DOI: 10.33917/es-2.206.2026.22-29

Importance of education and the influence of qualified specialists are growing due to development of innovation-oriented economic trends. The share of highly qualified specialists employed in the economy increases twice during the transition period, reaching 35–45%, in line with the trend toward saturated growth in energy and resource consumption. Analysis of the development indicator statistics allows us to estimate the economic interval of the transition period at 20-23 thousand USD/person: from the beginning of the service sector’s dominance in GDP to the post-industrial equalization of labour productivity in the main sectors of economy. Education system’s modernization during the transition period meets the goals of innovative transformations in the economic structure and is associated with cooperation of basic and additional education forms, allowing the adaptation of acquired knowledge and skills to the high dynamics of changes in labour and employment priorities.

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DOI: 10.33917/es-5.171.2020.82-89

The lead role in the post-industrial economy’s establishment of the social layer of highly qualified specialists’ formation determines the strategic importance of education. The article presents an analysis of the statistical indicators distribution characterizing the correlation of changes in the structure of GDP and economics of education. The analysis showed the relevance of supplementing basic education systems at all levels with informal flexible training courses. These courses allow adapting the acquired competencies to dynamic changes in the nature of labor and the structure of employment. The prospects of attracting potential of public-state partnership for the organization of additional adaptive training are considered. In such a case, basic education is combined with capabilities of educational public organizations that are not bound by the inertia of standards and agreeing on topics and methods

Transition to the postindustrial phase of the economic development is characterized by saturation in dependence of energy consumption from economic growth. Maximum of global energy use equal to 25–30 G toe and twofold of the current level is expected in the middle of the century. Perspectives of CO₂ emission limitation by the level determined by the UN Paris climate agreement are analyzed by transformation of global energy sources.

It is almost impossible to measure the entropy or the number of possible states, in which socio-economic system may be found. Only real events that accompany economic or social crisis are directly manifested.

The vulnerability can result in an inversion of control, in illegitimate transfer of management functions to other levels.