DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.22-33

The growing problems in managing export commodity flows associated with sanctions pressure and global market changes require active use of modern adaptive approaches to coordinating all participants in the commodity movement processes. The authors try to analyze the magnitude of tasks at the level of trade and transport interaction of the BRICS countries and distinguish the White Sea transport system as a nucleus for organizing alternative transport routes and their development based on the construction of modern multi-agent systems. The White Sea transport system will open up new opportunities for increasing competitiveness of the Russian economy and its mobility, taking into account all existing restrictions of geographical, economic and technological nature.

References:

1.Lyakhnitskiy V.E. Izyskaniya v ust’yakh r. Severnoy Dviny, proizvedennye v 1915–1916 godakh dlya sostavleniya proekta avanporta u gor. Arkhangel’ska: Trudy otdela torgovykh portov [Surveys at the Mouths of the Northern Dvina River, Conducted in 1915–1916 to Draw up a Project for an outer Harbor Near the City of Arkhangelsk: Works of the Department of Commercial Ports.]. Vyp. XLIX. Ministerstvo torgovli i promyshlennosti. Petrograd, Tipografiya M-va put. soobshch. (t-va I.N. Kushnerev i K°), 1916, p. 22.

2. Perechen’ porucheniy po itogam rabochey poezdki v Arkhangel’skuyu oblast’ 11 dekabrya 2023 g. [List of Instructions Following the Working Trip to the Arkhangelsk Region on December 11, 2023]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/assignments/orders/73379

3. Sovmestnaya deklaratsiya 14-y vstrechi ministrov sel’skogo khozyaystva stran BRIKS. 28 iyunya 2024 g. [Joint Declaration of the 14th BRICS Agriculture Ministers’ Meeting. 28 June 2024], available at: https://cdn.brics-russia2024.ru/upload/docs/

4. Strategiya ekonomicheskogo partnerstva BRIKS do 2025 g. [BRICS Economic Partnership Strategy until 2025], available at: https://www.economy.gov. ru/material/file/636aa3edbc0dcc2356ebb6f8d594ccb0/114813.pdf

5. Narushena morskaya torgovlya: Voyna na Ukraine i ee vliyanie na logistiku morskoy torgovli [Maritime Trade Disrupted: The War in Ukraine and Its Effects on Maritime Trade Logistics]. UNCTAD, available at: https://unctad.org/ukraine-in-focus/maritime-trade-disrupted

6. Kratkoe rukovodstvo po znaniyam “Odin poyas — odin put’”: Osnovnye punkty znaniy [Belt and Road Initiative Quick Guide: Key Knowledge Points]. Kitayskaya set’ “Odin poyas i odin put’”, available at: https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/p/86670.html

7. Ishekenova B. U Kazakhstana i Kitaya poyavitsya novaya zheleznaya doroga [Elektronnyy resurs]. LSM.kz, 2023, 6 iyunya, available at: https://lsm.kz/ kazahstan-i-kitaj-svyazhet-novaya-zheleznaya-doroga-podrobnosti

8. Boldachev A.V. Sobytiynaya ontologiya vs ob”ektnaya [Event-based Ontology vs. Object-based Ontology]. Khabr, 2022, 21 dekabrya, available at: https:// habr.com/ru/articles/706916/

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.122-127

Research object of the present scientific article is the most significant, technologically advanced branch of industry, remaining within the framework of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia, namely mechanical engineering. The purpose of this article is to analyze systematically the problem of providing impor t substitution, technological renewal and sustainable functioning of the most important industry, as well as to determine the main directions of its fur ther development in order to achieve technological sovereignty of the country in the context of a hybrid sanctions war declared by the United States and unfriendly countries. As a result of a comprehensive analysis, the authors deal with strategic problems and prospects for the development of mechanical engineering as a trend in the development of the industry and economy of the Russian Federation as a whole.

References:

1. Programma “Tsifrovaya ekonomika Rossiyskoy Federatsii” (utv. rasporyazheniem Pravitel’stva RF ot 28 iyunya 2017 g. N 1632-r [Digital Economy of the Russian Federation: Program. — Approved by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 28, 2017 No. 1632-r.], available at: http://static. government.ru/media/files/9gFM4FHj4PsB79I5v7yLVuPgu4bvR7 M0.pdf

2. Poslanie Prezidenta RF Federal’nomu sobraniyu RF ot 29 fevralya 2024 g. [Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation dated February 29, 2024]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: ht tp://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/50431

3. Peterburgskiy mezhdunarodnyy ekonomicheskiy forum. Sankt-Peterburg, 4–8 iyunya 2024 g. [St. Petersburg International Economic Forum. St. Petersburg, June 4–8, 2024.]. RIA Novosti, available at: ht tps://rio.ru/20240608/putin-2893212072.html

4. Prognoz sotsial’no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii na 2022 god i na planovyy period 2023 i 2024 godov [Forecast of Socio-economic Development of the Russian Federation for 2022 and for the Planning Period of 2023 and 2024], available at: https://www.economy.gov.ru/material/file/ d7f5f5dea44bda4c30d42aac04cc1fca/prognoz_socialno_ekonom_razvitiya_rf_2022-2024.pdf

5. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 15 iyunya 2023 g. N 988 “O vnesenii izmeneniy v postanovlenie Pravitel’stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 18 maya 2011 g. N 378” [Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 15, 2023 No. 988 “On Amendments to the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 18, 2011 No. 378”]. Ofitsial’noe opublikovanie pravovykh aktov, available at: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/ document/0001202306150033

6. Prognoz dolgosrochnogo sotsial’no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2030 goda (utv. rasporyazheniem Pravitel’stva RF ot 6 oktyabrya 2021 g. N 2816-r) [Forecast of the Long-term Socio-economic Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Pravitel’stva RF, available at: http://government.ru/docs/12582

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.34-41

The problem of food security is relevant for all regions of the world. Southeast Asia shows positive dynamics in key indicators of food security. However, systemic problems in the region’s agricultural complex still pose risks in terms of food availability for the whole population. Essential role in addressing this issue is played by international organizations and associations, primarily FAO and ASEAN.

References:

1. Revenko L.S. Parametry i riski prodovol’stvennoy bezopasnosti [Food Security Parameters and Risks]. Mezhdunarodnye protsessy, 2015, no 2, pp. 6–20.

2. Komitet po vsemirnoy prodovol’stvennoy bezopasnosti. Terminy i terminologiya [Committee on World Food Security. Terms and Terminology]. FAO OON, available at: http://www.fao.org/3/MD776R/MD776R.pdf

3. Polozhenie del v oblasti prodovol’stvennoy bezopasnosti i pitaniya v mire — 2024. Preobrazovanie prodovol’stvennykh sistem dlya obespecheniya finansovoy dostupnosti zdorovogo pitaniya [The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024: Transforming Food Systems to Ensure Affordability of Healthy Diets]. FAO, MFSR, YuNISEF, VPP i VOZ. Rim, 2024, 286 p.

4. Revenko L.S., Soldatenkova O.I., Revenko N.S. Global’naya prodovol’stvennaya problema: novye vyzovy dlya mira i Rossii [Global Food Problem: New Challenges for the World and Russia]. Ekonomika. Nalogi. Pravo, 2022, vol. 15, pp. 54–65.

5. Deryugina I.V. Prodovol’stvennaya bezopasnost’ v stranakh Yugo-Vostochnoy Azii [Food Security in Southeast Asian Countries]. Yugo-Vostochnaya Aziya: aktual’nye problemy razvitiya, 2019, no 2, pp. 82–93.

6. Burova E.S. Agrarnyy sektor V’etnama na pereput’e dorog: dostizheniya, problemy i perspektivy [Vietnam’s Agricultural Sector at a Crossroads: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects]. Nezavisimyy V’etnam: natsional’nye interesy i tsennosti, 2021, pp. 100–115.

7. Regional’naya konferentsiya FAO dlya Azii i Tikhogo okeana [FAO Regional Conference for Asia and the Pacific]. FAO OON, available at: https:// openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/447485fe-232c-4506-9a31-42b17be0f357/content

8. Doklad o rabote tridtsat’ sed’moy sessii Regional’noy konferentsii dlya Azii i Tikhogo okeana [Report of the Thirty-seventh Session of the Regional Conference for Asia and the Pacific]. FAO OON, available at: https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/35db5339-13b0-44c3-9e21- 81bf9faf4de6/content

9. Laborde D., Torero M. Modeling actions for transforming agrifood systems. In: J. von Braun, K. Afsana, L.O. Fresco & M.H.A. Hassan, eds. Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation. Cham, Switzerland, Springer International Publishing. 2023. P. 105–132. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 031-15703-5_7

10. Desker B., Caballero-Anthony M., Teng P. Thought/issues paper on ASEAN food security: Towards a more comprehensive framework. ERIA Discussion Paper Series, available at: https://www.eria.org/ERIA-DP-2013-20.pdf

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.128-135

According to Rosstat, in 2024, the total fer tility rate decreased by 2.3% compared to the previous year — from 8.6‰ in 2023 to 8.4‰ in 2024. Operational data for January-March 2025 also record a decrease in the bir th rate: the rate for the first three months was 8.0‰, which is 3.6% less than the same period in the previous year (for reference: January-March 2024 — 8.3‰). State authorities are actively developing and implementing new measures for providing full reproduction of the country’s population. In this regard, close attention is paid to the issues of the ef fectiveness of the demographic policy being implemented in the area of birth rate, which determines the usefulness and high practical significance of the proposed approach to measuring the impact of federal maternal (family) capital for the first child on bir th rate.

References:

1. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 7 maya 2024 g. N 309 “O natsional’nykh tselyakh razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2030 goda i na perspektivu do 2036 goda” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2024 No. 309 “On the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030 and for the Perspective up to 2036”]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: ht tp://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/50542

2. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 2 iyulya 2021 g. N 400 “O Strategii natsional’noy bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 2, 2021 No. 400 “On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation”]. Garant, available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/401325792/

3. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 9 noyabrya 2022 g. N 809 “Ob utverzhdenii Osnov gosudarstvennoy politiki po sokhraneniyu i ukrepleniyu traditsionnykh rossiyskikh dukhovno-nravstvennykh tsennostey” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 9, 2022 No. 809 “On Approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values”]. Garant, available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/405579061/?ysclid=m58csbjseu924993873

4. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 23 yanvarya 2024 g. N 63 “O merakh sotsial’noy podderzhki mnogodetnykh semey” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 23, 2024 No. 63 “On Measures of Social Support for Large Families”]. Konsul’tantPlyus, available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_467710/?ysclid=m58ctrze32536168260

5. Strategiya deystviy po realizatsii semeynoy i demograficheskoy politiki, podderzhke mnogodetnosti v Rossiyskoy Federatsii do 2036 goda (proekt) [Strategy of Actions for the Implementation of Family and Demographic Policy, Support for Large Families in the Russian Federation until 2036 (draft)]. Ministerstvo truda i sotsial’noy zashchity RF, available at: https://mintrud.gov.ru/ministry/programms/11?ysclid=m58cvzb6bg388401477

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.42-47

In recent years, relations between Russia and China have reached a new level and received the status of a “comprehensive partnership”. This fact is confirmed by the trade indicators between Russia and China, as well as export and import indicators in the period from 2021 to 2024. However, against the background of the introduction of secondary sanctions by the US and the EU in August 2024 against Russian business partners, Russia and China are forced to look for alternative methods of financial settlements for mutual trade operations, since the previously used methods have ceased to work. New methods of financial settlements today include: settlements through regional banks of China, through third-party intermediaries, the use of cryptocurrency, as well as by opening a foreign branch in the territory of the Russian Federation. However, mediation turned out to be the most acceptable method.

References:

1. Timofeev I.N. Vtorichnye sanktsii SShA na rossiyskom napravlenii: opyt empiricheskogo analiza [US Secondary Sanctions on Russia: An Empirical Analysis]. Sravnitel’naya politika, 2024, vol. 15, no 1, pp. 95–114, available at: https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/vtorichnyesanktsii-ssha-na-rossiyskom-napravlenii-opyt-empiricheskogo-analiza/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.46272/2221-3279-2024-1-15-95-114

2. Jay Si. 美国制裁背景下，中国企业涉俄金属采矿业务的风险与应对. Zhong Lun Law Firm, USA, 2024, available at: 美国制裁背景下，中国企业涉俄金属采矿业务的风险与应对. Lexology.

3. Tsyplakov S. Ob osnovnykh trendakh razvitiya torgovli Rossii i Kitaya [On the Main Trends in the Development of Trade between Russia and China]. Rossiyskiy sovet po mezhdunarodnym delam, 2024, 13 sentyabrya, available at: https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/ob-osnovnykhtrendakh-razvitiya-torgovli-rossii-i-kitaya/

4. Petrov E., Slovesnyy I. Rossiya i Kitay nachali aktivno iskat’ novye instrumenty raschetov [Russia and China have begun Actively Searching for New Payment Instruments]. Delovoy Peterburg, 2024, 26 avgusta, available at: https://www.dp.ru/a/2024/08/26/rossija-i-kitaj-nachali-aktivno

5. 基于企业视角的中俄贸易跨境人民币结算问题研究，作者：张玉雷， 2023年第21期，年期卷6

6. Inostrannym bankam s 1 sentyabrya 2024 goda razreshat otkryvat’ filialy v Rossii [Foreign Banks will be Allowed to Open Branches in Russia from September 1, 2024]. Ministerstvo finansov RF, 2024, 25 iyulya, available at: https://minfin.gov.ru/ru/press-center/?id_4=39192-inostrannym_bankam_s_1_sentyabrya_2024_ goda_razreshat_otkryvat_filialy_v_rossii&ysclid=m2ltuy58kc61754410

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.136-144

The article dwells on priorities and effects of creating and developing university campuses in the leading regions of the Russian Federation. The area of results application — recommended measures within the framework of implementing key economic strategies can be reflected in the state management practice of regional development, given the improvement of educational process quality on campuses. Scientific novelty lies in structuring the best regional practice of creating campuses for their successful development in the Russian university education system. Conclusions – maintaining economic balance of interests between state priorities in the field of university education and target guidelines for involving investors’ funds in projects of creating campuses in the regions of Russia serves as a tool for more effective stewardship of resources for managing regional potential in order to achieve technological sovereignty in the country.

References:

1. Maksimova K.A., Korenev V.I. Gradostroitel’nye aspekty razmeshcheniya universitetskikh kampusov v g. Tomske [Urban Planning Aspects of University Campuses in Tomsk]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta, 2022, vol. 24, no 1, pp. 137–149.

2. Natsional’nyy proekt “Nauka i universitety” [National Project “Science and Universities”]. Minobrnauki Rossii, available at: https://minobrnauki.gov.ru/nac_project/

3. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 29 marta 2019 g. N 377 “Ob utverzhdenii gosudarstvennoy programmy Rossiyskoy Federatsii ‘Nauchno-tekhnologicheskoe razvitie Rossiyskoy Federatsii’” (s izm. i dop.) [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 377 dated March 29, 2019 “On Approval of the State Program of the Russian Federation ‘Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation’” (with amendments and additions)]. Garant, available at. https://base.garant.ru/72216664/

4. Procampus [Website]. URL. https://prokampus.rf/campus/view?id=5

5. Belitskaya A.V., Kukharenko L.V. Kompleksnoe razvitie territorii kak pravovoy instrument gosudarstvenno-chastnogo partnerstva [Integrated Development of the Territory as a Legal Instrument of Public-private Partnership]. Yurist, 2023, no 2, pp. 27–32.

6. Lysov P.G. Organizatsionno-ekonomicheskiy mekhanizm funktsionirovaniya mezhvuzovskogo kampusa [Organizational and Economic Mechanism of Functioning of the Interuniversity Campus]. Kreativnaya ekonomika, 2022, vol. 16, no 12, pp. 5005–5024, DOI: 10.18334/ce.16.12.116651

7. Kicherova M.N., Kyrov D.N., Shelemekha K.S. Na puti k mezhvuzovskim kampusam: zelenoe deklarirovanie i real’nye ekologicheskie praktiki studencheskoy molodezhi [On the Way to Interuniversity Campuses: Green Declaration and Real Environmental Practices of Students]. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii, 2023, vol. 32, no 11, pp. 77–94, DOI: 10.31992/0869-3617-2023-32-11-77-94

8. Leyman E.N., Lozenko V.K. Mekhanizmy povysheniya investitsionnoy privlekatel’nosti imushchestvennogo kompleksa vuza i puti ikh formirovaniya [Mechanisms for Increasing the Investment Attractiveness of the University’s Property Complex and Ways of Their Formation]. Nauchnyy zhurnal NIU ITMO. (Seriya: Ekonomika i ekologicheskiy menedzhment). 2019. № 1. S. 102–111.

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.48-57

The article examines the issues of identifying the amount of the software’s functional obsolescence within the cost approach framework. It is shown that methodology for calculating the functional depreciation of the software in Russia has not been developed, and this causes the difficulties in assessing the cost of software products.

As a result, the authors propose a multifactor model for assessing the software functional depreciation.

References:

1. Federal’nyy standart bukhgalterskogo ucheta FSBU 6/2020 (utv. prikazom Minfina ot 17 sentyabrya 2020 g. N 204n) [Federal Accounting Standard FSBU 6/2020 (Approved by the order of the Ministry of Finance dated September 17, 2020 No. 204n)]. Ministerstvo finansov RF, available at: https://minfin.gov.ru/ru/ document/?id_4=133537-

2. Mezhdunarodnyy standart finansovoy otchetnosti (IAS) 36 “Obestsenenie aktivov» (vveden v deystvie na territorii RF prikazom Minfina Rossii ot 28 dekabrya 2015 g. N 217n; v red. ot 14 dekabrya 2020 g.) [International Financial Reporting Standard (IAS) 36 “Impairment of Assets” (Introduced in the Territory of the Russian Federation by the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 28, 2015 No. 217n; as amended on December 14, 2020)]. Ministerstvo finansov RF, available at: https://minfin.gov.ru/ru/document?id_4=15327-mezhdunarodnyi_standart_finansovoi_otchetnosti_ias_36_obestsenenie_aktivov

3. Bartels B., Ermel U., Sandborn P., Pecht M.G. Strategies to the Prediction, Mitigation and Management of Product Obsolescence, 2012, Wiley, pp. 4–26.

4. Statista [Website]. Portal statisticheskikh dannykh, available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/871513/worldwide-data-created/

5. Directive 2012/19/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Official Journal of the European Union, available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32012L0019&from=EN

6. Prikaz Minprirody Rossii ot 11 iyunya 2021 g. N 399 “Ob utverzhdenii trebovaniy pri obrashchenii s gruppami odnorodnykh otkhodov I–V klassov opasnosti” (zaregistr. v Minyuste Rossii 30 noyabrya 2021 g. N 66097) [Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated June 11, 2021 No. 399 “On Approval of Requirements for Handling Groups of Homogeneous waste of I-V Hazard Classes” (Registered in the Ministry of Justice of Russia on November 30, 2021 No. 66097)]. Konsul’tantPlyus, available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_402074/

7. Prikaz Minprirody 4 aprelya 2023 g. N 173 “O vnesenii izmeneniy v Trebovaniya pri obrashchenii s gruppami odnorodnykh otkhodov I–V klassov opasnosti, utverzhdennye prikazom Ministerstva prirodnykh resursov i ekologii Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 11 iyunya 2021 g. N 399” [Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation dated April 4, 2023 No. 173 “On Amendments to the Requirements for Handling Groups of Homogeneous Waste of Hazard Classes I–V, Approved by Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation dated June 11, 2021 No. 399”]. Ofitsial’noe opublikovanie pravovykh aktov, available at: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/document/0001202305290049

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.201.2025.66-76

In the proposed material, the author presents a very favourable forecast for the appraisal industry development, based on wide opportunities opened up by the use of artificial intelligence and other digital technologies. For Russian conditions, the priority is to improve the quality of appraiser services. For these purposes, a new version of the Law on Appraisal Activities was adopted in the first reading. Overall, the past year was successful for the appraisal industry. The article briefly analyzes the state of the valuation market segments from the future prospects point of view. At the same time, the author points out that such a phenomenon as global turbulence can cause radical changes in the economy. Therefore, the main strategic task of companies is to achieve the maximum degree of sustainability in understanding resilience.

References:

1. Clemons D. The Future of Appraisal Management. Gosourceval, January 14, 2025, available at: https://gosourceval.com/appraisal-management-trends/

2. The future of the appraisal industry: trends and predictions. Appraisal Partners, December 29, 2024, available at: https://www.appraisalpartners.com/thefuture-of-the-appraisal-industry-trends-and-predictions/

3. Novye metody uluchsheniya kachestva otsenochnykh uslug: zakonodatel’nyy aspekt [New methods of improving the quality of appraisal services: legislative aspect]. NIK Otsenka, available at: https://nikocenka.ru/akcii_i_novosti/novye_metody_uluchsheniya_kachestva_ocenochnyh_uslug-_zakonodatelnyj_aspekt

4. Otsenshchiki ne mogut ostavat’sya v storone ot razvitiya sovremennykh tekhnologiy [Appraisers cannot remain aloof from the modern technologies development]. Kommersant””, 2024, 29 avgusta, available at: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/6906381

5. Kakie izmeneniya proizoshli na rynke otsenki za god [What changes have occurred in the appraisal market over the year?]. Soyuz, available at: https:// srosoyz.ru/01.01.02.01/1552

6. Zarplaty rastut, lyudey net. Kak i pochemu Rossiya okazalas’ v lovushke kadrovogo goloda [Salaries are growing, but there are no people. How and why Russia found itself trapped in a personnel shortage]. Sekret firmy, 2024, 4 fevralya, available at: https://secretmag.ru/survival/rossiya-okazalas-v-lovushkekadrovogo-goloda.htm/

7. Kadrovyy golod v Rossii udvoitsya k 2029 godu [Russia’s labour shortage to double by 2029]. Finansy, 2025, 14 aprelya, available at: https://finance.mail. ru/2025-04-14/kadrovyy-golod-v-rossii-udvoitsya-k-2029-godu-65716697/

8. Rost IPO na fone kadrovogo goloda [IPO growth amid personnel shortage]. Kommersant””, 2024, 29 avgusta, available at: https://www.kommersant.ru/ doc/6892955

9. Rost rynka otsenki: kak izmeneniya v zakonodatel’stve, kadrovyy golod i novye tekhnologii sposobstvovali dinamike v otrasli v 2024 godu [Appraisal market growth: how legislative changes, labour shortages and new technologies have contributed to the industry dynamics in 2024]. Tsentr Analitik, 2024, 15 dekabrya, available at: https://analitik77.ru/rost-rynka-ocenki-kak-izmenenija-v-zakonodatelstve-i-kadrovyj-golod-i-novye-tehnologii-sposobstvovali-dinamikev-otrasli-v-2024-godu/