DOI: 10.33917/es-6.198.2024.118-123

In the first half of the 2020s the process of forming a new world order has turned around. “Western democracies” are afraid of critical reduction in their positions and influence; they have chosen the strategy of “curbing” the leading “rising” powers of the non-West (Russia, China, Iran). Success in each confrontation is possible only through the competent use of correctly calculated forces and resources (both one’s own and those of the partners) with the aim of exhausting the opponent. The article examines such capabilities of the USA and Great Britain, using their approach to the “game of reserves” in the use of armed forces as an example. It emphasizes the rich historical experience of Great Britain as the center of a huge colonial empire and the USA as a key country in the vast community of “Western democracies”.

References:

1. Chekmarev G.F. Voennaya strategiya v Velikoy Otechestvennoy voyne: Istoriya voennoy strategii Rossii [Military Strategy in the Great Patriotic War: History of Russian Military Strategy]. Institut voennoy istorii Ministerstva oborony RF; Pod red. general-mayora V.A. Zolotareva. Moscow, Kuchkovo pole, Poligrafresursy, 2000, pp. 255–376.

2. Vtoraya mirovaya voyna. Itogi i uroki [World War II: Results and Lessons]. Moscow, Voennoe izdatel’stvo, 1985, 447 p.

3. Die Bundeswehr im Kalten Krieg. Bundeswehr, 2014, available at: https://www.bundeswehr.de/de/ueber-die-bundeswehr/geschichte-bundeswehr/kalter-krieg

4. New NATO Force Model. NATO, 2022, available at: https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/2022/6/pdf/220629-infographic-new-nato-forcemodel.pdf

5. Biscop S. The New Force Model: NATO’s European Army? Egmont Policy Brief, 2022, no 285, 6 p.

6. NATO’s military presence in the east of the Alliance. NATO, 2023, available at: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_136388.htm

7. Statement of general Christopher G. Cavoli, United States Army. United States European Command. US DoD, 2023, April 26, available at: https://

armedservices.house.gov/sites/republicans.armedservices.house.gov/files/04.26.23%20Cavoli%20Statement%20v2.pdf

8. Military Presence. U.S. Personnel in NATO Europe. GAO/NSIAD-90-04. Washington, US General Accounting Office, 1990, 108 p.

9. “Ukraina — eto tol’ko nachalo”: SShA otpravlyayut voyska v Evropu. Chem otvetit Rossiya na usilenie boevoy moshchi NATO? Lenta.ru, 2023, 27 noyabrya, available at: https://lenta.ru/articles/2023/11/27/us_presence/

10. Atlas ofitsera. GSh VS SSSR [Atlas of the Officer. General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces]. Moscow, Voenno-topograficheskoe upravlenie General’nogo shtaba, 1974, 396 p.

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.198.2024.5

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.198.2024.124-129

The article dwells on theoretical foundations and practical approaches to the creation of optimal quality indicators of technical vision in the scientific works of Professor I.L. Geykhman. Currently, technical vision systems (TVS) based on optical-electronic devices (OED) operating in conditions of low illumination of objects and facilities are becoming increasingly widespread. These TVS are intended to solve global problems of science and technology. Interest in the topic under consideration is related to the relevance of solving the problem of increasing labour productivity, as well as the need to prevent injuries during underground and open-pit mining, identifying modern capabilities and prospects for production automation based on technical vision tools.

References:

1. Belozerov A.F. Optika Rossii. Ocherki istorii i razvitiya [Optics of Russia. Essays on History and Development]. Kazan’, Tsentr innovatsionnykh tekhnologiy, 2012, vol. 1, 604 p.; 2013, vol. 2, 612 p.

2. Bakhrakh A.M. Iz istorii opticheskogo priborostroeniya. Ocherki [From the History of Optical Instrumentation. Essays]. Vol. 1. Moscow, GNTI mashinostroitel’noy literatury, 1951, 222 p.

3. Perepisnaya kniga goroda Moskvy 1638 goda [Census Books of Moscow. 1638]. Moscow, 1881.

4. Chenakal V.L. Optika v dorevolyutsionnoy Rossii: Trudy Instituta Istorii estestvoznaniya [Optics in Pre-revolutionary Russia. Proceedings of the IIET]. Vol. 1. Moscow, AN SSSR, 1947, 536 p.

5. Kornitskoy I.P. V izd.: Otechestvennyy voenno-promyshlennyy kompleks i ego istoricheskoe razvitie [In the scientific publication: “The Domestic Militaryindustrial Complex and Its Historical Development]. Pod red. O.D. Baklanova, O.K. Rogozina. Moscow, Ladoga-100, 2005, 752 p.

6. Geykhman I.L. Nauchnye ocnovy sozdaniya tekhnicheskogo videniya dlya gornykh rabot [Scientific Foundations of Creating a Technical Vision for Mining]. Moscow, Nauka, 1989, 151 p.

7. Geykhman I.L., Gvozdev S.M., Romanov S.S. O vidimosti izobrazheniy pri ispol’zovanii shakhtnykh sistem vizualizatsii [On the Visibility of Images When Using Mine Imaging Systems]. Svetotekhnika, 1988, no 4, pp. 6–8.

8. Geykhman I.L., Volkov V.G. Osnovy uluchsheniya vidimosti v slozhnykh usloviyakh [Fundamentals of Improving Visibility in Difficult Conditions]. Moscow, Nedra-Biznestsentr, 1999, 286 p.

9. Geykhman I.L. Povyshenie effektivnosti raboty gornykh mashin sredstvami tekhnicheskogo videniya [Improving the Efficiency of Mining Machines by Means of Technical Vision]. Moscow, Izd-vo IGD im. Skochinskogo, 1993.

10. Geykhman I.L. Metodika sozdaniya shakhtnykh videokontrol’nykh ustroystv [Methods of Creating Mine Video Monitoring Devices]. Moscow, Izd-vo IGD im. Skochinskogo, 1988, 82 p.

11. Orlov V.A., Petrov V.I. Pribory nablyudeniya noch’yu pri ogranichennoy vidimosti [Night Observation Devices with Limited Visibility]. Moscow, Voenizdat, 1989, 256 p.

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.198.2024.16-25

Trump has become the US president. It doesn’t matter anymore what role the sympathies of voters, political technologies or a well-known force action played. Inviolability of the Atlantic spells about the dominance of democracy has been refuted by the harsh realities of world politics and economics. Vector of the global attack has been determined – China. Is there a chance of success if it has revealed not possible to achieve the goals set with Russia? How will Russia act in the new situation? Who and how will be able to form new, more harmonious foundations of the world order? Is the BRICS+++ group capable of this task?”.

References:

1. Sibileva E.A. Zachem lyudi plachut: o prirode slez [Why People Cry: On the Nature of Tears]. MedAboutMe. URL: https://medaboutme.ru/articles/zachem_lyudi_plachut_o_prirode_slez/

2. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. KOMBINATORIKA VTOROGO TRAMPA: Pokushenie. Chast’ I. Geostrategiya [SECOND TRUMP COMBINATORICS: Assassination Attempt. Part I. Geostrategy]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2024, vol. 26, no 4(196), pp. 18–25, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-4.196.2024.18-25

3. Ageev A.I. Rol’ sanktsiy, konfliktov i spetsoperatsiy: razmyshleniya o budushchem. Chast’ 2 [The Role of Sanctions, Conflicts and Special Operations: Reflections on the Future. Part 2]. Nauchnyy vestnik oboronno-promyshlennogo kompleksa Rossii, 2024, no 1, pp. 33–42.

4. Teoriya i strategiya stanovleniya ustoychivogo mnogopolyarnogo miroustroystva na baze partnerstva tsivilizatsiy (Yaltinskogo mira – 2): Vol. 1. Nauchnye osnovy stanovleniya ustoychivogo mnogopolyarnogo miroustroystva i Bol’shogo evraziyskogo partnerstva [Theory and Strategy for Forming a Sustainable Multipolar World Order Based on the Partnership of Civilizations (Yalta Peace – 2): Vol. 1. Scientific Foundations for the Development of a Sustainable Multipolar World Order and the Greater Eurasian Partnership]. Monografiya. Sost. i nauch. red. Yu.V. Yakovets, A.A. Akaev, S.Yu. Malkov. Moscow, MISK — INES, 2020, 816 p.

5. Ageev A.I., Bakhtizin A.R., Makarov V.L., Loginov E.L., Khabriev B.R. Ekonomicheskiy fundament pobedy: strategicheskiy prognoz ustoychivosti ekonomiki Rossii v usloviyakh sanktsionnykh atak [Economic Foundation of Victory: a Strategic Forecast for the Russian Economy Stability in the Face of Sanctions]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2023, vol. 25, no 3(189), pp. 6–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-3.189.2023.6-15

6. Ageev A.I., Loginov E.L. Strategicheskaya predopredelennost’ spetsial’nykh voennykh operatsiy v mirovoy supersisteme [Strategic Predetermination of Special Military Operations in the World Supersystem]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2023, vol. 25, no 4(190), pp. 6–19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-4.190.2023.6-19

7. Loginov E.L. Tsifrovye tekhnologii politicheskoy bor’by: neyrosetevye imperativy informatsionnogo protivodeystviya popytkam perekhvata upravleniya v sotsial’no-politicheskoy srede [Digital Technologies of Political Struggle: Neural Network Imperatives of Information Counteraction to Attempts at Interception of Control in the Socio-Political Environment]. Moscow, Rusayns, 2024, 234 p.

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.198.2024.130-137

The issue of the national idea and the guiding image of the future as Russia’s own project has long and rightly been the subject of “deep thoughts” not only for the Kremlin ideologists. It stirs the minds of the entire Russian intellectual community.

Sometimes the most exotic projects and ideas are shuffled around in a painful search. At the same time, most thinkers forget criteria for the conformity of concepts to their purpose, of which the historical moment nature dictates the main one: unprecedentedness. Any conservative and backward-looking ideas, be it “Moscow — the third Rome”, Orthodox monarchism, all kinds of Vedism and national Slavism, neo-imperialism, etc., categorically don’t meet the requirements, which also include: universality (the idea should be born in Russia, but to be intended for all humanity) and supra-mundaneity (implies a supramaterial basis — sacred, highly spiritual sources). Only an ideology that meets the listed requirements can become the basis for an attractive and life-affirming image of the future, capable of participating on equal terms in the culminating battle of world projects. «There is nothing stronger than an idea whose time has come». The present article is the first official publication of the sought-after image of the future, relevant to all presented criteria and capable of changing the course of history in the existing bifurcation point at the civilizational crossroads.

References:

1. Schwab K., Malleret T. COVID-19: The Great Reset. Cologny, Geneva, World Economic Forum, 2020, 212 p.

2. Edinoe Chelovechestvo — ideologiya novogo vremeni (rezh. Trannik S., 2022) [United Humanity — the Ideology of the New Time (directed by Trannik S., 2022)]. Perekhod, available at: https://perehod.life/ideology/

3. Obozhenie [Deification]. Vikipediya, available at: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Обожение

4. Trannik S. Zhizn’. Instruktsiya Tvortsa [Life. Creator’s Instructions]. Moscow, 2021, 304 p.

5. Samadkhi. Chast’ 1. Mayya, illyuziya obosoblennogo Ya (rezh. D. Shmid, 2017) [Samadhi. Part 1. Maya, the Illusion of a Separate Self (dir. D. Schmid, 2017)]. Awaken the World, available at: https://awakentheworld.com/ru/film/russian-samadkhi-1-mayya-illyuziya-obosoblennogo-ya/

6. Samadkhi. Chast’ 2. Eto ne to, chto ty dumaesh’ (rezh. D. Shmid, 2018) [Samadhi. Part 2. It’s Not What You Think (dir. D. Schmid, 2018)]. Awaken the World available at: https://awakentheworld.com/ru/film/russian-samadkhi-2-eto-ne-to-chto-ty-dumayesh/

7. Sotsial’no-obshchestvennyy uroven’. Religiya [Social and Public Level. Religion]. Obshchestvennoe dvizhenie “Perekhod”, available at: https://perehod.life/social/#religiya

8. Shkol’nikov A.Yu. Poiski ideologii dlya Rossii [Search for an Ideology for Russia]. Школьников INFO, 2023, 28 iyunya, available at: https://shkolnikov.info/articles/11-analitika-i-prognozy/109845-poiski-ideologii-dlja-rossii

9. Obshchestvo probuzhdennykh — obraz budushchego [The Awakened Society — A Vision of the Future]. Obshchestvennoe dvizhenie “Perekhod”, available at: https://perehod.life/awakened-society/

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.198.2024.26-35

In the first part of this article, the authors proposed to consider productivism as a new paradigm of socio-economic development. It, advocating for supply-side economic measures, not feeling piet y towards international markets and calling for protectionism, is intended to replace the intellectually bankrupt paradigm of neoliberalism that dominated the world at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Such “paradigm shif t” is necessary to ensure theoretically a “technological leap” — the key to global economic leadership in the 21st century. Previously, the authors have developed factors for the national economy transition to a new technological level. In this ar ticle, they will receive a quantitative assessment, which will allow to determine the ordinal probability of technological transition for the world’s leading countries. The proposed methodological approach will make it possible to position the Russian economy in these processes, as well as to identif y barriers hindering its economic development, and outline prospects for overcoming these barriers.

References:

[1] — [26] no 5/2024, pp. 20–21.

27. Belousov D.R., Sal’nikov V.A., et al. Ekonomika-2040: ot novykh usloviy — k novym deystviyam: kratkaya versiya doklada (kontseptual’naya chast’): Proekt Gorizont-2040 [Economy-2040: from New Conditions to New Actions: a Short Version of the Report (Conceptual Part): Project Horizon-2040]. TsMAKP, 2023, 28 dekabrya, available at: http://www.forecast.ru/_ARCHIVE/Presentations/DBelousov/2023_12_ecoshortfin.pdf

28. World Economic Forum. The Global Risks Report’2024. World Economic Forum, available at: https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-risks-report-2024/

29. Gross domestic product 2022, PPP. World Development Indicators database. World Bank, 1 July 2023, available at: https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/GDP_PPP.pdf

30. Kobyakov A.B., Khazin M.L. Zakat imperii dollara i konets “Pax Americana” [The Decline of the Dollar Empire and the End of Pax Americana]. Moscow, Veche, 2003.

31. Irkhin A.A. Mir gotov razvalit’sya na neskol’ko makroregionov [The World is Ready to Fall Apart into Several Macro-regions]. Sluzhba novostey ForPost, 2020, 9 aprelya, available at: https://sevastopol.su/news/mir-gotov-razvalitsya-na-neskolko-makroregionov

32. Teplyakov A.Yu., Tolkachev S.A. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya v geoekonomicheskoy dueli XXI veka [Russian Federation in the Geo-Economic Duel of the 21^st Century]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2023, no 6, pp. 6–15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-6.192.2023.6-15

33. The Leisure Gains from International Trade. IMF, 2024, available at: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2024/01/19/The-Leisure-Gains-from-International-Trade-543871

34. Protsentnaya sistema. Trading Economics, available at: https://ru.tradingeconomics.com/country-list/interest-rate

35. Main Economic Indicators. Vol. 2023, iss. 12, available at: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/main-economic-indicators/volume-2023/issue-12_ded67b87-en

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.198.2024.138-143

Based on the analysis of existing methods for a comprehensive assessment of the economic security level of business entities, the author proposes a methodology for an integrated evaluation of the economic security of a commercial organization providing medical services, based on the calculation of a cumulative criterion via the distance method. This methodology makes it possible to consider peculiarities characterizing the aspects and risk factors of the economic security of a commercial organization providing medical services, to assess the level of economic security both in general for the organization and for its individual functional components as well.

References:

1. Glebova O.V., Mitrofanova M.N. Otsenka ekonomicheskoy bezopasnosti gostinichnogo predpriyatiya [Assesment of the Economic Security of a Hotel Enterprise]. Ekonomicheskaya bezopasnost’, 2023, vol. 6, no 3, pp. 1133–1152.

2. Krasnoshchek A.A., Dinets D.A. Sovremennye aspekty analiza i otsenki ekonomicheskoy bezopasnosti organizatsiy [Modern Aspects of Analysis and Assessment of Economic Security of Organizations]. Korporativnye finansy, 2010, no 4, pp. 73–83.

3. Kundakova L.R., Temirbaeva G.R., Daukenova G.A., Nurtazinova A.S. K voprosu kolichestvennoy otsenki ekonomicheskoy bezopasnosti firmy [On the Issue of Quantitative Assessment of the Economic Security of a Company]. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamental’nykh issledovaniy, 2017, no 9, pp. 148–152.

4. Mitrofanova M.N. Otsenka effektivnosti proektov po vnedreniyu nauchno-issledovatel’skogo i ispytatel’nogo oborudovaniya na promyshlennom predpriyatii [Assessment of the Effectiveness of Projects for the Implementation of Research and Testing Equipment at an Industrial Enterprise]. Upravlenie

proektami i programmami, 2015, no 3, pp. 196–204.

5. Sergeev A.A. Ekonomicheskaya bezopasnost’ predpriyatiya [Economic Security of an Enterprise: Textbook and Workshop for Universities]. Ucheb. i praktikum dlya vuzov. 3-e izd. Moscow, Yurayt, 2023.

6. Modenov A.K., Belyakova E.I., Vlasov M.P., Lelyavina T.A. Ekonomicheskaya bezopasnost’ predpriyatiya [Economic Security of an Enterprise]. Saint Petersburg, Izd-vo SPbGASU, 2019, 550 p.

7. Goloshchapova L.V., Yakushina S.O. Upravlenie finansovymi riskami v sfere zdravookhraneniya i sposoby ikh minimizatsii [Managing Financial Risks in the Healthcare Sector and Ways to Minimize Them]. Vestnik Akademii znaniy, 2019, no 31, pp. 278–281.

8. Zavrazhskiy A.V. Kompleksnoe strakhovanie riskov professional’noy meditsinskoy otvetstvennosti [Comprehensive Insurance of Professional Medical Liability Risks]. Problemy analiza riska, 2020, vol. 17, no 3, pp. 82–89.

9. Zadvornaya O.L., Alekseev V.A., Borisov K.N. Kadrovye riski v obespechenii bezopasnosti meditsinskoy deyatel’nosti [Personnel Risks in Ensuring the Safety of Medical Activities]. MIR (Modernizatsiya. Innovatsii. Razvitie), 2017, no 8, pp. 132–139.

10. Salkhaeva B.D., Nurbaeva G.K., Zhumakarimov M.A., Amanov S.B. Upravlenie riskami v zdravookhranenii: Obzor literatury [Risk Management in Healthcare: a Literature Review]. Journal of Health Development, 2020, vol. 17, no 35, pp. 24–29.

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.198.2024.36-41

In the modern world, deep structural changes are taking place due to changes in technological structures. This process is accompanied by dramatic changes in the system of economic assessments and large-scale shifts in the economy.

Global energy industry is facing serious challenges and upheavals, requiring the search for new development opportunities for the fuel and electric complex. There are two key components implied here. The first one is the energy challenges facing the Eurasian Economic Union. The second is the readiness to overcome them through joint efforts.

References:

[1] — [15] no 5/2024, p. 31.

16. Movkebaeva G.A., Ondash A.O., Bimagambetova Zh.T., Saiylybaev A.M. Formirovanie obshchego energeticheskogo rynka EAES kak faktor obespecheniya energeticheskoy bezopasnosti Evraziiyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza [Formation of the Common EAEU Energy Market as a Factor in Ensuring Energy Security of the Eurasian Economic Union]. Vestnik KazNU. Seriya filosofii, kul’turologii i politologii, 2018, no 65(3), pp. 97–104, available at: https://bulletin-philospolit.kaznu/index.php/1-pol/article/view/701

17. Reshenie Vysshego Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soveta ot 8 maya 2015 g. N 12 “O Kontseptsii formirovaniya obshchego elektroenergeticheskogo rynka Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza” [Decision of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council dated May 8, 2015 No. 12 “On the Concept of Forming a Common Electric Power Market of the Eurasian Economic Union”]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza, 2015, 12 maya, available at: http://www.eaeunion.org/

18. Reshenie Vysshego ekonomicheskogo soveta ot 31 maya 1916 g. N 7 “O Kontseptsii formirovaniya obshchego rynka gaza Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza” [Decision of the Supreme Economic Council of May 31, 1916 No. 7 “On the Concept of Forming a Common Gas Market of the Eurasian Economic Union”]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza, 2016, 31 maya, available at: http://www.eaeunion.org//

19. Reshenie Vysshego Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soveta ot 6 dekabrya 2018 g N 18 “O formirovanii obshchego rynka gaza Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza” (vmeste s “Programmoy formirovaniya obshchego rynka gaza Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza”, “Planom meropriyatiy po formirovaniyu obshchego rynka gaza Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza”) [Decision of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council of December 6, 2018 No. 18 «On the Formation of a Common Gas Market of the Eurasian Economic Union» (together with the «Program for the Formation of a Common Gas Market of the Eurasian Economic Union», «Plan of Measures for the Formation of a Common Gas Market of the Eurasian Economic Union»)]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza, 2018, 7 dekabrya, available at: http://www.eaeunion.org/

20. Rasporyazhenie Vysshego Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soveta ot 1 oktyabrya 2019 g. N 6 “O garmonizatsii zakonodatel’stva gosudarstv — chlenov Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza v sfere transportirovki i postavki gaza mezhdu gosudarstvami-chlenami” [Order of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council dated October 1, 2019 No. 6 “On Harmonizing Legislation of the Member States of the Eurasian Economic Union in the Field of Gas Transportation and Supply between Member States”]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Evraziyskogo ekonomicheskogo soyuza, 2019, 2 oktyabrya, available at: http://eaeunion.org/