DOI: 10.33917/es-2.206.2026.4-5

DOI: 10.33917/es-2.206.2026.6-13

Strengthening of the vertical structure of federal governance in our country in recent years has encountered resistance in a number of Russian regions, which still remains latent. The article, based on general systems theory, proposes measures to maintain stability of the political regime’s power institutions in the face of active counteraction centers: control of financial and commodity flows, transport and communication channels that allows to cut off supply of resources to destructive forces, block their interaction within a region, between regions and with foreign control and support centers, preserving the possibility of the federal center to operate on sentiments of the local elites and large groups of population.

References:

1. Ageev A.I., Bakhtizin A.R., Makarov V.L., Loginov E.L., Khabriev B.R. Ekonomicheskiy fundament pobedy: strategicheskiy prognoz ustoychivosti ekonomiki Rossii v usloviyakh sanktsionnykh atak [Economic Foundation of Victory: a Strategic Forecast for the Russian Economy Stability in the Face of Sanctions]. *Ekonomicheskie strategii,* 2023, vol. 25, no 3(189), pp. 6—15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-3.189.2023.6-15

2. Ageev A.I., Grabchak E.P., Loginov E.L. Novaya model’ upravleniya ekonomikoy Rossii v usloviyakh gibridnykh riskov i ugroz [New Model of the Russian Economy Management in the Context of Hybrid Risks and Threats]. *Ekonomicheskie strategii,* 2025, vol. 27, no 5(203), pp. 6—19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-5.203.2025.6-19

3. Loginov E.L., Matveev A.G., Shkuta A.A. Opredelenie parametrov lokalizovannykh sostoyaniy neyavnykh grupp s sobstvennoy komponentoy aktivnogo povedeniya, ne sovpadayushchego s vektorom deystviy gosudarstvennoy supersistemy [Determination of the Parameters of Localized States of Implicit Groups with Their Own Component of Active Behavior That does not Coincide with the Vector of Actions of the State Supersystem]. *Iskusstvennye obshchestva,* 2019, vol. 14, no 1, p. 5.

4. Loginov E.L. Ispol’zovanie tekhnologiy Big Data dlya protivodeystviya massovym besporyadkam v usloviyakh nedostatka informatsii i neopredelennosti razvitiya situatsii: Iskusstvennyy intellekt (bol’shie dannye) na sluzhbe politsii: Sb. statey Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Using Big Data Technologies to Counter Mass Unrest in Conditions of Information Shortage and Uncertainty of the Situation Development: Artificial Intelligence (Big Data) in the Service of the Police: Collection of Articles from the International Scientific and Practical Conference]. M.: Akademiya upravleniya Ministerstva vnutrennikh del Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2020. S. 145—150.

5. Loginov E.L. Perekhvat upravleniya slozhnymi organizatsionnymi sistemami v usloviyakh razmyvaniya granits mezhdu fizicheskimi, kognitivnymi i tsifrovymi prostranstvami deyatel’nosti i sredami upravleniya [Taking Control of Complex Organizational Systems in the Context of Blurring Boundaries between Physical, Cognitive, and Digital Activity Spaces and Management Environments]. *Ekonomika: teoriya i praktika,* 2024, no 1(73), pp. 3—10.

DOI: 10.33917/es-2.206.2026.14-21

The article dwells on the threat of a gap between political programs and activities of the executive power, the author puts forward the proposals for overcoming it.

DOI: 10.33917/es-2.206.2026.22-29

Importance of education and the influence of qualified specialists are growing due to development of innovation-oriented economic trends. The share of highly qualified specialists employed in the economy increases twice during the transition period, reaching 35–45%, in line with the trend toward saturated growth in energy and resource consumption. Analysis of the development indicator statistics allows us to estimate the economic interval of the transition period at 20-23 thousand USD/person: from the beginning of the service sector’s dominance in GDP to the post-industrial equalization of labour productivity in the main sectors of economy. Education system’s modernization during the transition period meets the goals of innovative transformations in the economic structure and is associated with cooperation of basic and additional education forms, allowing the adaptation of acquired knowledge and skills to the high dynamics of changes in labour and employment priorities.

References:

1. Macunovich D.J. Fertility and the Easterlin Hypothesis: An Assessment of the Literature. *Journal of Population Economics*, 1998, vol. 11, pp. 53–111, DOI: 10.1007/S001480050058

2. Fertility rate, total (births per woman). World Population Prospects Revision. United Nations Population Division, available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN

3. Raspredelenie VVP po sektoram ekonomiki [Distribution of GDP by Economic Sector]. YesTravel, available at: https://yestravel.ru/world/economy/gdp_composition_by_sector/

4. Dolya zanyatosti v sfere uslug [Share of Employment in the Service Sector]. Statbase, available at: https://statbase.ru/data/rus-employment-in-servicesshare/

5. Education at a Glance 2024. UNDP, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, available at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/education-at-a-glance-2024_c00cad36-en.html

6. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2022, available at: https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.pdf

7. Toffler A. *The Third Wave. The Classic Study of Tomorrow.* New York: Random House Publishing Group, 2022.

8. Mezhdunarodnaya standartnaya klassifikatsiya obrazovaniya MSKO 2011 [International Standard Classification of Education ISCED 2011]. UNESCO Institute for Statistics, available at: https://www.uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2025/04/isced-2011-operational-manual-guidelines-for-classifying-national-education-programmes-and-related-qualifications-2015-en_1.pdf

9. Ranking of Countries by Duration of Study, 2018, available at: https://nonews.co/directory/lists/countries/years-schooling

10. Ninan J., Hertogh M., Liu Y. Educating Engineers of the Future: T-shaped Professionals for Managing Infrastructure Projects. *Project Leadership and Society*, 2022, vol. 3, 100071, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2022.100071

11. Roberts B.W., Davis J.P. Young Adulthood is the Crucible of Personality Development. *Emerging Adulthood*, 2016, vol. 4, no 5, pp. 318–326, DOI: 10.1177/2167696816653052

DOI: 10.33917/es-2.206.2026.30-37

Changing of a conjuncture index of “Economic strategy” (CIES) for 2025 is considered. The contribution of indicators of supply and demand in CIES is estimated. The analysis of industrial production is carried out.

References:

1. Informatsiya o zasedanii Soveta pri Prezidente RF po strategicheskomu razvitiyu i natsional’nym proektam 8 dekabrya 2025 g. [Information on the Meeting of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Strategic Development and National Projects on December 8, 2025]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/78672

2. Informatsiya ob itogakh 2025 goda i otvetakh Prezidenta RF na voprosy zhurnalistov i zhiteley strany 19 dekabrya 2025 g. [Information on the Results of 2025 and the Answers of the President of the Russian Federation to Questions from Journalists and Residents of the Country on December 19, 2025]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/78815

3. Informatsiya ob otchete Pravitel’stva RF v Gosudarstvennoy dume 25 fevralya 2026 g. o rezul’tatakh raboty v 2025 godu [Information on the Russian Government’s Report to the State Duma on February 25, 2026, on the Results of Work in 2025]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Pravitel’stva RF, available at: http://government.ru/news/57933/

4. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii. 2025 god [Socioeconomic Situation in Russia. 2025]. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki, available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/osn-12-2025.pdf

5. Frenkel’ A.A., Tikhomirov B.I., Surkov A.A. Yanvar’ — avgust 2025 goda: Strategicheskoe razvitie Rossii v usloviyakh novykh vyzovov i ugroz kollektivnogo Zapada [January — August 2025: Strategic Development of Russia in the Context of New Challenges and Threats from the Collective West]. *Ekonomicheskie strategii,* 2025, no 6(204), pp. 78–83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-6.204.2025.78-83

6. Prognoz sotsial’no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya RF na 2026 god i na planovyy period 2027 i 2028 godov. Sentyabr’ 2025 [Forecast of the Socio-economic Development of the Russian Federation for 2026 and for the Planning Period of 2027 and 2028. September 2025]. Ministerstvo ekonomicheskogo razvitiya RF, available at: https://www.economy.gov.ru/material/directions/makroec/prognozy_socialno_ekonomicheskogo_razvitiya/prognoz_socialno_ekonomicheskogo_razvitiya_rf_na_2026_god_i_na_planovyy_period_2027_i_2028_godov.html

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DOI: 10.33917/es-2.206.2026.38-45

The article dwells on the “economics of technology” as a scientific direction that was formed within the framework of an independent field of the broader area of the “economics of scientific and technological progress” (STP). The aim of the study is to assess the effect of declining quality of scientific and technological knowledge due to information asymmetry, as well as to introduce the “two potentials” doctrine — current and prospective ones for studying technological links, determining technological development and verifying technological policy. The research methodology is based on the fundamental principles of «technological economics,» regression and taxonomic analysis. Application of these positions and methods made it possible to substantiate ambiguity and invalidity of the “Akerlof effect” in describing the processes of declining the supposedly decreasing quality of scientific and technological results over time. It is shown that there is a lack of a convincing criterion for assessing quality and its modification, moreover this is an objective circumstance of a scientific development. This quality is ensured by the continuity and stage-by-stage nature (as well as increasing complexity) of scientific-technological development, which constitutes one of the fundamental principles of scientific-technological progress (STP). The article presents a regression model, tested for Russia, which links the level of technological sophistication, measured by the ratio of the volume of innovative to noninnovative products (works, services), with current and future potential. The author describes the greater influence of the current, rather than the prospective potential on the technological level, as well as the feedback of potentials themselves, when the growth of the prospective potential reduces the current potential. This result underlines the relevance of the problem of distributing resources between technological paradigms at the macro level, since maintaining current technological capabilities is no less important than providing resources for breakthrough ones, and searching a structure for distributing resources represents an unsolved problem in modern science, which is clearly outlined here. Solution to this problem is envisaged through additional study of the connectivity of structures and technologies, R&D and fundamental research. The exploration perspective is to use lagged variables and to establish possible influences and patterns taking them into account, as well as to improve models that reveal more complex relationships.

References:

1. Glaz’ev S.Yu. Teoriya dolgosrochnogo tekhniko-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya [Theory of Long-term Technical and Economic Development]. Moscow, Vladar, 1993, 310 p.

2. Glaz’ev S.Yu. Ryvok v budushchee. Rossiya v novykh tekhnologicheskom i mirokhozyaystvennom ukladakh [A Breakthrough into the Future. Russia in the New Technological and World Economic Structures]. Moscow, Knizhnyy mir, 2019, 768 p.