DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-3.183.2022.164-167

Digitalization is one of the main transformation processes of the modern system of global interactions, changing the nature of social links not only at the technical and economic, but also at the political level. Herewith, technological innovations also become instruments of political influence. The present article analyzes the management structure of one of the leading participants in the global financial market — the Bank for International Settlements (hereinafter — BIS) and highlights the important place the BIS occupies in the global financial architecture on the example of the Dunbar project, being developed in its innovation hub. In digital age the BIS has assumed a new leading role in exploring, developing and testing digital innovations in the central banking sector. It is noted that potential to use the BIS for political purposes is great, given that the Dunbar project will have far-reaching consequences for the structure of modern international relations.

Источники:

1. Biały B. Social media: from social exchange to battlefield. The Cyber Defense Review, 2017, vol. 2, N 2, p. 75.

2. Farakh A.S. Rol’ Banka mezhdunarodnykh raschetov v protsesse evropeiskoi integratsii. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta, 2020, no 4, pp. 75–84.

3. Promoting Global Monetary and Financial Stability. The Bank for International Settlements after Bretton Woods, 1973–2020. Edited by Claudio Borio, Stijn Claessens, Piet Clement, Robert N. McCauley, Hyun Song Shin. NY.: Cambridge University Press, 2020, p. 60.

4. Statutes of the Bank for International Settlements (of 20 January 1930; text as amended on 7 November 2016). Bank for International Settlements, 2016, 29 p., available at: https://www.bis.org/about/statutes-en.pdf.

5. Central bank digital currencies: The next disruptor. Deloitte Development LLC, 2021, September, 4, available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/Financial-Services/gx-fsi-central-bank-digital-currencies.pdf.

6. Annual Economic Report 2021. Bank for International Settlements, 2021, 95 p., available at: https://www.bis.org/publ/arpdf/ar2021e.pdf.

7. Lyons N.S. Just say no to CBDCs: A central bank digital currency would enable a totalitarian nightmare. The Upheaval, 2022, March, 11, available at: https://theupheaval.substack.com/p/just-say-no-to-cbdcs?s=r.

8. Enhancing cross-border payments: Stage 3 roadmap. Financial Stability Board, 2020, p. 6, available at: https://www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/P131020-1.pdf.

9. Project Dunbar: International settlements using multi-CBDCs. Bank for International Settlements, 2022, p. 8, available at: https://www.bis.org/publ/othp47.pdf.

10. Farrell H., Newman A.L. Weaponized interdependence: How global economic networks shape state coercion. International Security, 2019, vol. 44, N 1, p. 45.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-3.183.2022.148-163

The theory of economic dominance in a multilevel economy, developed by Blokhin A.A. and Lomakin-Rumyantsev I.V., has been actively tested by researches on different markets since 2019 — the distribution of players in the markets allows to formulate different strategies for their development. This article is a development of studies devoted to the study of competition in the education market and presents the result of economic dominance of national higher education systems in the international market. This research aims to analyze the subject areas of social sciences and management, for further identifying dominance in the QS ranking.

The sample consists of 58 QS subject rankings for 2018–2021. The main instrument is the SV-matrix (strength/variety). The analysis outlines areas of subject ratings where there is dominance of national educational systems and characterizes its level. In addition, an interpretation of the situation when constructing the SV matrix, where Lind index shows boundary values when determining dominant group size. The SV matrix gives valid results and allows both qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the positions of countries in educational rankings. Analysis using SV-matrix made it possible to identify 8 out of 15 subject areas, in which there is clear dominance and determined positions of Russian universities relative to the dominant group. The hypothesis of United States presence in the dominant group in most areas of social sciences and management was confirmed, however, several subjects were defined, where the higher education system of anther countries were in the lead. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the proposal and testing of a method for assessing the level of dominance of national educational systems in the international education market. The SV matrix allows to analyze the positions of different countries in the international educational space, both in dynamics and in statics (to assess the level of competitiveness of national educational systems); to understand theoretically the level of differentiation of national educational systems in certain subject ratings; to assess the concentration (barriers to enter the rating) and the strength of competition (how strongly the players differ) of subject areas.

Источники:

1. Kireeva N., Slepenkova E., Shipunova T., Iskandaryan R. Competitiveness of Higher Education Institutions and Academic Entrepreneurship. Espacios, 2018, no 23, pp. 15–25.

2. Nefedova A.I. Masshtaby, struktura i tseli eksporta rossiiskogo vysshego obrazovaniya [Scales, Structure and Reason for Export of Russian Higher Education].

Mir Rossii. Sotsiologiya. Etnologiya, 2017, no 2, pp. 154–174.

3. Vorob’eva E.S., Krakovetskaya I.V. Prodvizhenie rossiiskikh vuzov v mirovye reitingi konkurentosposobnosti: tsel’ blizka? [Promoting Russian Universities in the World Ratings of Competitiveness: is the Goal in Sight?]. Kreativnaya ekonomika, 2017, no 5, pp. 521–552.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-6.180.2021.134-142

One of the key ones and most cost-effective technology from an economic point of view for the real sector is the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, which is usually provided in the form of Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, still does not have its own framework for assessing its economic efficiency. The author proposes a methodological approach based on a combination of classical methods of investment analysis and an architectural approach. From the information point of view the scientific work is based on cost-effectiveness studies of IoT projects, domestic and foreign scientific publications, IT cases and research on taxonomy of IoT platforms. The proposed approach may serve as the basis both for preparation of financial business cases and for facilitating the development of tools for objective assessment of the project initiatives attractiveness as part of implementation of the state digital development programs in Russia.

Источники:

1. Tsifrovoe desyatiletie. V nogu so vremenem [Digital Decade. In Step with the Times]. PriceWaterhouseCoopers, 2017, available at: https://www.pwc.ru/ru/publications/global-digital-iq-survey-rus.pdf.

2. Tsifrovaya Rossiya: novaya real’nost’ [Digital Russia: New Reality]. McKinsey, 2017, available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/ru/~/media/mckinsey/locations/europe%20and%20middle%20east/russia/our%20insights/digital%20russia/digital-russia-report.pdf.

3. Pasport federal’nogo proekta “Tsifrovye tekhnologii” [Passport of the “Digital Technologies” Federal Project]. Tsifrovaya ekonomika, available at: https://files.data-economy.ru/Docs/FP_Cifrovye_texnologii_pdf.

4. Internet of Things, IoT, M2M market in Russia. TADVISER, available at: https://tadviser.com/index.php/Article:Internet_of_Things%2C_IoT%2C_M2M_%28Russian_market%29#IDC:_The_Internet_of_Things_market_in_Russia_will_grow_to_.249_billion_in_2020.

5. Kaczorowska A., Sloniec J., Motyka S. Comprehensive methods of evaluation and project efficiency account. Proceedings of the 2016 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, 2016, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 1159–1168.

6. The State of Today’s IT: Process Maturity, Business Alignment, and Digital Transformation. HDI, available at: https://www.thinkhdi.com/~/media/HDICorp/Files/Industry-Reports/state-of-todays-IT-2017.pdf.

7. SDG Digital Investment Framework — A whole-of-Government Approach to Investing in Digital Technologies to Achieve the SDGs. International Telecommunication Union, available at: https://www.itu.int/pub/D-STR-DIGITAL.02-2019.

8. 2021 List of IoT Platforms Companies. IOT-ANALYICS, available at: https://iot-analytics.com/product/list-of-iot-platform-companies/

9. APQC Cross Industry Process Classification Framework version 7.2.1. APQC. 2021, available at: https://www.apqc.org/resource-library/resource-listing/apqcprocess-classification-framework-pcf-cross-industry-excel-7.

10. Porter M. Konkurentnoe preimushchestvo: Kak dostich’ vysokogo rezul’tata i obespechit’ ego ustoichivost’ [Competitive Advantage: How to Achieve High Result and Ensure Its Sustainability]. Moscow, Al’pina Pablisher, 2016, 1020 p.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-6.180.2021.126-133

The article examines manufacturing process of a product from the life cycle point of view, identifies the key, according to the author, problematics of each life cycle stage. An alternative view of the product creation process from the stage of conception to the moment of its utilization is formulated.

Источники:

1. GOST R 15.000–2016 “Sistema razrabotki i postanovki produktsii na proizvodstvo. Osnovnye polozheniya” [GOST R 15.000–2016 “System of Product Development and Launching into Production. Basic Provisions”]. Kodeks, available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200141161.

2. GOST RV 15.004–2004 “Sistema razrabotki i postavki produktsii na proizvodstva. Voennaya tekhnika. Stadii zhiznennogo tsikla izdelii i materialov” [GOST RV 15.004-2004 “System of Product Development and Delivery to Production Facilities. Military Equipment. Life Cycle Stages of Products and Materials”]. VII SFU, available at: https://vii.sfu-kras.ru/images/Gost1.pdf.

3. GOST R 56135–2014 “Upravlenie zhiznennym tsiklom produktsii voennogo naznacheniya. Obshchie polozheniya” [GOST R 56135–2014 “Life Cycle Management of Military Products. General Provisions”]. Kodeks, available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200115460.

4. Federal’nyi zakon ot 29 dekabrya 2012 g. “O gosudarstvennom oboronnom zakaze” [Federal Law of December 29, 2012 “On the State Defense Order”]. Konsul’tantPlyus, available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_140175/

5. Prikaz Ministerstva oborony RF ot 21 dekabrya 2017 g. N 792 “Ob utverzhdenii Obyazatel’nykh trebovanii v oblasti tekhnicheskogo regulirovaniya k oboronnoi produktsii (rabotam, uslugam), yavlyayushcheisya pod”emnymi sooruzheniyami i oborudovaniem, rabotayushchim pod davleniem, v sostave vooruzheniya i voennoi tekhniki, postavlyaemoi dlya Vooruzhennykh Sil Rossiiskoi Federatsii po gosudarstvennomu oboronnomu zakazu, protsessam proektirovaniya (vklyuchaya izyskaniya), proizvodstva, stroitel’stva, montazha, naladki, ekspluatatsii, khraneniya ukazannoi produktsii” [Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation of December 21, 2017 No. 792 “About Approval of Mandatory Requirements in the Field of Technical Regulation to the Defense Products (Works, Services) which are Lifting Constructions and the Equipment Working Under Pressure as Part of Arms and the Military Equipment Delivered for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation According to the State Defense Order, Design Processes (Including Research), Production, Construction, Installation, Adjustment, Operation, Storage of the Specified Products”]. Kodeks, available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/542617054.

DOI:  https://doi.org/ 10.33917/es-5.179.2021.116-121

Production cooperative (artel) historically is a native Russian form of collective labour activity, aimed, as a rule, at performing certain permanent or temporary work and requiring mutual guarantee of all workers. Artels and their associations are based only on free creative labour (not hired labour), which allows workers themselves to be responsible for efficiency of managing their time and to improve constantly, providing an increase in labour productivity and production profitability. Such work is fundamentally different from the work under an employment contract. Members of cooperatives do not pass “their time” for rationing “from above”, but independently organize their work, revealing their potential, based on personal experience, ingenuity, freedom and personal motivation, effectively interacting with each other in the workforce.

DOI:  https://doi.org/ 10.33917/es-5.179.2021.134-142

Russian cybersecurity market shows insignificant positive growth rates due to development of the B2B segment: launch of individual projects in the sphere of digitalization at the federal level, as well as adoption of security systems to deflect cyber attacks and proactively identify threats from major market players. At the same time, the B2C segment is really inferior to B2B. This is primarily attributable to the fact that ordinary consumers do not realize the need to protect digital data. The present paper will consider the main parameters of the macroenvironment, competitive saturation and will analyze a modern consumer of cybersecurity services. These factors will help to identify the roots of negative perception of cyber services among Russian consumers. The article authors suggest a marketing communication strategy to improve the current situation on the example of Kaspersky Lab and the target IT Administrators audience.

DOI:  https://doi.org/ 10.33917/es-5.179.2021.122-133

The article shows effects assessment of procurement process centralisation and centralized purchasing; describes case of centralized procurement of domestic office and antivirus software for federal government bodies; explain advantages and disadvantages; forms recommendations for future centralized procurement.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-4.178.2021.136-141

Using the example of print outsourcing, the article examines the problems of analyzing and forecasting markets that significantly depend on the global players’ behaviour. At the same time provisions of the economic domination theory allow, through highlighting the typical strategies of market participants, to identify a number of new trends emerging in the market and opening up for Russian companies. First of all, they have to do with such processes as transition to electronic document management, expansion of the sphere of product labeling and traceability systems. In addition, the 2020 crisis has resulted in creation of a new demand for organizing home workplaces, changing the requirements for IT systems architecture in large offices. Based on the case studies of the companies that are present on the market, the author draws up conclusions on notable changes in the role of large Russian companies in this market, including under the impact of transformations on the related markets

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-4.178.2021.126-135

The article defines the main factors of increasing the competitiveness of the machine-building complex in the integration economic area. The relationship between the factors of comparative competitive advantages of export-oriented engineering production and the structure of commodity exports is presented in the article. A methodology for assessing the competitiveness of the machine-building complex is proposed, which is focused on determining its comparative advantages in prospective segments of export commodity groups. The results of testing the methodology on the basis of statistical data of export segments of the commodity groups of machine-building industry in the CIS countries are presented

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-3.177.2021.130-133

The article reveals the role of university curators in the professional self-determination of first-year students in humanitarian areas of training. The concept of “professional self-determination” is being clarified. Possible directions of professional orientation work with students are indicated. The relevance of the topic of obtaining a humanitarian education in society is substantiated, the reasons for the emergence in society of the need for professions of a social and humanitarian orientation are indicated. The works of research scientists studying the areas of professional self-determination are analyzed. The dynamics of personal changes that occur with firstyear students as a result of their professional orientation are analyzed. The meaning and tasks of curatorial work are presented, as well as problems that university curators may face today: possible mistakes of the curator in working with first-year students, namely lack of experience, lack of conscientiousness, incompetence. The main directions of the curator’s work with first-year students are revealed. The directions of activity of the university curators in conjunction with the psychological and pedagogical service are proposed. The conditions for the successful implementation of the curator’s activities with students in the direction of professional self-determination, such as planning, organization, control, motivation, are noted.