskiy arkhiv (RGVIA) [The Russian State Military Historical Archive (hereinafter RGVIA)]. F. 830, Op. 1, D. 11.

3. Kuzin V.V. Sovet Gosudarstvennoy Oborony v Rossii (1905–1909 gg.): Diss. … kand. ist. nauk [Council of State Defense in Russia (1905–1909): Diss. Candidate of… ist. sciences]. Moscow, 1950.

4. Russkaya voennaya mysl’: konets XIX — nachalo XX v. [Russian Military Thought: End of XIX — beginning XX century]. Moscow, Nauka, 1982.

5. Russkaya voenno-teoreticheskaya mysl’ XIX — nachala XX v. [Russian Military Theoretical Thought of the 19th century — beginning XX century]. Moscow, Voenizdat, 1960.

6. Strokov A.A. Vooruzhennye sily i voennoe iskusstvo v Pervoy mirovoy voyne [Armed Forces and Military Art in the First World War]. Moscow, Voenizdat, 1974, pp. 87–117.

7. Kozlov S. Voennaya nauka i voennye doktriny [Military Science and Military Doctrines]. Voenno-istoricheskiy zhurnal, 1964, no II, pp. 72.

8. Neznamov A.A. Sovremennaya voyna. Deystviya polevoy armii [Modern War. Field Army Actions]. Saint Petersburg, 1911.

9. Strokov A.A. Istoriya voennogo iskusstva [Armed Forces and Military Art]. In 5 vol. Moscow, Voenizdat, 1955, 1965, 1967 (vol. 1–3); Saint Petersburg, Poligon, 1994 (vol. 4, 5).

10. Zayonchkovskiy A. Edinstvo voennoy doktriny (opasnosti i uvlecheniya) [Unity of Military Doctrine (Danger and Passion)]. Russkiy invalid, 1911.

11. Frunze M.V. Izbrannye proizvedeniya [Selected Works]. Moscow, Voenizdat, 1984.

12. Zhurnal (no 10) Osoboy podgotovitel’noy komissii pri SGO [Journal (No. 10) of the Special Preparatory Commission for the CSD]. RGVIA, F. 2000, Op. 1, D. 346.

13. RGVIA [RGVIA]. F. 830, Op. 1, D. 168.

14. RGVIA [RGVIA]. F. 2000, Op. 1, D. 153.

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.193.2024.118-125

Current economic and geopolitical situation calls for the need to solve the problems of air transport accessibility in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation with maximum financial efficiency and in the shortest possible time. To this end, it seems expedient to use the existing fleet of An-2 aircraft, which have proven themselves to be simple and reliable in harsh Arctic conditions. Minor and inexpensive modifications to the airframe and power plant, application of a modern domestic flight navigation system and autopilot will make this aircraft even more in-demand and competitive.

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.193.2024.108-117

The article dwells on the author’s concept of implementing the industrial policy of the Russian Federation based on the principles of target-costing, behavioral economics and TBC-costing, permitting to increase the accuracy of planning the cost and price of cluster products; objectivity of settlements between participants of a single end-to-end technological process (USTP). In accordance with the proposed concept, theoretical foundations for implementing the industrial policy of the Russian Federation are developed. Methodology for forming the end-to-end cost of an industrial cluster, cluster-costing, is described, which, unlike the existing one, has a very high accuracy, which in its turn contributes to more efficient implementation of the industrial policy of the Russian Federation. The author presents a new method for conducting factor analysis of a clustercosting, which allows us to more accurately identify the reasons for deviations of the actual cluster-costing from the planned value, determine the responsibility of each USTP participant, including within the process, as well as obtain a fair mechanism for adjusting the cost of a cluster order. The article proposes an algorithm allowing to manage the cluster order for industrial clusters, taking into account the principle of fairness, which makes it possible to harmonize relationships in the chain “state – enterprises — participants in a single end-to-end technological process.”

References:

1. Federal’nyy zakon ot 29 dekabrya 2012 g. N 275-FZ “O gosudarstvennom oboronnom zakaze” (s izm. i dop.) [Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 275-FZ “On State Defense Order” (as amended and supplemented)]. Garant, available at: https://base.garant.ru/70291366/

2. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 2 dekabrya 2017 g. N 1465 “O gosudarstvennom regulirovanii tsen na produktsiyu, postavlyaemuyu po gosudarstvennomu oboronnomu zakazu, a takzhe o vnesenii izmeneniy i priznanii utrativshimi silu nekotorykh aktov Pravitel’stva RF” (s izm. i dop.) [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 2, 2017 No. 1465 “On state regulation of prices for products supplied under the state defense order, as well as on amending and invalidating certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation” (as amended and supplemented)]. Garant, available at: https://base.garant.ru/71825654/

3. Federal’nyy zakon ot 5 aprelya 2013 g. N 44-FZ “O kontraktnoy sisteme v sfere zakupok tovarov, rabot, uslug dlya obespecheniya gosudarstvennykh i munitsipal’nykh nuzhd” (s izm. i dop.) [Federal Law of April 5, 2013 No. 44-FZ “On the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs” (as amended and supplemented)]. Garant, available at: https://base.garant.ru/70353464

4. Federal’nyy zakon ot 31 dekabrya 2014 g. N 488-FZ “O promyshlennoy politike v Rossiyskoy Federatsii” (s izm. i dop.) [Federal Law of December 31, 2014 No. 488-FZ “On Industrial Policy in the Russian Federation” (as amended and supplemented)]. Garant, available at: https://base.garant.ru/70833138/

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.193.2024.100-107

The article examines the problem of sustainability of marriage unions in modern Russia. The author reviews the opinions of Orthodox theologians and sociologists on the causes of this phenomenon and identifies two main concepts: the crisis concept and the progressive one. It is argued that the common underlying cause of family destabilization is weakening of faith in the Triune God, manifested in selfishness, fornication, distorted ideas about gender equality, disorderly parental intervention and excessive concern with economic issues. As a conclusion, it is proposed to further develop Orthodoxy’s efforts to affirm the unsurpassed valu of marriage according to “once for a lifetime” formula and to reveal its deep relationship with the teaching of the Church.

References:

1. Aleksandra Romanova, strtp. Darite lyubov’ (Dnevnikovye zapisi) [Give Love (Diary Entries)]. Moscow, 2010, pp. 26, 27.

2. Preobrazhenskiy I.V. Otechestvennaya Tserkov’ po statisticheskim dannym s 1840–1841 po 1890–1891 gg. [The Russian Church According to Statistical Data from 1840–1841 to 1890–1891]. Saint Petersburg, 1901, pp. 65, 71.

3. Engel’s F. Proiskhozhdenie sem’i, chastnoy sobstvennosti i gosudarstva: Marks K., Engel’s F. Sochineniya [The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State: K. Marx, F. Engels. Works]. Vol. 21, Moscow, 1961, pp. 85, 118.

4. Materialy po statistike Leningrada i Leningradskoy gubernii [Materials on the Statistics of Leningrad and the Leningrad Province]. Vyp. 6, Leningrad, 1925, p. 202.

5. Dinamika naseleniya SSSR 1960–1980 gg. [Dynamics of the USSR Population 1960–1980]. Moscow, 1985, p. 44.

6. Chislo brakov i razvodov za god [Number of Marriages and Divorces per Year]. Rosstat. URL: https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/31566; https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/31604

7. Razvody: “uvazhitel’nye” i “neuvazhitel’nye” prichiny [Divorces: “Valid” and “Non-valid” Reasons]. Fond “Obshchestvennoe mnenie”, 2022, 14 iyulya, available at: https://fom.ru/Rabota-i-dom/14750

8. Rossiya i strany mira. 2016 [Russia and Countries of the World. 2016]. Stat. sb. Moscow, 2016, pp. 49–52.

9. Otnoshenie rossiyan k razvodam [Russians’ Attitude Towards Divorce]. VTsIOM, 2021, 11 avgusta, available at: https://wciom.ru/analytical-reviews/analiticheskii-obzor/ot-braka-do-razvoda-1990-2021

10. Ioann Zlatoust, svyatitel’. 9-ya beseda na 1-e poslanie k Timofeyu: Izbrannye tvoreniya: Sobranie poucheniy [9th Discourse on the First Epistle to Timothy:

Selected Creations. Collection of Teachings]. Vol. 1, Moscow, 1993. S. 352.

11. Georgiy (Shestun), igum. (vposl. — arkhimandrit). Pravoslavnaya sem’ya. Voprosy i otvety [Orthodox Family. Questions and Answers]. Azbuka, available at: https://azbyka.ru/deti/pravoslavnaya-sem-ya-voprosy-i-otvety-igumen-georgij-shestun

12. Osnovy sotsial’noy kontseptsii Russkoy Pravoslavnoy Tserkvi [Basics of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church]. M., 2019.

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.193.2024.93-99

The article dwells on relationship between the self-sufficiency of citizens and the self-sufficiency of socio-economic systems (hereinafter referred to as SES) at any level – from a company to a municipality, region and the state. It is shown that equal, self-sufficient states constitute the basis of a multipolar world. On the example of different countries, in particular the USA, it is shown that lack of self-sufficiency of citizens causes large external debt, the risk of reducing self-sufficiency of the state and, as a consequence, its destruction. Through the prism of self-sufficiency of citizens, the author shows the logical result to which Russian Federation is moving and to which it will arrive if it doesn’t change its monetary policy.

Based on her work experience as an expert, the author focuses on consciousness as an economic-cybernetic category and selfsufficiency as a reproductive (economic) function built into human nature to realize human potential.

References:

1. Bychkova N.Yu. Soznanie kak ekonomicheskaya kategoriya [Consciousness as an Economic Category]. Innovatsii i investitsii, 2022, no 12, pp. 22–29, DOI: 10.24412/2307-180X-2022-12-22-29

2. Ageev A.I., Batchikov S.A., Mityaev D.A. V poiskakh koda Pobedy. Za flazhki proval’nogo meynstrima [Searching for the Victory Code. Beyond the check marks of the failed mainstream]. Izborskiy klub, 2021, 17 noyabrya, available at: https://izborsk-club.ru/21924

3. Bychkova N.Yu. Evolyutsiya pravosoznaniya cheloveka. Smena paradigmy [Evolution of Human Legal Awareness. Paradigm Shift]. Ekonomika i parvo, 2022, no 6, pp. 78–85, DOI 10.37882/2223–2974.2022.06.04

4. Veduta N.I. Ekonomicheskaya kibernetika. Ocherki po voprosam teorii [Economic Cybernetics. Essays on Theory]. Minsk, Nauka i tekhnika, 1971, 322 p.

5. Glaz’ev S.Yu. Za gorizontom kontsa istorii [Beyond the End of History Horizon]. Moscow, Prospekt, 2021, 416 p.

6. Marks K., Engel’s F. Sochineniya [Selected Works]. Moscow, Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoy literatury, 1961, 858 p.

7. Bychkova N.Yu. Prikladnye aspekty upravleniya zakrytoy sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoy sistemoy na primere Kuby [Applied Aspects of Managing a Closed Socio-Economic System on the Example of Cuba]. Ekonomika ustoychivogo razvitiya, 2023, no 2(54), pp. 111–115.

8. Birzhevoy portal [Website], available at: https://take-profit.org/statistics/government-debt-to-gdp/

9. RIA Novosti [Website], available at: https://ria.ru/amp/20230329/dokhody-1861560152.html

10. Birzhevoy portal [Website], available at: https://take-profit.org/statistics/disposable-personal-income/united-states/

11. Veduta E.N. Mezhotraslevoy-mezhsektornyy balans: mekhanizm strategicheskogo planirovaniya ekonomiki [Interindustry-intersectoral Balance: Mechanism for Strategic Planning of the Economy]. Ucheb. posobie dlya vuzov. 2-e izd. Moscow: Akademicheskiy proekt. 2020, 239 p.

12. Zhukov N.I. Filosofskie osnovy kibernetiki [Philosophical Basics of Cybernetics]. Minsk, Izd-vo BGU, 1976, 224 p.

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.193.2024.86-89

The article identifies dynamics of the Eurasian concept, which is considered as the basic strategy for the positive development of Russia’s foreseeable future. The author shows that over the last century the national Eurasian model has been transformed in the process of actual socio-economic and political-ideological attitudes. Within classical eurasianism Russia is viewed as a special geographical and socio-cultural civilization that combines Western (Western European) and Eastern (Asian) stereotypes.

It is proved that in the process of the USSR development and formation of the “new” Russia, the theory of eurasianism with a Western European trend was being implemented. Since the second decade of the 21st century, in order to overcome the consequences of anti-Russian sanctions, the Russian Federation has been stimulating a national strategy of Eurasianism with an Eastern (Asian) orientation. However, by the middle of the 21st century in implementing the conceptual model of Eurasianism Russia will return, as suggested in the article, to a classical strategy based on a balance of Westernization and Orientalist ideas.

References:

1. Blekher L.I., Lyubarskiy G.Yu. Glavnyy russkiy spor: ot zapadnikov i slavyanofilov do globalizma i Novogo Srednevekov’ya [The Main Russian Dispute: from Westerners and Slavophiles to Globalism and the New Middle Ages]. Moscow, Akademicheskiy proekt, 2003, 608 p.

2. Chumakov A.N. “Filosofskiy parokhod”. 100 let bez pokayaniya [“The Philosophical Ship”. 100 years without Repentance]. Monografiya. Moscow, Prospekt, 2022, 456 p.

3. Zalozhnykh Yu.S. Slavyanofily i neoslavyanofily: problema soderzhaniya kategoriy v dukhovnoy praktike rossiyskogo obshchestva [Slavophiles and Slavophiles: the Problem of the Content of Categories in the Spiritual Practice of Russian Society]. Filosofiya i kul’tura, 2013, no 9, pp. 1212–1216.

4. Berdyaev N.A. Evraziytsy. Russkoe natsional’noe samosoznanie i “evraziystvo” [Eurasians. Russian National Identity and “Eurasianism”]. Moscow, T8, 2018.

5. Iskhod k Vostoku. Predchuvstviya i sversheniya [Exodus to the East. Premonitions and Accomplishments]. Pod red. P.N. Savitskogo, P.P. Suvchinskogo, N.S. Trubetskogo, G.V. Florovskogo. Sofiya, 1921.

6. Osnovy evraziystva [Foundations of Eurasianism]. Moscow, Arktogeya Tsentr, 2002, 800 p.

7. Lyuks L. Zametki o “revolyutsionno-traditsionalistskoy” kul’turnoy modeli “evraziytsev” [Notes on the “Revolutionary-Traditionalist” Cultural Model of the “Eurasians”]. Voprosy filosofii, 2003, no 7, pp. 23–34.

8. Shpotov B.M. Zapadnye istochniki industrializatsii SSSR (konets 1920-kh — 1930-e gody) [Western Sources of Industrialization of the USSR (late 1920s —1930s)]. Moscow, Institut vseobshchey istorii RAN.

9. Sipols V.Ya. Torgovo-ekonomicheskie otnosheniya mezhdu SSSR i Germaniey v 1939–1941 gg. v svete novykh arkhivnykh dokumentov [Trade and Economic Relations between the USSR and Germany in 1939–1941. in the Light of New Archival Documents]. Novaya i noveyshaya istoriya, 1997, no 2, pp. 29–41.

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.193.2024.84-85

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.193.2024.82-83

References:

1. Koshkin V.I., Kretov S.I. Osnovy politicheskoy ekonomii solidarizma [Foundations of the Political Economy of Solidarism]. Moscow, LENAND 2017.

2. Belyaev S., Koshkin V. Mozhet li ekonomika byt’ solidarnoy? Chast’ 1 [Can the Economy be Solidary? Part 1]. Ekspert, 2020, no 14, pp. 66–71.

3. Belyaev S. Retsept ot bednosti: vvesti sobstvennost’ rossiyan na vse prirodnye resursy. Kak preodolet’ vopiyushchee neravenstvo [The Recipe for Poverty: Introduce Russian Ownership of all Natural Resources. How to Overcome Gross Inequality]. Moskovskiy komsomolets, 2021, 20 maya, available at: https://www.mk.ru/economics/2021/05/20/recept-ot-bednosti-vvesti-sobstvennost-rossiyan-na-vse-prirodnye-resursy.html

4. Koshkin V.I., Kretov S.I. Solidarnaya ekonomika: Put’ v budushchee [Solidarity Economy: The Way to the Future]. Moscow, LENAND, 2018.

5. Belyaev S., Koshkin V. Mozhet li ekonomika byt’ solidarnoy? Chast’ 2 [Can the Economy be Solidary? Part 2]. Ekspert, 2020, no 15–16, pp. 38–43.

6. Belloc H. Essays of a Catholic. N.Y. Books for Librarian Press, 1967.

7. Chesterton G.K. The Outline of Sanity. Leipzig, Bernard Tauchnitz, 1927.

8. Duboin J. La Grande Relève des Hommes par la Machine. Paris, Editions nouvelles,1932.

9. Bellami E. Cherez sto let: Sobr. soch.: V°2 t. [After a hundred years: Collected Works: In 2 vol.]. Vol. 1. Moscow, Knizhnyy mir, Knigovek, 2018.

10. Laudrain M. La vie Française du socialisme. Paris, La Maison du Livre Français, 1963.

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.193.2024.76-81

References:

1. Koshkin V.I., Kretov S.I. Osnovy politicheskoy ekonomii solidarizma [Foundations of the Political Economy of Solidarism]. Moscow, LENAND 2017.

2. Belyaev S., Koshkin V. Mozhet li ekonomika byt’ solidarnoy? Chast’ 1 [Can the Economy be Solidary? Part 1]. Ekspert, 2020, no 14, pp. 66–71.

3. Belyaev S. Retsept ot bednosti: vvesti sobstvennost’ rossiyan na vse prirodnye resursy. Kak preodolet’ vopiyushchee neravenstvo [The Recipe for Poverty: Introduce Russian Ownership of all Natural Resources. How to Overcome Gross Inequality]. Moskovskiy komsomolets, 2021, 20 maya, available at: https://www.mk.ru/economics/2021/05/20/recept-ot-bednosti-vvesti-sobstvennost-rossiyan-na-vse-prirodnye-resursy.html

4. Koshkin V.I., Kretov S.I. Solidarnaya ekonomika: Put’ v budushchee [Solidarity Economy: The Way to the Future]. Moscow, LENAND, 2018.

5. Belyaev S., Koshkin V. Mozhet li ekonomika byt’ solidarnoy? Chast’ 2 [Can the Economy be Solidary? Part 2]. Ekspert, 2020, no 15–16, pp. 38–43.

6. Belloc H. Essays of a Catholic. N.Y. Books for Librarian Press, 1967.

7. Chesterton G.K. The Outline of Sanity. Leipzig, Bernard Tauchnitz, 1927.

8. Duboin J. La Grande Relève des Hommes par la Machine. Paris, Editions nouvelles,1932.

9. Bellami E. Cherez sto let: Sobr. soch.: V°2 t. [After a hundred years: Collected Works: In 2 vol.]. Vol. 1. Moscow, Knizhnyy mir, Knigovek, 2018.

10. Laudrain M. La vie Française du socialisme. Paris, La Maison du Livre Français, 1963.