DOI: 10.33917/es-6.204.2025.42-49

The objective criterion of management are not ratings and assessments, but results. Since “any modeling is carried out by humans and for humans” [1], we are talking about increasing the quality of people’s life in the relevant public legal entity (hereinafter PLE), including their safety, and about profits of the relevant corporations. For this, an information model of power is important, and it is important for managers to move from thinking in words to thinking in equations [1]. “Less pompous phrases, more simple everyday work and concern for a pood of bread and a pood of coal” [2].

References:

1. Glushkov V.M. Kibernetika. Voprosy truda i praktika [Cybernetics: Issues of Work and Practice]. Moscow, Nauka, 1986. 488 s.

2. Lenin V.I. Polnoe sobranie sochineniy [Complete works]. Vol. 39. Moscow, Izd-vo politicheskoy literatury, 1972, p. 23.

3. Shumpeter Y. Teoriya ekonomicheskogo razvitiya: Issledovanie predprinimatel’skoy pribyli, kapitala, kredita, protsenta i tsikla kon”yunktury [Theory of Economic Development: An Investigation of Entrepreneurial Profit, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle]. Moscow, URSS, 2024, 400 p.

4. Lange O. Vvedenie v ekonomicheskuyu kibernetiku [Introduction to Economic Cybernetics]. Moscow, Progress, 1968, 207 p.

5. Vanchurin V., Wolf Yu.I., Katsnelson M.I., Kooni E.V. Toward a theory of evolution as multilevel learning. PNAS, February 4, 2022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2120037119

6. Bychkova N.Yu., Kiselev V.G. Ustoychivoe razvitie upravlyaemoy sistemy kak rezul’tat evolyutsii upravlencheskogo kapitala [Sustainable Development of a Managed System as a Result of the Evolution of Management Capital]. Innovatsii i investitsii, 2025, no 7, pp. 180–184, DOI: 10.24412/2307-180X-2025-7-180-184

7. Glaz’ev S.Yu. Za gorizontom kontsa istorii [Beyond the Horizon of the End of History]. Moscow, Prospekt, 2021, 416 p.

8. Gusakov V.G. Doklad na Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii “Strategiya razvitiya ekonomiki Belarusi: vyzovy, instrumenty realizatsii i perspektivy”, 16 noyabrya 2023 g. [Presentation at the International Scientific and Practical Conference «Strategy for the Development of the Belarusian Economy: Challenges, Implementation Tools, and Prospects,» November 16, 2023], available at: https://youtu.be/tDQ5x6v1t-0

9. Bychkova N.Yu. Soznanie kak ekonomicheskaya kategoriya [Consciousness as an Economic Category]. Innovatsii i investitsii, 2022, no 12, pp. 22–29, DOI: 10.24412/2307-180X-2022-12-22-29

10. Zhukov N.I. Filosofskie osnovy kibernetiki [Philosophical Foundations of Cybernetics]. Minsk, Izd-vo BGU, 1976, 224 p.

11. Druker P.F. Effektivnyy rukovoditel’ [Effective Leader]. Moscow, Mann, Ivanov i Ferber (MIF), 2012, 240 p.

12. Bychkova N.Yu. Samodostatochnost’ cheloveka kak osnova samodostatochnosti sotsial’no-ekonomicheskikh sistem i mnogopolyarnogo mira [Human Self-Sufficiency as the Basis for Self-Sufficiency of Socio-Economic Systems and a Multipolar World]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2024, no 1(193), pp. 93–99, DOI: 10.33917/es-1.193.2024.93-99

DOI: 10.33917/es-2.200.2025.104-109

The article examines fundamental causes of fraud in the financial sector based on global practice and Russian experience in fighting cybercrimes. Growing indicators prove ineffectiveness of all measures taken, including restrictions imposed by states. The issue can be resolved only by turning to the alpha and omega of economic science — to a man or more precisely to a human capital, which the author in his previous studies, based on works of the Soviet cybernetic school, have defined not only as knowledge, talents and abilities, but also as directed thinking algorithms. These algorithms now have become the main object of appropriation. Banks, IT-corporations, telecom operators and fraudsters compete for them in order to control a person and induce him to transfer his financial resources or his data for their appropriation by fraudsters.

References: 

1. Rezul’taty ezhegodnogo vserossiyskogo sotsiologicheskogo monitoringa “Finansovaya gramotnost’ rossiyan — 2024” [Results of the Annual All-Russian Sociological Monitoring “Financial Literacy of Russians — 2024”]. Analiticheskiy tsentr NAFI, Moscow, 2024, available at: https://nafi.ru/upload/iblock/9bd/9bd4081

a5c55f503ab6610296892ed2a.pdf?utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fdzen.ru%2Fmedia%2Fid%2F5d41a1ee8da1ce00afb2d1e5%2F66c5dd22a7321d7404b4c06e

2. Alekseevskikh A. “Rodstvennik popal v bedu”. Novye skhemy moshennichestva i layfkhaki dlya rossiyan [“A Relative Got into Trouble.” New Fraud Schemes and Life Hacks for Russians]. Gazeta.ru, 2024, 6 sentyabrya, available at: https://www.gazeta.ru/amp/business/2024/09/06/19704493.shtml

3. Dornadula V.N., Geetha S. Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Machine Learning Algorithms. Procedia Computer Science, 2019, no 165, pp. 631–641, DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.01.057

4. Thennakoon A., Bhagyani C., Premadasa S., Mihiranga S., Kuruwitaarachchi N. Real-Time Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Machine Learning. 2019 9^th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence), Noida, 2019, 10–11 January, pp. 488–493, available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8776942; https://doi.org/10.1109/CONFLUENCE.2019.8776942

5. Bouch A. 3-D Secure: A critical review of 3-D Secure and its effectiveness in preventing card not present fraud. University of London, Londra, 2011, DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14201/ADCAIJ2016535561

6. Buell S. What is Securities Fraud 61 Duke L.J. 511. 2011–2012, available at: https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=OTE8FpMAAAAJ&citation_for_view=OTE8FpMAAAAJ:UebtZRa9Y70C

7. Pokida A.N., Zybunovskaya N.V. Razlichiya v povedencheskikh praktikakh po sokhraneniyu i ukrepleniyu zdorov’ya sredi rabotnikov umstvennogo i fizicheskogo truda [Differences in Behavioral Practices for Maintaining and Improving Health Among Mental and Physical Workers]. Zdorov’e naseleniya i sreda obitaniya — ZNiSO, 2022. № 9. S. 18–28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-9-18-28

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.193.2024.93-99

The article dwells on relationship between the self-sufficiency of citizens and the self-sufficiency of socio-economic systems (hereinafter referred to as SES) at any level – from a company to a municipality, region and the state. It is shown that equal, self-sufficient states constitute the basis of a multipolar world. On the example of different countries, in particular the USA, it is shown that lack of self-sufficiency of citizens causes large external debt, the risk of reducing self-sufficiency of the state and, as a consequence, its destruction. Through the prism of self-sufficiency of citizens, the author shows the logical result to which Russian Federation is moving and to which it will arrive if it doesn’t change its monetary policy.

Based on her work experience as an expert, the author focuses on consciousness as an economic-cybernetic category and selfsufficiency as a reproductive (economic) function built into human nature to realize human potential.

References:

1. Bychkova N.Yu. Soznanie kak ekonomicheskaya kategoriya [Consciousness as an Economic Category]. Innovatsii i investitsii, 2022, no 12, pp. 22–29, DOI: 10.24412/2307-180X-2022-12-22-29

2. Ageev A.I., Batchikov S.A., Mityaev D.A. V poiskakh koda Pobedy. Za flazhki proval’nogo meynstrima [Searching for the Victory Code. Beyond the check marks of the failed mainstream]. Izborskiy klub, 2021, 17 noyabrya, available at: https://izborsk-club.ru/21924

3. Bychkova N.Yu. Evolyutsiya pravosoznaniya cheloveka. Smena paradigmy [Evolution of Human Legal Awareness. Paradigm Shift]. Ekonomika i parvo, 2022, no 6, pp. 78–85, DOI 10.37882/2223–2974.2022.06.04

4. Veduta N.I. Ekonomicheskaya kibernetika. Ocherki po voprosam teorii [Economic Cybernetics. Essays on Theory]. Minsk, Nauka i tekhnika, 1971, 322 p.

5. Glaz’ev S.Yu. Za gorizontom kontsa istorii [Beyond the End of History Horizon]. Moscow, Prospekt, 2021, 416 p.

6. Marks K., Engel’s F. Sochineniya [Selected Works]. Moscow, Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo politicheskoy literatury, 1961, 858 p.

7. Bychkova N.Yu. Prikladnye aspekty upravleniya zakrytoy sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoy sistemoy na primere Kuby [Applied Aspects of Managing a Closed Socio-Economic System on the Example of Cuba]. Ekonomika ustoychivogo razvitiya, 2023, no 2(54), pp. 111–115.

8. Birzhevoy portal [Website], available at: https://take-profit.org/statistics/government-debt-to-gdp/

9. RIA Novosti [Website], available at: https://ria.ru/amp/20230329/dokhody-1861560152.html

10. Birzhevoy portal [Website], available at: https://take-profit.org/statistics/disposable-personal-income/united-states/

11. Veduta E.N. Mezhotraslevoy-mezhsektornyy balans: mekhanizm strategicheskogo planirovaniya ekonomiki [Interindustry-intersectoral Balance: Mechanism for Strategic Planning of the Economy]. Ucheb. posobie dlya vuzov. 2-e izd. Moscow: Akademicheskiy proekt. 2020, 239 p.

12. Zhukov N.I. Filosofskie osnovy kibernetiki [Philosophical Basics of Cybernetics]. Minsk, Izd-vo BGU, 1976, 224 p.