DOI: 10.33917/mic-2.121.2025.14-23

Globalisation, accompanied by the industrial leadership of «developed countries», is being replaced by regionalisation, which is built on conditions of equality and cooperation in common interests. The EU and the Eurasian Economic Union are illustrative examples of the international organisation of regional economic integration. In the context of changes in the architecture of the global technological system, the EAEU faces the task of deepening scientific and technical co-operation. On the agenda is the issue of reducing the level of import dependence in a number of types of finished products, the solution to these issues is associated with the involvement of research base: Eurasian technology platforms, the work of which is aimed at consolidating the scientific potential of the EAEU countries on the way to achieving technological sovereignty. The article analyses the organisation of scientific and technical cooperation in the EU in order to use this experience to solve problems and justify the prospects of scientific and technical cooperation and industrial cooperation within the EAEU.

References:

1. Decision of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council of 11.12.2020 No. 12: Strategic Directions for the Development of Eurasian Economic Integration until 2025. Effective date: 12.01.2021.

2. Platonova I.N. et al. International Economic Relations in the Global Economy: textbook for universities. Moscow: Yurait, 2023. 528 p.

3. Smitienko B.M. et al. World Economy in 2 Parts. Part 1: textbook for universities / edited by B.M. Smitienko, N.V. Lukyanovich. – 4th ed., revised. and additional. Moscow: Yurait, 2023. 216 p.

4. Ignatova O.V., Orlova N.L., Gorbunova O.A., Ason T.A. Global Economy and International Economic Relations. Workshop: Textbook for Universities / edited by O.V. Ignatova. Moscow: Yurait, 2023. 212 p.

5. Glazyev S.Yu. Problems of Development of Eurasian Economic Integration: How to Resolve Them? Eurasian Integration: Economics, Law, Politics. 2022; 3 (41). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problemy-razvitiya-evraziyskoy-ekonomicheskoy-integratsii-kak-ih-razreshit

6. Glazyev S.Yu. On Strategic Directions of Development of the EAEU. Eurasian Integration: Economics, Law, Politics. 2020;1 (31). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-strategicheskih-napravleniyah-razvitiya-eaes

7. Glazyev S.Yu. EAEU – EU: Prospects for a Comprehensive Economic Agreement. Eurasian Integration: Economics, Law, Politics. 2019;4 (30). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/eaes-es-perspektivy-vseobemlyuschego-ekonomicheskogo-soglasheniya

8. Glazyev S.Yu., Tkachuk S.P. On the Parameters of Economic Development in the EAEU until 2035. International Trade and Trade Policy. 2023;9(1):90–112.

9. Federal State Statistics Service. URL: https://www.gks.ru/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-2.121.2025.5-13

Approaches to ensuring the sustainability of the economic supersystem of Russia and Belarus in the event of a nuclear attack are formulated. The technology under consideration is proposed as an integral part of the infrastructural segment of the economic supersystem for work in the context of implementing complex special projects (operations) with the adoption of justified management decisions that fit into the boundaries of trust between the command center and the operational zone, focused on the priorities of the strategy for conducting the SVO.

References:

1. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. The world community in conditions of supercritical bifurcation. Management of complex organizational and technical systems in conditions of supercritical situations: Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference, Moscow, April 21-22, 2022. Moscow: Institute of Economic Strategies, 2022. pp. 9-12.

2. Ageev A.I. The role of sanctions, conflicts and special operations: reflections on the future. Part 1. Scientific Bulletin of the defense-industrial complex of Russia. 2023;4:66-74.

3. Ageev A.I., Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L. Russia in a supercritical situation: managing the restoration of life support functions to overcome the consequences of a natural macrodisaster. Economic strategies. 2021;23(5 (179)):28-35.

4. Makarov V.L., Ageev A.I., Bakhtizin A.R., Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L. Modeling the Consequences of a Nuclear Strike. Economic Strategies. 2022;24(4 (184)):6-16.

5. Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L. New Possibilities of Electromagnetic Pulse Attacks on Critical Infrastructure Facilities. Transformation of Modern Warfare: Proceedings of the III All-Russian Scientific Conference, Omsk, February 16, 2024. Omsk: Military Academy of Logistics named after General of the Army A.V. Khrulev, 2024. pp. 108-112.

6. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. New Great War: Chronicles of a Well-Forgotten Future. Economic Strategies. 2014;16(6-7(122-123)):16-33.

7. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. Strategic Predetermination of Special Military Operations in the World Supersystem. Economic Strategies. 2023;25(4(190)):6-19.

8. Ageev A.I., Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L. Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Implementation of Troop Command and Management of Civilian Facilities as a Single Hybrid Battlefield. Neurocomputers and Their Application: Abstracts of the XX All-Russian Scientific Conference, Moscow, March 22, 2022. Moscow: MGPPU, 2022. pp. 31-33.

9. Loginov E.L., Grabchak E.P., Epishkin I.I., Derkach A.K. Using quantum computing with the formation of a single computational space of ultra-large dimensions in the sphere of supplies of fuel and energy resources in the context of special period situations. Artificial societies. 2024;19(2).

10. Ageev A.I., Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L. Using supercomputer technologies to manage the work of ultra-large organizational systems in the implementation of complex special projects (operations). Microeconomics. 2024;1:5-10.

11. Makarov V.L., Bakhtizin A.R., Loginov E.L. Application of Economic and Mathematical Methods and Models of Optimal Planning in the Digital Economy of the Future (Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences and Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Prognostic Interpretation and Development of the Scientific Heritage of Nobel Laureates L.V. Kantorovich and V.V. Leontiev). Moscow: Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. 248 p.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.117.2024.18-26

The author defines a development institution in relation to domestic realities, and also provides a brief overview of the world experience in the functioning of development institutions. The author points out that until recently, Russian development institutions demonstrated a low degree of efficiency, which necessitated reforms in the area under consideration. However, the reforms did not fully solve the assigned tasks, since the foreign policy situation changed dramatically. It is concluded that the basis for low efficiency is insufficient attention to the relationship between the concepts of «institute» and «institution». The author offers a list of activities that are key to improving the situation in the field of development institutions.

References:

1. Kostin K.B., Khomchenko E.A., Burmistrov A.N., Melikova E.F. Foreign direct investment and transnational corporations as potential factors of economic growth of states. Economic relations. 2021;11(4):633–664.

2. GE Global Innovation Barometer 2018. URL: https://www.ge.com/sites/default/files/GE_Global_Innovation_Barometer_2018-Summary_Report.pdf

3. Mapping 500+ Development Banks Qualification criteria, stylized facts and development trends. URL: https://financeincommon.org/sites/default/files/2021-10/mapping-development-banks.pdf

4. SWFI Total Asset Ratings. URL: https://www.swfinstitute.org/fund-rankings/development-bank

5. Kuzenkova V.M. Concepts of development institutions: a retrospective analysis. Bulletin of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. 2020;17(1 (109)):40.

6. Monastyrsky E.A., Saklakov V.M. Classification of development institutions. Innovations. 2013;9 (179):65.

7. Sokolov A. Development institutions have failed innovations. Vedomosti, 02.03.2021. URL: https://www.vedomosti.ru/economics/articles/2021/03/01/859742-instituti-razvitiya

8. Botoroeva E. The effectiveness of development institutions will be assessed by 10 indicators. URL: https://www.pnp.ru/economics/effektivnost-institutov-razvitiya-ocenyat-po-10-pokazatelyam.html

9. Skolkovo approved a new KPI system and indicators for 2024–2026. URL: https://ria.ru/20231225/skolkovo-1917898633.html

10. Petrov A.N., Varlamov K.V., Komarov A.V., Matveev D.A. Efficiency of development institutions. Shift in the paradigm of development institutions in the medium term. Economics of Science. 2017;3(4):234.

11. Putin called for support for development institutions that fell under sanctions. URL: https://360tv.ru/news/vlast/putin-prizval-podderzhat-instituty-razvitija-popavshie-pod-sanktsii/

12. Inshakov O.V. Institution and institution: problems of categorical differentiation and integration. Economic science of modern Russia. 2010;3(50):26–38.

13. Deming W. Edwards, Out of the Crisis, The MIT Press, 1994. 524 p.

14. Towards harmonized management and measurement of impact: The experience of development finance institutions. URL: https://one.oecd.org/document/DCD(2021)30/en/pdf

15. OECD-UNDP Impact Standards for Financing Sustainable DEVELOPMENT OECD, UNDP 2021.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.117.2024.5-17

In the United States and China, in conditions of preparing for a major war, there is an intensive restructuring of not only the armed forces, but also the industry that provides military needs. The key trend is the development and implementation of civil-military merger strategies. The Russian experience in conducting Special Military Operation, including an analysis of NATO’s problems with providing equipment and weapons to Russia’s real and potential military opponents and countering these processes by the Russian defence industry, has actualized the problem of developing a new approach to organizational and strategic engineering in the Russian defence and civil industries and scientific-technical sector.

References:

1. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. Russia in the new economic reality. Moscow, INES, 2016. 460 p.

2. Ageev A.I. Dynamics and structure of global risks. Civil defense strategy: problems and research. 2013;3(2(5)):7–8.

3. Ageev A.I., Bakhtizin A.R., Makarov V.L., Loginov E.L., Khabriev B.R. Economic Foundation of Victory: a Strategic Forecast for the Russian Economy Stability in the Face of Sanctions. Economic strategies. 2023;25(3(189)):6–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-3.189.2023.6-15

4. Ivanov S. US military innovation. Infrastructure and projects. Mirtesen, 2021, September 15. URL:  https://s30116489994.mirtesen.ru/blog/43322544035/Voennyie-innovatsii-SSHA-Infrastruktura-i-proektyi

5. Kokoshin A.A. Military reform in China in 2015–2020: defense and foreign policy aspects. Moscow, ISPI RAN, 2016. pp. 39.

6. Ageev A.I., Kapustyan S.G., Korobkin V.V. State and forecast expectations for the development of the global robotics market. Artificial Intelligence. Theory and Practice. 2023;3(3):50–58.

7. Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L., Chinaliev V.U., Epishkin I.I. Management of the development of complex scientific and technical complexes based on intelligent digital platforms (implementation of the competencies of the USSR State Committee for Science and Technology in the digital economy). Moscow, Institute of Economic Strategies, 2023. 504 p.

8. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L., Efremov D.N. The State committee for Scientific-Technical Policy: center of network concentration of Scientific-Technical Ties in Key Knowledge Areas for Integrated management in the Science and engineering field. Economic strategies. 2014;16(8(124)):12–21.

9. Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L. Management of research, power engineering and electric power companies as elements of an integrated industrial technological complex: Instrument making in the 21st century – 2020. Integration of science, education and production: Sat. materials of the XVI All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference. Izhevsk: Izhevsk State Technical University named after M.T. Kalashnikov, 2020. pp. 16–21.

10. Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L. Formation of an integrated information environment for digital support of life cycle management processes of scientific and technical research and development in the Russian electric power industry: Modern information technologies. Theory and practice: Materials of the V All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. Cherepovets: Cherepovets State University, 2020. pp. 32–35.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.116.2024.5-14

The recent campaign to seize large enterprises from private property based on appeals from the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation to the courts is causing a mixed reaction in the public consciousness. On the one hand, the people have long been yearning for a review of the results of privatization – unfair, unreasonable and criminal. On the other hand, the statute of limitations for challenging acts of privatization of state property in the 1990s. has long expired, and their abolition looks like an arbitrariness of law enforcement agencies, grossly trampling on basic property rights, which are considered the basis of the current economic structure. Let’s try to figure out if this is so.

References:

1. Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated November 30, 1994 No. 51-FZ (as amended on March 11, 2024). URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_5142/

2. Analysis of the processes of privatization of state property in the Russian Federation for the period 1993-2003. Report of the Accounts Chamber. M.: Olita Publishing House, 2004.

3. Kleiner G.B. Managing corporate enterprises in transition economies. Economic issues. 1999;8:64 (In Russ.).

4. Kleiner G.B. Enterprise strategy. M.: «Delo» ANKh Moscow. 2008. 528 p.

5. Ouchi U. Methods of organizing production. Japanese and American approaches (brief translation from English). M.: Economics. 1984.

6. Glazyev S. Chinese economic miracle. Lessons for Russia and the world. M.: Iz-vo «Ves Mir», 2023. 406 p.

7. Kleiner G.B., Khabibullin R.I., Dementyev V.E. and others. Collective forms of management in modern economics. M.: Publishing House «Scientific Library», 2017.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-2.115.2024.5-22

The scientific article presents the advanced experience of leading foreign countries to activate innovation. It was established that mainly organizations for the development of innovation use direct and indirect support measures. The principles of activation and support of innovative activities in foreign countries are shown, the main tools for state stimulation and activation of innovation in foreign countries have been identified.

References:

1. Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated March 30, 2002 No. Pr-576 «Fundamentals of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of development of science and technology for the period until 2010 and beyond». URL: www.consultant.ru

2. «The main directions of the policy of the Russian Federation in the field of development of the innovation system for the period until 2010» (approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on 05.08.2005 No. 2473p-P7). URL: www.consultant.ru

3. Strategy for the development of science and innovation in the Russian Federation for the period until 2015 (approved by the Interdepartmental Commission on Scientific and Innovation Policy (protocol dated February 15, 2006 No. 1). URL: www.consultant.ru

4. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 4, 2023 No. 1789-r «On approval of a comprehensive scientific and technical program of a full innovation cycle “New composite materials: design and production technologies”». URL: www.consultant.ru

5. Kalinov V.V. Formation of the conceptual foundations of the innovation policy of the Russian Federation. Bulletin of Tomsk State University.2011;4(16):16-43. (In Russ.).

6. Bondarenko N.E. Innovative development of the Russian economy: retrospective analysis and prospects. International scientific journal “INNOVATIVE SCIENCE”. 2015;11:32-38. (In Russ.).

7. Ustinova L.N., Ustinov A.E. Modern problems of innovative development of an enterprise Russian entrepreneurship. 2018;19(2):432-444. (In Russ.).

8. Lavrinenko A.R. Diagnostics and directions of development of the innovative potential of scientific and technical entrepreneurship. Bulletin of Polotsk State University. Series D. Economic and legal sciences. 2022;12:35-42. (In Russ.).

9.Suglobov A.E. The essence of innovative activity of economic entities in modern conditions of economic development. Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2013;8:194-199. (In Russ.).

10. Kozhitov L.V., Zaporotskova I.V., Kozlov V.V. Promising carbon-based materials. Bulletin of VolSU. 2009-2010;10(4):63-84. (In Russ.).

11. Kolobkov A.S. Development of technologies for producing carbon fibers (review). PROCEEDINGS OF VIAM / TRUDY VIAM. 2022; 8 (114):123-131. (In Russ.).

12. Khasanova G.B. Principles of «Green engineering» – a promising way to solve the problem of environmental pollution with polymersю Bulletin of the Kazan Technological University. 2013;22. (In Russ.).

13. Rogov V.A., Shkarupa M.I., Velis A.K. Classification of composite materials and their role in modern mechanical engineering. Vestnik RUDN. Series: Engineering Research. 2012;2:41-49. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.114.2024.11-24

The paper examines the possible connection between technological and spiritual development, that is, in fact, between economic and non-economic factors of development. The purpose of the study is to identify the possibilities of the modern theory of technological development to explain the effect of the lag in technology development, taking into account the factor of spiritual development, and also to consider the mutual influence of the two types of development. The research methodology consists of the theory of technological structures, approaches to the analysis of technological choice, as well as the method of comparative analysis. The overall result is the conclusion that it is not possible to explain the decline in the level of spiritual development by an increase in the level of technological development. A diagram of the long-term institutional development cycle is obtained – the circulation of institutional forms of life organization based on the assessment of non-economic factors according to the ancient Chinese philosopher Sima Qiang. It reflects a change in preferences in agency relationships regardless of technological development and shows the determination of other factors of spiritual development. The given examples, in particular, of Nazi, pre-Nazi and post-Nazi Germany, also serve as an argument that the reverse determination of technological and spiritual development is not fair. The position has been put forward that both types of development still determine one another, that is, they show a positive relationship, and possible regression occurrences may have a nature unrelated to the sources of technology development. A general conclusion has been reached that the studies allegedly revealing the paradox of the lag associated with the difference in the time of the spiritual crisis for different countries are untenable due to many errors in the interpretation and schematic representation of technological and spiritual evolution identified in the study. A “pseudo-paradox” arises, and the real problem of the lag comes down to the fixation and emerging dependence at the level of technology and institutional-organizational structures, which does not allow overcoming this lag.

References:

1. Kleiner G.B. Economy. Modeling. Mathematics. Selected works. M.: CEMI RAS, 2016. 856 p.

2. Lvov D.S., Glazyev S.Yu. Theoretical and applied aspects of scientific and technological progress management. Economics and mathematical methods. 1986;5:793–804. (In Russ.).

3. Perez K. Technological revolutions and financial capital. Dynamics of bubbles and periods of prosperity. M.: Delo, 2011. 232 p.

4. Skobelev D.O. Mathematical model for determining the best available technologies. Competence. 2019;9–10:64–67. (In Russ.).

5. Sukharev O.S. Economics of industry, technology and intellectual firms. M.: Lenand, 2022. 304 p.

6. Sukharev O.S. Technological sovereignty: solutions at the macroeconomic and sectoral level. Microeconomics. 2023;2:19–33 (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.114.2024.5-10

The article discusses the problems of studying the structural and functional variability of the work of a digital “twin” of an organizational agent in resource supply systems from the point of view of reliability and safety indicators when implementing complex special projects. It is proposed to integrate means of detection and generation of signals characterizing the technical condition of infrastructure facilities of the super resource supply system by online processing (analysis and interpretation) of technical, organizational and economic information using supercomputer technologies with the development of applied measures for configuring the correct operation of elements (agents).

References:

1. Ageev A.I., Averyanov M.A., Evtushenko S.N., Kochetova E.Yu., Sivakov R.L. Digital transformation of national security in the context of global hybrid threats. Economic strategies. 2021;23(4 (178)):60-69. (In Russ.).

2. Ageev A.I., Bakhtizin A.R., Makarov V.L., Loginov E.L., Khabriev B.R. The economic foundation of victory: a strategic forecast of the stability of the Russian economy in the conditions of sanctions attacks. Economic strategies. 2023;25(3 (189)):6-15. (In Russ.).

3. Ageev A.I., Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L. The use of artificial intelligence in the implementation of command of troops and control of civilian objects as a single hybrid battlefield. Neurocomputers and their application. Abstracts of reports of the XX All-Russian Scientific Conference. M.: MGPPU, 2022. pp. 31-33. (In Russ.).

4. Ageev A.I., Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L., Chinaliev V.U. Digital platform for managing scientific and technological development in the space of economic cooperation. Economic strategies. 2023;25(1(187)):56-69. (In Russ.).

5. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. World community in conditions of supercritical bifurcation. Management of complex organizational and technical systems in conditions of supercritical situations. Materials of the international scientific and practical conference. M.: INES, 2022. pp. 9-12. (In Russ.).

6. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. New big war: chronicles of a well-forgotten future. Economic strategies. 2014;16(6-7):16-33. (In Russ.).

7. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. Special military operation as a strategic technology for choosing the future of Russia and the world. Economic strategies. 2023;25(5 (191):6-21. (In Russ.).

8. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. Strategic predetermination of special military operations in the global supersystem. Economic strategies. 2023;25(4(190)):6-19. (In Russ.).

9. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. Strategic trends of constructed economic reality. Economic strategies. 2012;14(10(108)):6-15. (In Russ.).

10. Ageev A.I. Economic security in the context of discriminatory sanctions. Scientific session of NRNU MEPhI-2015. Abstracts of reports: in 3 volumes. resp. ed. HE. Golotyuk. M.: MEPhI, 2015. p. 164. (In Russ.).

11. Batyushkin S.A. Preparation and conduct of actions in local wars and armed conflicts. M.: Moscow; KNORUS, 2018. 438 p. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.113.2023.5-13

The main markets under study, which continue to develop actively on mutually beneficial terms, are the markets of the countries of the European-Asian Economic Union (EAEU). Therefore, in the context of the refusal of the European Union (EU) countries from the work of European economic entities on the territory of the Russian Federation, the procurement of natural resources necessary for the needs of energy companies, the relevance of the formation of strategic goals, criteria for their achievement, the implementation of planned plans and specific ongoing activities in full, is an important task of governments in public management systems of all five countries of the union. To achieve the main strategic goal of the EAEU activity – to improve the standard of living of the population of the countries. It is necessary to ensure the joint development of three single markets: labor, goods and finance. The further successful solution of this problem is facilitated by the activities of the Single Customs Union, aimed at the almost unhindered movement of labor and goods within the borders of the Union countries. Such integration of the countries’ trade and economic activities makes it possible to significantly increase the trade turnover between the countries, attract labor resources, first of all, to the Russian Federation. However, there are also unresolved problems. For example, in order to strengthen the production and food integration of countries, it is necessary to introduce additional provisions into the mechanisms for regulating the export movement of goods. In order to carry out mutual attraction of finance in the form of investments on the territory of these countries, a single regulatory space is being created, which should include a standard.

References: 

1. Federal Law «On the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation» dated July 24, 2007 N 209-FZ. URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_52144/?ysclid=lnivwtgphd925897838
2. Zhokhova V.V. Social entrepreneurship: essence and concept. News of the Far Eastern Federal University. Economics and Management. 2015;1:85-98. (In Russ.).
3. Zhukovskaya I.V. Specifics of researching the service market using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. Microeconomics. 2020;5:93-98. (In Russ.).
4. Pyatanova V.I. Social responsibility of business and value creation. Microeconomics. 2022;3:57-62. (In Russ.).
5. Ragimkhanov A.V. Systematization of scientific approaches to the study of competitiveness of services: from theory to practice. / A.V. Ragimkhanov, I.V. Zhukovskaya. Microeconomics. 2022;1:75-78. (In Russ.).
6. Tolmachev Yu.M. The role and place of social entrepreneurship in the digital economy of the Russian Federation. Economic Sciences. 2023;5 (222):363-370. (In Russ.).
7. Website of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Republic of Tatarstan. URL: https://mert.tatarstan.ru

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.112.2023.16-22

The article examines the regional structure of investment in the development of renewable sources of electricity and the impact of the global energy crisis on its volume. Forecasts are made for the development of renewable energy based on the current state and the impact of the global energy crisis on the plans drawn up by the world community to achieve sustainable development goals. Structural changes in the global energy transition and, in particular, in the process of developing electricity generation based on renewable energy sources in the period from 2021 to 2022 are analyzed.

References: 

1. Energy Institute. Statistical Review of World Energy, 2023. URL: https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review
2. Includes data from Cedigaz. FGE MENAgas service. URL: https://data.subak.org/dataset/gas-trade-in-bcm
3. Novak A. The global energy crisis: who is to blame and what to do? //Energy policy. 2022;2(168):4-11. (In Russ.).
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5. Miles S., Collins G., Mikulska A. US Needs LNG to Fight a Two-Front Gas War, 2022. URL: https://www.bakerinstitute.org/research/us-needs-lng-fight-two-front-gas-war-0
6. Statistical Review of World Energy 2022. BP, 2022. URL: https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.pdf?ysclid=ln797a4qkg508696584
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9. IEA. World Energy Investment 2023. URL: https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-investment-2023
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