DOI: 10.33917/es-6.204.2025.56-63

The article presents the author’s approach to technological sovereignty based on data from the international assessment, conducted by the UN. The author proposes a concept for representing technological sovereignty in the form of three components (structural elements): information and communication security (digital security), infrastructural (logistics) security and scientific-technological security. To assess each component of technological sovereignty it is proposed to use the corresponding indicators, grouped in accordance with the author’s approach. In addition, the article provides the author’s analysis of countries that have achieved Goal 9 of the Sustainable Development based on statistical data, provided by the UN, and the corresponding threshold values for each indicator of the countries under consideration.

References:

1. Potaptseva E.V., Akberdina V.V. Tekhnologicheskiy suverenitet: ponyatie, soderzhanie i formy realizatsii [Technological Sovereignty: Concept, Content and Forms of Implementation]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, 2023, vol. 25, no 3, pp. 5–16.

2. Strategiya nauchno-tekhnologicheskogo razvitiya Soyuznogo gosudarstva na period do 2035 goda [Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Union State for the Period up to 2035]. Informatsionno-analiticheskiy portal Soyuznogo gosudarstva. 2024. 31 yanvarya, available at: https://soyuz.by/projects/dekrety-vysshego-gosudarstvennogo-soveta-soyuznogo-gosudarstva/postanovlenie-ot-29-yanvarya-2024-g-2-o-strategii-nauchno-tehnologicheskogo-razvitiya-soyuznogo-gosudarstva-na-period-do-2035-goda

3. Tseli v oblasti ustoychivogo razvitiya [Sustainable Development Goals]. OON. Tseli v oblasti ustoychivogo razvitiya, available at: https://www.un.org/ sustainabledevelopment/ru/infrastructure-industrialization/#tab-a971aadac89bd5b8b3a

4. The SDGS in action. UNDP, available at: https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals

5. Sustainable development report 2019, available at: https://s3.amazonaws.com/sustainabledevelopment.report/2019/2019_sustainable_development_ report.pdf

6. Sustainable development report 2020, available at: https://s3.amazonaws.com/sustainabledevelopment.report/2020/2020_sustainable_development_ report.pdf

7. Sustainable development report 2021, available at: https://s3.amazonaws.com/sustainabledevelopment.report/2021/2021-sustainable-development-report.pdf

8. Sustainable development report 2022, available at: https://s3.amazonaws.com/sustainabledevelopment.report/2022/2022-sustainable-development-report.pdf

9. Sustainable development report 2023, available at: https://s3.amazonaws.com/sustainabledevelopment.report/2023/sustainable-development-report-2023.pdf

10. Sustainable development report 2024, available at: https://s3.amazonaws.com/sustainabledevelopment.report/2024/sustainable-development-report-2024.pdf

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.204.2025.78-83

The article dwells on the change in the market index of the «Economic Strategies» (MIES) for eight months in 2025. Contribution of supply and demand indicators to MIES is assessed. Industrial production is analyzed.

References:

1. Informatsiya o nagrazhdenii Prezidentom RF razrabotchikov krylatoy rakety “Burevestnik” i bespilotnogo podvodnogo apparata “Poseydon” 4 noyabrya 2025 g. [Information on the Awarding by the President of the Russian Federation of the Developers of the Burevestnik Cruise Missile and the Poseidon Unmanned Underwater Vehicle on November 4, 2025]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/78394

2. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii. Yanvar’ — avgust 2025 goda [Socioeconomic Situation in Russia. January–August 2025]. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki, available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/osn-08-2025.pdf

3. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii. Yanvar’ — sentyabr’ 2025 goda [Socioeconomic Situation in Russia. January–September 2025]. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki, available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/osn-09-2025.pdf

4. Frenkel’ A.A., Tikhomirov B.I., Surkov A.A. Itogi strategicheskogo razvitiya Rossii v yanvare — aprele 2025 goda: ekonomicheskiy rost v usloviyakh zapadnykh sanktsiy [Results of Russia’s Strategic Development in January — April 2025: Economic Growth in the Context of Western Sanctions]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2025, no 4(202), pp. 108–113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es4.202.2025.108-113

5. Informatsiya o zasedanii Pravitel’stva RF 24 sentyabrya 2025 g. [Information about the Meeting of the Government of the Russian Federation on September 24, 2025]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Pravitel’stva RF, available at: http://government.ru/news/56304/

6. Prognoz sotsial’no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya RF na 2026 god i na planovyy period 2027 i 2028 godov. Sentyabr’ 2025 [Forecast of the Socio-economic Development of the Russian Federation for 2026 and for the Planning Period of 2027 and 2028. September 2025]. Ministerstvo ekonomicheskogo razvitiya RF, available at: https://www.economy.gov.ru/material/directions/makroec/prognozy_socialno_ekonomicheskogo_razvitiya/prognoz_socialno_ekonomicheskogo_razvitiya_rf_na_2026_god_i_na_planovyy_period_2027_i_2028_godov.html

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.204.2025.84-89

The article identifies the peculiarities of forming inflation expectations and corresponding savings strategies when purchasing everyday goods among different generations of Russians. Generational differences in economic behaviour are studied through methods of comparative, correlation and cluster analysis, as well as by content analysis of qualitative data on the motivation of consumer choice. A clear differentiation of consumer adaptation strategies to inflation and transformation of retail channels under their influence are established. The author recommends segmenting price policies and strengthening personalization of marketing communications, taking into account generational differences in the perception of economic risks, and using adaptive mechanisms for managing inflation expectations based on the intergenerational transmission of consumer preferences to develop effective anti-inflation and marketing strategies.

References:

1. Inflyatsionnye ozhidaniya Banka Rossii [Inflation expectations of the Bank of Russia]. Bank Rossii, available at: https://cbr.ru/analytics/dkp/inflationary_ expectations/

2. Demograficheskaya statistika Rosstata [Demographic Statistics of Rosstat]. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki, available at: https://www. rosstat.gov.ru/folder/12781?print=1

3. Iogolevich N.I. Potrebitel’skie predpochteniya rossiyan raznykh pokoleniy [Consumer Preferences of Russians of Different Generations]. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Sotsiologiya. Ekonomika. Politika, 2025, no 2, pp. 21–37, DOI 10.31660/1993-1824-2025-2-21-37, EDN: VGSNNU

4. Teoriya pokoleniy (X, Y, Z) v internet-marketinge [Generation Theory (X, Y, Z) in Internet Marketing]. VC.RU, available at: https://vc.ru/marketing/266386- teoriya-pokoleniy-x-y-z-v-internet-marketinge

5. Zavyalova E.B., Safronchuk M.V., Burzhinkaya A.E. The 4th industrial revolution and digital transformation: changes and challenges. International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 2022, vol. 16, no 2/3/4, p. 417, DOI 10.1504/ijepee.2022.126619. EDN XSHDRS

6. Fomina S.N., Khaymey G. Potrebitel’skoe povedenie rossiyskoy i kitayskoy molodezhi: sravnitel’nyy analiz [Consumer Behavior of Russian and Chinese Youth: a Comparative Analysis]. Sotsfilosofskie issledovaniya, 2025, Iyul’, available at: https://socph.ru/ru/2025/07/потребительское-поведение-российско/

7. Itogi-2024 dlya FMCG: sochetanie nesochetaemogo: Materialy kompanii Nil’sen [Results of 2024 for FMCG: a Combination of the Incompatible: Materials of the Nielsen Company]. Nil’sen, available at: https://n-df.ru/trendy-rynka/tpost/ik4x8yol31-itogi-2024-dlya-fmcg-sochetanie-nesochet?ysclid=mejxg1mc6y210504107

8. TsB: inflyatsionnye ozhidaniya rossiyan vyrosli do 13,1% [Central Bank: Russians’ inflation expectations have risen to 13.1%]. RBK, 2025, 17 aprelya, available at: https://rbc.ru/quote/news/article/680114e99a7947cef304e231

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.204.2025.90-99

Development of domestic enterprises producing high-tech products today is a key element in strengthening the country’s defence capability and the innovation potential of its economy. In the face of modern challenges high-tech technologies, scientific potential and highly qualified management resources of high-tech industrial enterprises are becoming the most important factors in Russia’s economic stability and security. The article examines management factor of the scientific resource of high-tech enterprises as one of the progressive potential foundations of sustainable economic development of Russia in modern conditions.

References:

1. Lopatnikov A.I. Ekonomiko-matematicheskiy slovar’: Slovar’ sovremennoy ekonomicheskoy nauki [Economic and Mathematical Dictionary: Dictionary of Modern Economics]. Moscow, Delo, 2003, 680 p.

2. Shkut’ko A. Teoriya pokoleniy po godam: A, Z, Y, X i bebi-bumery [Generational Theory by Year: A, Z, Y, X, and Baby Boomers]. Khalva-Media, 2024, 27 iyunya, available at: https://media.halvacard.ru/life/teoriya-pokolenii-po-godam#h_35721781529931719502001962

3. Astashova Yu.V. Teoriya pokoleniy v marketing [Theory of Generations in Marketing]. Vestnik YuUrGU. Seriya: Ekonomika i menedzhment, 2014, no 1, p. 108.

4. Mironova O.A. Teoriya pokoleniy kak fundament novoy paradigmy upravleniya chelovecheskimi resursami v usloviyakh postindustrializatsii ekonomiki [Theory of Generations as the Foundation of a New Paradigm of Human Resource Management in the Context of Post-Industrialization of the Economy]. Uchenye zapiski Sankt-Peterburgskogo imeni V.B. Bobkova filiala Rossiyskoy tamozhennoy akademii, 2020, no 1(73), p. 73.

5. Potekhin N.A., Potekhin V.N. O teorii marketinga novogo pokoleniya [On the Theory of Marketing of the New Generation]. AVU, 2015, no 9(139), p. 87.

6. Mishin S.I. Metodika upravleniya povedeniem potrebitelya [Methodology of Consumer Behavior Management]. Kreativnaya ekonomika, 2012, no 9(69), pp. 89–95.

7. Glavatskikh O.B., Sokolova I.H. Problemy i tendentsii innovatsionnogo razvitiya vysokotekhnologichnykh predpriyatiy v usloviyakh tsifrovoy ekonomiki: Aktual’nye voprosy ekonomiki i finansov: Sb. statey II Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Problems and Trends of Innovative Development of High-Tech Enterprises in the Digital Economy: In the Collection: Current Issues of Economics and Finance: Collection of Articles of the II International Scientific and Practical Conference]. Izhevsk, 2022, pp. 140–153.

8. Global’nyy dogovor OON [The UN Global Compact]. UN, available at: unglobalcompact.org

9. Blyum M.A. Tsifrovoe predpriyatie: novye tekhnologii — novaya organizatsiya biznesa [Digital Enterprise: New Technologies — a New Business Organization]. Vestnik nauchnykh konferentsiy, 2020, no 10-1(62), pp. 17–20.

10. Goncharova N.A., Makarova N.E., Sutulova Yu.O. Tsifrovye transformatsii v sfere upravleniya personalom [Digital Transformations in the Field of Personnel Management]. Nauka i biznes: puti razvitiya, 2023, no 6(144), pp. 109–111.

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.204.2025.100-107

Over the past five years, significant fluctuations in global nuclear energy production have been observed. From 2015 to 2022 its production growth slowed down and in 2022 a decline in production volumes was even observed. As a result, the share of nuclear energy in the global energy balance has significantly decreased over the past 20 years. However, the record energy price increases in 2022, coupled with climate change pressures, have prompted a number of countries to recognize the need to revive and develop the nuclear industry. The article analyses the consequences of the 2022 price crisis for the energy sectors of leading European countries, as well as the reasons that caused the change in the European Parliament’s position in respect of the nuclear energy. The main factors influencing development of the global nuclear energy at the present moment and determining its possible future development are identified. In addition, the article discusses the main players in the global nuclear energy market, examines position of Russia and Rosatom State Corporation therein and identifies new market segments with potentially high levels of competition in the nearest future.

References:

1. European electricity prices and costs. Ember, available at: https://ember-energy.org/data/european-electricity-prices-and-costs/

2. Cracking Under Pressure: Inside the Race to Fix France’s Nuclear Plants. Bloomberg, available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2023-01-28/ inside-edf-s-race-to-fix-france-s-nuclear-reactors

3. EDF Moves Back Into State Hands With a Multitude of Burdens. Bloomberg, available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-08/edf-moves-back-into-state-ownership-with-a-multitude-of-burdens

4. Nuclear Energy. Our World in Data, available at: https://ourworldindata.org/nuclear-energy

5. Electricity generation in Germany in 2023. Energy-charts, available at: https://www.energy-charts.info/downloads/electricity_generation_germany_ 2023.pdf

6. EU parliament backs labelling gas and nuclear investments as green. Reuters, available at: https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/eu-parliament-vote-green-gas-nuclear-rules-2022-07-06/

7. Technical assessment of nuclear energy with respect to the ‘do no significant harm’ criteria of Regulation (EU) 2020/852 (‘Taxonomy Regulation’). European Commission, available at: https://finance.ec.europa.eu/document/download/e8dce5a0-f1e3-4d5a-8566-0692d40a8d99_en?filename=210329-jrc-report-nuclear-energy-assessment_en.pdf

8. Nuclear Power and Secure Energy Transitions From today’s challenges to tomorrow’s clean energy systems. IEA, available at: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/016228e1-42bd-4ca7-bad9-a227c4a40b04/NuclearPowerandSecureEnergyTransitions.pdf

9. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. Congress.gov, available at: https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5376/text

10. Atomu nuzhny den’gi [Atom Needs Money]. Rosatomnewsletter, available at: https://rosatomnewsletter.com/ru/2024/01/27/nuclear-needs-finance/

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.204.2025.108-113

The article presents results of the Interdisciplinary Scientific Seminar «Mathematical Methods for Analyzing Complex Systems», which is held at the Faculty of Global Processes of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University and in the Sevastopol Branch of Moscow State University. The authors have managed to identify Russian civilization by constructing its value matrix through the method of paired comparisons (Saati method). The elements being compared were traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, listed in Decree № 809 of the President of the Russian Federation dated November 9, 2022.

References:

1. Sravnitel’noe izuchenie tsivilizatsiy: Khrestomatiya [Comparative Studies of Civilizations: A Reader]. Ucheb. posobie dlya studentov vuzov. Sost., red. i vstup. st. B.S. Erasov. M.: Aspekt Press, 1998. 556 p.

2. Bol’shakov V.I. Russkoy tsivilizatsii 4000 let. Ot Svyatoy zemli k Svyatoy Rusi [Russian Civilization is 4,000 Years Old. From the Holy Land to Holy Rus’]. Moscow OOO “Tertsiya”, 2024, 248 p.

3. Kochetkov V.V. Identichnost’ i kul’tura v sovremennykh mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniyakh [Identity and Culture in Contemporary International Relations]. Ucheb. Posobie. Moscow, MGU imeni M.V. Lomonosova, 2015, 320 p.; Lan’: elektronno-bibliotechnaya sistema, available at: https://e.lanbook.com/book/114605

4. Malkov S.Yu. Sotsial’naya samoorganizatsiya i istoricheskiy protsess: Vozmozhnosti matematicheskogo modelirovaniya [Social Self-Organization and Historical Process: Possibilities of Mathematical Modeling]. Moscow, LIBROKOM, 2009, 240 p.

5. Novikova L.I. Tsivilizatsiya kak ideya i kak ob”yasnitel’nyy printsip istoricheskogo protsessa [Civilization as an Idea and as an Explanatory Principle of the Historical Process]. Tsivilizatsiya, Vyp. 1. Moscow, Nauka, 1992, 231 p.

6. Kireevskiy I.V. Dukhovnye osnovy russkoy zhizni [Spiritual Foundations of Russian Life]. Moscow, Institut russkoy tsivilizatsii, 2007, 445 p.

7. Kirsanov K.A., Popova S.A. Istoriya i razvitie mirovykh tsivilizatsiy: V 4 ch. Ch. 1. Obshchie voprosy tsivilizatsionnogo razvitiya [History and Development of World Civilizations: In 4 Parts. Part 1. General Issues of Civilizational Development]. Moscow, Institut mirovykh tsivilizatsiy, 2024, 180 p.

8. Tolmacheva R.P. Tsivilizatsiya Rossii: zarozhdenie i razvitie [Russian Civilization: Origin and Development]. Moscow, Dashkov i K., 2018, 402 p.

9. Kornilov S.V. Russkie filosofy [Russian Philosophers]. Saint Petersburg, Lan’, 2001, 446 p.

10. Kravchenko P.P. Svyataya Rus’: istoricheskaya missiya, natsional’naya ideya, forma pravleniya [Holy Rus’: Historical Mission, National Idea, Form of Government]. Moscow, Filin”, 2019, 450 p.

11. Karamzin H.M. Zapiska o drevney i novoy Rossii v ee politicheskom i grazhdanskom otnosheniyakh [A Note on Ancient and New Russia in its Political and Civil Relations]. Moscow, Nauka. Glavnaya redaktsiya vostochnoy literatury, 1991, 127 p.

12. Il’in I.A. Rossiya est’ zhivoy organism: Russkaya ideya [Russia is a Living Organism: The Russian Idea]. Moscow, Respublika, 1992. 496 s.

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.204.2025.4-5