Economic Boundaries of the Transitional Period to Post-Industrial Development in the Context of Education System’s Changes
DOI: 10.33917/es-2.206.2026.22-29
Importance of education and the influence of qualified specialists are growing due to development of innovation-oriented economic trends. The share of highly qualified specialists employed in the economy increases twice during the transition period, reaching 35–45%, in line with the trend toward saturated growth in energy and resource consumption. Analysis of the development indicator statistics allows us to estimate the economic interval of the transition period at 20-23 thousand USD/person: from the beginning of the service sector’s dominance in GDP to the post-industrial equalization of labour productivity in the main sectors of economy. Education system’s modernization during the transition period meets the goals of innovative transformations in the economic structure and is associated with cooperation of basic and additional education forms, allowing the adaptation of acquired knowledge and skills to the high dynamics of changes in labour and employment priorities.
References:
1. Macunovich D.J. Fertility and the Easterlin Hypothesis: An Assessment of the Literature. *Journal of Population Economics*, 1998, vol. 11, pp. 53–111, DOI: 10.1007/S001480050058
2. Fertility rate, total (births per woman). World Population Prospects Revision. United Nations Population Division, available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN
3. Raspredelenie VVP po sektoram ekonomiki [Distribution of GDP by Economic Sector]. YesTravel, available at: https://yestravel.ru/world/economy/gdp_composition_by_sector/
4. Dolya zanyatosti v sfere uslug [Share of Employment in the Service Sector]. Statbase, available at: https://statbase.ru/data/rus-employment-in-servicesshare/
5. Education at a Glance 2024. UNDP, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, available at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/education-at-a-glance-2024_c00cad36-en.html
6. BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2022, available at: https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.pdf
7. Toffler A. *The Third Wave. The Classic Study of Tomorrow.* New York: Random House Publishing Group, 2022.
8. Mezhdunarodnaya standartnaya klassifikatsiya obrazovaniya MSKO 2011 [International Standard Classification of Education ISCED 2011]. UNESCO Institute for Statistics, available at: https://www.uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2025/04/isced-2011-operational-manual-guidelines-for-classifying-national-education-programmes-and-related-qualifications-2015-en_1.pdf
9. Ranking of Countries by Duration of Study, 2018, available at: https://nonews.co/directory/lists/countries/years-schooling
10. Ninan J., Hertogh M., Liu Y. Educating Engineers of the Future: T-shaped Professionals for Managing Infrastructure Projects. *Project Leadership and Society*, 2022, vol. 3, 100071, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2022.100071
11. Roberts B.W., Davis J.P. Young Adulthood is the Crucible of Personality Development. *Emerging Adulthood*, 2016, vol. 4, no 5, pp. 318–326, DOI: 10.1177/2167696816653052



