DOI: 10.33917/es-2.206.2026.52-57

China’s labour market is experiencing dual structural pressure caused by accelerated economy digitalization and the deepening population aging. On the one hand, technological progress is transforming professions, stimulating growth of the gig economy and changing work values. On the other hand, decline in the share of young workers and growing number of elderly citizens are creating staff shortage and increasing productivity requirements. The present article analyses combined impact of these trends, examines adaptation mechanisms at the enterprise and public policy levels and draws conclusions about transformation of the labour market towards greater flexibility, automation and increased human capital value.

References:

1. Mozias P.M. Ekonomika Kitaya: novye trevogi [China’s Economy: New Concerns]. *Obshchestvo i gosudarstvo v Kitae,* 2015, no 18-2, pp. 558—599.

2. Karnyushkova M.M. Transformatsiya rynka truda pod vozdeystviem tsifrovykh tekhnologiy: Aktual’nye voprosy ekonomiki i informatsionnykh tekhnologiy: Cb. materialov dokladov 61-y nauchnoy konferentsii aspirantov, magistrantov i studentov BGUIR. Minsk, 20—25 aprelya 2025 g. [Transformation of the Labor Market Under the Influence of Digital Technologies: Current Issues in Economics and Information Technology: Collection of Papers from the 61st Scientific Conference of Postgraduate, Master’s, and Undergraduate Students of BSUIR. Minsk, April 20—25, 2025.]. Belorusskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet informatiki i radioelektroniki. Minsk, 2025, pp. 536—540.

3. Dong-Jin Lee, Jae H. Pae, Y.H. Wong. A model of close business relationships in China (guanxi). *European Journal of Marketing,* 2001, vol. 35, iss. 1/2, pp. 51—69, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560110363346

4. Belokrylova O.S., Situkho A.N. Strukturnye preobrazovaniya prekariata kak sledstvie Chetvertoy promyshlennoy revolyutsii: Proizvodstvo, nauka i obrazovanie v epokhu transformatsiy: Rossiya v [de]globaliziruyushchemsya mire (PNO-VI) [Structural Transformations of the Precariat as a Consequence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Production, Science and Education in the Era of Transformation: Russia in a [De]globalizing World (PNO-VI)]. Vol. 2, Pod obshch. red. S.D. Bodrunova, A.V. Buzgalina. Moscow, INIR imeni S.Yu. Vitte, 2020, pp. 103—110.

5. Egorushkina T.N. Problemy transformatsii rynka truda pod vliyaniem Chetvertoy promyshlennoy revolyutsii [Problems of Transformation of the Labor Market under the Influence of the Fourth Industrial Revolution]. *Sfera uslug: innovatsii i kachestvo,* 2021, no 54, pp. 23—36.

6. Veshkurova A.B., Terganov Ya.K. Tsifrovaya transformatsiya i bezrabotitsa: puti sovmeshcheniya tekhnologicheskogo progressa i obespecheniya zanyatosti naseleniya [Digital Transformation and Unemployment: Ways to Combine Technological Progress and Employment]. *Ekonomika truda,* 2023, vol. 10, no 5, pp. 665—684.

7. Lyu P., Belokrylova O.S. Perspektivy zanyatosti v usloviyakh perekhoda k Industrii 4.0 (na primere Kitaya) [Belokrylova O.S. Employment Prospects in the Context of the Transition to Industry 4.0 (using China as an Example)]. *Sotsial’nye novatsii i sotsial’nye nauki,* 2022, no 1(6), pp. 140—147.

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.204.2025.50-55

The article examines the role of digital factors in enhancing labor productivity as one of the key elements of technological and economic development. Using the example of the Kyrgyz Republic, it demonstrates that the implementation of digital technologies and the development of digital infrastructure contribute to improving efficiency; however, without the simultaneous modernization of fixed assets and the training of qualified personnel, the effect of digitalization remains limited. The article also proposes the creation of an integrated model of digital factors influencing labor productivity at the macro, meso, and micro levels, which would enable a more comprehensive assessment and management of digital transformation processes.

References:

1. Telyatnikova T.V., Kipervar E.A., Trunkina L.V. Vyyavlenie faktorov, vliyayushchikh na uroven’ proizvoditel’nosti truda, kak osnova formirovaniya ustoychivogo razvitiya predpriyatiya [Identifying Factors Influencing Labor Productivity as a Basis for the Formation of Sustainable Enterprise Development]. Ekonomika truda, 2024, vol. 11, no 3, pp. 361–374, DOI 10.18334/et.11.3.120672

2. Mkrtychan Z.V. Klassifikatsiya faktorov, okazyvayushchikh vliyanie na proizvoditel’nost’ truda [Classification of Factors Influencing Labor Productivity]. Sibirskaya finansovaya shkola, 2020, no 3(139), pp. 23–30.

3. Kontseptsiya tsifrovoy transformatsii Kyrgyzskoy Respubliki na 2024–2028 gody [Concept of Digital Transformation of the Kyrgyz Republic for 2024– 2028]. Ministerstvo yustitsii KR, available at: https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/30-164/edition/6414/ru?ysclid=mgi8iwipwl116850581

4. Tsifrovoy kodeks Kyrgyzskoy Respubliki ot 31 iyulya 2025 g. N 178 [Digital Code of the Kyrgyz Republic of July 31, 2025, No. 178]. Ministerstvo yustitsii KR, available at: https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/3-48/edition/35412/ru

5. Rasporyazhenie Kabineta ministrov KR ot 23 iyulya 2024 g. N 4 [Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic dated July 23, 2024 No. 4]. Ministerstvo yustitsii KR, available at: https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/57-19271/edition/14721/ru?ysclid=mgjn8uo4yg604258729

6. Indeks razvitiya elektronnogo pravitel’stva (srednevzveshennyy): Kirgiziya: Po dannym OON [E-Government Development Index (weighted average): Kyrgyzstan: According to UN data]. Statbase, available at: https://statbase.ru/data/kgz-e-government-development-index/

7. Tsifrovizatsiya v Kyrgyzstane: byudzhet v 600 mln somov na 2024 god [Digitalization in Kyrgyzstan: A 600 Million Som Budget for 2024]. News KG, available at: https://news.kg/2024/04/03/cifrovizacija-v-kyrgyzstane-bjudzhet-v-600/

8. Kyrgyzstan v tsifrakh — 2025: Natsional’nyy statisticheskiy komitet [Kyrgyzstan in Figures — 2025: National Statistical Committee], available at: https:// stat.gov.kg/media/publicationarchive/4943edd9-da6d-4075-88f9-8b667e64c8cb.pdf

9. Brovko N.A., Borisenko N.A. Ekonomicheskiy rost v Kyrgyzskoy Respublike cherez prizmu proizvoditel’nosti truda [Economic Growth in the Kyrgyz Republic through the Prism of Labor Productivity]. Ufimskiy gumanitarnyy nauchnyy forum, 2023, no 4(16), pp. 40–55.

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.202.2025.70-77

The article dwells on the essence of artificial intelligence as a mathematical model used to automate human cognitive activity. The author identifies practical tasks that can be solved with the help of the above technology, such as automation of routine business processes, marketing offers personalization, fraud detection, management decision-making support and others. Industries where artificial intelligence is actively used are studied, including healthcare, finance, retail, manufacturing, energy and telecommunications. Special attention is paid to specific examples of applying ar tificial intelligence in auctions, in particular in real estate, energy, online advertising and distribution of computing resources. The author reveals auction models, their essence and areas of application, such as online auctions, programmatic adver tising, spot electricity markets, financial markets and government procurement.

The article analyzes the prospects for introducing artificial intelligence-based tools into auctions in the context of fur ther digitalization of the Russian economy and potential benefits of their application, such as increased profits, optimized use of resources, reduced labour costs and other operating costs.

References:

1. Smith C. Introduction. The History of Artificial Intelligence, available at: https://courses.cs.washington.edu/ courses/csep590/06au/projects/history-ai.pdf

2. Timofeeva A.Yu., Koroleva E.N. Iskusstvennyy intellekt v upravlenii ekonomikoy [Artificial Intelligence in Economic Management]. Nauka XXI veka: aktual’nye napravleniya razvitiya, 2021, no 1-2, pp. 184–188.

3. Reutov R.V. Vliyanie innovatsiy tsifrovoy ekonomiki na mekhanizm neytralizatsii defektov bankovskogo rynka: Ekonomiko-pravovye problem obespecheniya ekonomicheskoy bezopasnosti [The Impact of Digital Economy Innovations on the Mechanism for Neutralizing Defects in the Banking Market:

Economic and Legal Problems of Ensuring Economic Security]. 2021, pp. 99–102.

4. Talapina E.V. Ispol’zovanie iskusstvennogo intellekta v gosudarstvennom upravlenii [Use of Artificial Intelligence in Public Administration]. Informatsionnoe obshchestvo, 2021, no 3, pp. 16–22.

5. Nikitaeva A.Y., Salem A.B.M. Institutional framework for the development of artificial intelligence in the industry. Journal of Institutional Studies, 2022, vol. 14, no 1, pp. 108–126.

6. Zhang C., Lu Y. Study on artificial intelligence: The state of the art and future prospects. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 2021, available at:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2452414X21000248

7. Fiala P., Flusserova L. Modelirovanie i reshenie dvustoronnikh auktsionov [Modeling and Solving Two-sided Auctions]. Khronoekonomika, 2022, no 4(38), pp. 4–8.

8. Kapusto A.V., Banshchikov D.O. Auktsiony i ikh modelirovanie: Tendentsii ekonomicheskogo razvitiya v XXI veke [Auctions and Their Modeling: Trends of Economic Development in the 21st Century]. 2021, pp. 428–431.

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.198.2024.124-129

The article dwells on theoretical foundations and practical approaches to the creation of optimal quality indicators of technical vision in the scientific works of Professor I.L. Geykhman. Currently, technical vision systems (TVS) based on optical-electronic devices (OED) operating in conditions of low illumination of objects and facilities are becoming increasingly widespread. These TVS are intended to solve global problems of science and technology. Interest in the topic under consideration is related to the relevance of solving the problem of increasing labour productivity, as well as the need to prevent injuries during underground and open-pit mining, identifying modern capabilities and prospects for production automation based on technical vision tools.

References:

1. Belozerov A.F. Optika Rossii. Ocherki istorii i razvitiya [Optics of Russia. Essays on History and Development]. Kazan’, Tsentr innovatsionnykh tekhnologiy, 2012, vol. 1, 604 p.; 2013, vol. 2, 612 p.

2. Bakhrakh A.M. Iz istorii opticheskogo priborostroeniya. Ocherki [From the History of Optical Instrumentation. Essays]. Vol. 1. Moscow, GNTI mashinostroitel’noy literatury, 1951, 222 p.

3. Perepisnaya kniga goroda Moskvy 1638 goda [Census Books of Moscow. 1638]. Moscow, 1881.

4. Chenakal V.L. Optika v dorevolyutsionnoy Rossii: Trudy Instituta Istorii estestvoznaniya [Optics in Pre-revolutionary Russia. Proceedings of the IIET]. Vol. 1. Moscow, AN SSSR, 1947, 536 p.

5. Kornitskoy I.P. V izd.: Otechestvennyy voenno-promyshlennyy kompleks i ego istoricheskoe razvitie [In the scientific publication: “The Domestic Militaryindustrial Complex and Its Historical Development]. Pod red. O.D. Baklanova, O.K. Rogozina. Moscow, Ladoga-100, 2005, 752 p.

6. Geykhman I.L. Nauchnye ocnovy sozdaniya tekhnicheskogo videniya dlya gornykh rabot [Scientific Foundations of Creating a Technical Vision for Mining]. Moscow, Nauka, 1989, 151 p.

7. Geykhman I.L., Gvozdev S.M., Romanov S.S. O vidimosti izobrazheniy pri ispol’zovanii shakhtnykh sistem vizualizatsii [On the Visibility of Images When Using Mine Imaging Systems]. Svetotekhnika, 1988, no 4, pp. 6–8.

8. Geykhman I.L., Volkov V.G. Osnovy uluchsheniya vidimosti v slozhnykh usloviyakh [Fundamentals of Improving Visibility in Difficult Conditions]. Moscow, Nedra-Biznestsentr, 1999, 286 p.

9. Geykhman I.L. Povyshenie effektivnosti raboty gornykh mashin sredstvami tekhnicheskogo videniya [Improving the Efficiency of Mining Machines by Means of Technical Vision]. Moscow, Izd-vo IGD im. Skochinskogo, 1993.

10. Geykhman I.L. Metodika sozdaniya shakhtnykh videokontrol’nykh ustroystv [Methods of Creating Mine Video Monitoring Devices]. Moscow, Izd-vo IGD im. Skochinskogo, 1988, 82 p.

11. Orlov V.A., Petrov V.I. Pribory nablyudeniya noch’yu pri ogranichennoy vidimosti [Night Observation Devices with Limited Visibility]. Moscow, Voenizdat, 1989, 256 p.

The article analyzes implementation of projects by design department of the defence-industrial enterprise. As the main objects of study were chosen: projects (R&D, mass production); design department labour resources, implementing projects; tools for automation of management and implementation planning of the design department’s projects. Based on the assessment results, conclusions were drawn up and recommendations were made on recompensing multiple interrelationships of the head of the design department.