DOI: 10.33917/es-5.203.2025.20-27

The article examines transformation of the international financial settlement system, catalyzed by anti-Russian sanctions. Formation of a new global financial system is facing resistance from the beneficiaries of the existing world order, but there are ways to bypass the barriers being erected. Fur ther development will require complete replacement of Western financial instruments and institutions in the markets and jurisdictions of non-Western countries.

References:

1. Ageev A. I. Smena gegemona: voyna i ekonomika [The Change of the Hegemon: War and Economics]. Moscow, INES, RUBIN, 2016, 184 p.

2. Glaz’ev S.Yu. Poslednyaya mirovaya voyna. SShA nachinayut i proigryvayut [The Last World War. The USA Starts and Loses]. Moscow, Knizhnyy mir, 2016, 512 p.

3. Dalio R. Principles for Dealing with the Changing World Order: Why Nations Succeed and Fail. Avid Reader Press/Simon & Schuster, 2021, 576 p.

4. Dolya dollara i evro pri raschetakh za rossiyskiy eksport upala nizhe 20% [The Share of the Dollar and Euro in Settlements for Russian Exports Fell Below 20%]. RBK, 2024, 17 avgusta, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/finances/17/08/2024/66bf2e639a7947944b318a70

5. Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities, available at: https://ticdata.treasury.gov/Publish/mfh.txt

6. Kakie strany vladeyut bol’shey chast’yu dolga SShA? [Which Countries Own the Most US Debt?]. USAFacts, 2024, 1 avgusta, available at: https://usafacts.org/articles/which-countries-own-the-most-us-debt/

7. Gold Demand Trends Full Year 2022. World Gold Council, 2023, January 31, available at: https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/gold-demand-trends/gold-demand-trends-full-year-2022

8. China Gold Reserves. Trading Economics, available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/china/gold-reserves

9. RBI Moves 100 Tonnes Gold from UK to Its Vaults in India. Times of India, 2024, May 31, available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/indiabusiness/rbi-brings-back-over-100-tonnes-of-gold-from-uk-to-its-reserves-report/articleshow/110497346.cms

10. RMB Tracker. March 2025, available at: https://www.swift.com/sites/default/files/files/rmb-tracker_march-2025.pdf

11. Babaev K.V., Sergienko E.E., Van Tszinvey, Li Fen, Sazonov S.L. Internatsionalizatsiya yuanya v ramkakh initsiativy “Poyas i Put’” [Internationalization of the Yuan within the Framework of the Belt and Road Initiative]. ETAP: Ekonomicheskaya Teoriya, Analiz, Praktika, 2024, no 1, pp. 75–90.

12. The First China-UAE Gas Deal in Yuan: A New Blow to Dollar Dominance. The Cradle. 2023. April 6, available at: https://thecradle.co/articles/the-firstchina-uae-gas-deal-in-yuan-a-new-blow-to-dollar-dominance

13. Reuters: neftyanye sdelki Rossii s Indiey podryvayut gospodstvo dollara [Reuters: Russia’s Oil Deals with India Undermine the Dollar’s Dominance]. TASS, 2023, 8 marta, available at: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/17219603?utm_source=rfinance

14. Chast’ krupnykh bankov Kitaya perestala prinimat’ platezhi iz Rossii [Some Major Chinese Banks Have Stopped Accepting Payments from Russia]. RBK, 2024, 17 aprelya, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/business/17/04/2024/661f4a3c9a7947ce48d663ca

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.202.2025.108-113

The article dwells on the change in the market index of the “Economic Strategies” (MIES) for the first four months of 2025.

Contribution of supply and demand indicators to MIES is assessed. Industrial production is analyzed.

References:

1. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii. Yanvar’ — aprel’ 2025 g. [Socioeconomic Situation in Russia. January — April 2025]. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki, available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/osn-04-2025.pdf

2. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii. Yanvar’ — may 2025 g. [Socioeconomic Situation in Russia. January — May 2025]. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki, available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/osn-05-2025.pdf

3. Frenkel’ A.A., Tikhomirov B.I., Surkov A.A. Obnadezhivayushchie itogi strategicheskogo razvitiya Rossii v 2024 godu: ispytanie na prochnost’ v usloviyakh novoy real’nosti [Encouraging Results of Russia’s Strategic Development in 2024: A Test of Strength in the New Reality]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2025, no 2,

pp. 42–47, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.200.2025.42-47

4. Informatsiya ob uchastii Prezidenta RF v plenarnom zasedanii XXVIII Peterburgskogo mezhdunarodnogo ekonomicheskogo foruma 20 iyunya 2025 g.

[Information on the Participation of the President of the Russian Federation in the Plenary Session of the XXVIII St. Petersburg International Economic Forum on June 20, 2025]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/77222

5. Informatsiya o Federal’nom zakone ot 24 iyunya 2025 g. N 152-FZ “O vnesenii izmeneniy v Federal’nyy zakon ‘O federal’nom byudzhete na 2025 god i na planovyy period 2026 i 2027 godov” [Information about the Federal Law of June 24, 2025 No. 152-FZ “On Amendments to the Federal Law ‘On the Federal Budget for 2025 and for the Planning Period of 2026 and 2027”]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: http://kremlin.ru/acts/news/77260

DOI: 10.33917/es-2.200.2025.42-47

Changing of a conjuncture index of “Economic strategy” (CIES) for 2024 is considered. The contribution of indicators of supply and demand in CIES is estimated. The analysis of industrial production is carried out.

References: 

1. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii. Yanvar’ — dekabr’ 2024 goda [Socioeconomic Situation in Russia. January — December 2024]. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki, available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/osn-12-2024.pdf

2. Vystuplenie Prezidenta RF na 34-m ezhegodnom s”ezde Rossiyskogo soyuza promyshlennikov i predprinimateley 18 marta 2025 g. [Speech by the President of the Russian Federation at the 34th Annual Congress of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, March 18, 2025]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/76474

3. Informatsiya ob otchete Pravitel’stva RF v Gosudarstvennoy dume 26 marta 2025 g. o rezul’tatakh raboty v 2024 g. [Information on the Report of the Government of the Russian Federation to the State Duma on March 26, 2025 on the Results of Work in 2024]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Pravitel’stva RF, available at: http://government.ru/news/54597/

4. Frenkel’ A.A., Tikhomirov B.I., Surkov A.A. Itogi strategicheskogo razvitiya Rossii za pervye tri kvartala 2024 goda: strukturnaya perestroyka ekonomiki prodolzhaetsya [Results of Russia’s Strategic Development for the First Three Quarters of 2024: Structural Transformation of the Economy Continues]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2024, no 6(198), pp. 84–89, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-6.198.2024.84-89

5. Edinyy plan po dostizheniyu natsional’nykh tseley razvitiya do 2030 goda i na perspektivu do 2036 goda (utv. Predsedatelem Pravitel’stva RF 30 dekabrya 2024 g.) [Unified Plan for Achieving National Development Goals up to 2030 and for the Future up to 2036 (approved by the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation on December 30, 2024)]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Pravitel’stva RF, available at: ht tp://government.ru/news/53927

6. Strategiya prostranstvennogo razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2030 goda s prognozom do 2036 goda (utv. rasporyazheniem Pravitel’stva RF ot 28 dekabrya 2024 g. N 4146-r) [Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030 with a Forecast up to 2036 (approved by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 28, 2024 No. 4146-r)]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Pravitel’stva RF, available at: http://government.ru/docs/53917

DOI: 10.33917/es-6.198.2024.84-89

The article dwells on the change in the market index of the “Economic Strategies” (MIES) for the first nine months of 2024.

Contribution of supply and demand indicators to the MIES is assessed. Industrial production is analyzed.

References:

1. Informatsiya o XIII s”ezde Federatsii nezavisimykh profsoyuzov Rossii ot 29 oktyabrya 2024 g. [Information about the XIII Congress of the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia dated October 29, 2024]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/75434

2. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii v yanvare — sentyabre 2024 goda [Socio-economic Situation in Russia in January — September 2024]. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki, available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/osn-09-2024.pdf

3. Informatsiya o strategicheskoy sessii Pravitel’stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii o formirovanii edinogo plana po dostizheniyu natsional’nykh tseley razvitiya na period do 2030 goda i na perspektivu do 2036 goda ot 12 noyabrya 2024 g. [Information on the Strategic Session of the Government of the Russian Federation on the Formation of a Unified Plan for Achieving National Development Goals for the Period up to 2030 and for the Future up to 2036 dated November 12, 2024]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Pravitelstva RF, available at: http://government.ru/news/53282/

4. Prognoz sotsial’no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii na 2025 god i na planovyy period 2026 i 2027 godov [Forecast of Socio-economic Development of the Russian Federation for 2025 and for the Planning Period of 2026 and 2027], available at: file:///C:/Users/%D0%BF%D0%BA/Desktop/prognoz_socialno_ekonomicheskogo_razvitiya_rf_2025-2027.pdf

5. Frenkel’ A.A., Tikhomirov B.I., Surkov A.A. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe razvitie Rossii v I kvartale 2024 g. — ekonomicheskiy rost uskoryaetsya [Socioeconomic Development of Russia in the First Quarter of 2024 — Economic Growth is Accelerating]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2024, no 3(195), pp. 120–125, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-2.195.2024.120-125

6. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 7 maya 2024 g. “O natsional’nykh tselyakh razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2030 goda i na perspektivu do 2036 goda” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2024 “On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the perspective up to 2036”]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/73986

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.118.2024.26-40

The machine tool industry, microelectronics and the aviation industry are among the critically important sectors of the economy of any industrialized state, as they determine the technological sovereignty of industry and ensure the technological security of the country, as well as set the direction of innovative development. These industries have been the target of sanctions imposed by Western countries on Russia against the background of the Ukrainian crisis. «Unfriendly» states have imposed a ban on the supply of machine tools and components to the Russian Federation; microcircuits and other microelectronics; aircraft and their spare parts (including engines), in addition, leasing agreements with Russian airlines were terminated and aircraft maintenance was discontinued. In this regard, the industries in question faced serious challenges – to find a replacement for Western supplies as soon as possible and to mobilize their own production facilities. Even though the problem of dependence of the machine-tool, microelectronic and aviation industries on foreign supplies has been discussed for about 10 years (since the «Crimean» sanctions), no significant results have been achieved in terms of reducing import dependence. There was no collapse due to the restrictions imposed in these industries, but several difficulties arose, which require government support to solve.

References:

1. Analysis of the processor and controller market in Russia in 2018–2022, forecast for 2023–2027 under sanctions. BusinessStat. 2023. URL: https://businesstat.ru/news/processors_and_controllers/

2. Afanasyev A. The market for Russian machine tool products under external restrictions. Economy, entrepreneurship and law. 2023;13(10):4073–4088.

3. Butov A. The market for civil aircraft products. HSE Development Center. 2018. URL: https://dcenter.hse.ru/data/2018/11/19/1141804200/

4. State support for microelectronics in 2024 will amount to 210 billion rubles. Interfax. 2023. URL: https://www.interfax.ru/russia/925028

5. Kapoguzov E. Import dependence of the Russian civil aviation industry. Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Economics. 2022;58:58–76.

6. Comprehensive program for the development of the air transport industry of the Russian Federation until 2030. URL: http://static.government.ru/media/files/

7. Kostyuchenko S. The role of machine tool building in the modern economy and its impact on various industries and production processes. Economy and Society: Modern Development Models, 2023;13(3):177–194.

8. Microelectronics of Russia: from deficit to technological independence. Yakov and partners. 2023. URL: https://yakov.partners/upload/iblock/f25/

9. The current state of the Russian machine tool industry: problems and prospects. Rhythm of mechanical engineering. URL: https://ritm-magazine.com/ru/public/nastoyashchee-sostoyanie-rossiyskogo-stankostroeniya-problemy-i-perspektivy

10. Russia increased the production of civilian helicopters by 70% in 2022. Vedomosti. 2023. URL: https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2023/02/20/963574-rossiya-uvelichila-vipusk-grazhdanskih-vertoletov

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.196.2024.82-89

The reform of development institutions currently being carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation provides for their partial modernization and liquidation. At the same time, some institutions, in particular state-owned corporations, are not subject to reform due to the fact that their activities are strategically important and fully consistent with the goals of the country’s economic development. According to the authors of the article, the Rostec state-owned corporation today has positive experience in achieving the goals set by the state. The directions and results of Rostec’s activities during the sanctions period, industry and financial indicators, the execution of the state defense order and the share of civilian products, development directions in various sectors of the economy and innovative developments to ensure competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets are studied.

References:

1. Instituty razvitiya s”eli 5 trillionov rubley. Deputaty obvinili kvazigosudarstvennye struktury v neeffektivnosti [Development institutes ate 5 trillion rubles. Deputiesaccusedquasi-statestructuresofinefficiency]. Nezavisimayagazeta, 2019,10 oktyabrya, availableat:https://www.ng.ru/economics/2019-10-10/4_7699institute.html

2. Vladimir Kuz’min. Mishustin soobshchil ob optimizatsii institutov razvitiya [Mishustin announced the optimization of development institutions]. Rossiyskaya gazeta, 2020, 23 noyabrya, available at: https://rg.ru/2020/11/23/pravitelstvo-optimiziruet-sistemu-institutov-razvitiia.html

3. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 24 marta 2022 g. N 459 “O priznanii utrativshimi silu nekotorykh aktov Pravitel’stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii i o vnesenii izmeneniy v rasporyazhenie Pravitel’stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 31 dekabrya 2020 g. N 3710-r” [Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 24, 2022 No. 459 “On recognizing as invalid certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation and on amending the order of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2020 No. 3710-r”]. Konsul’tantPlyus, available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_413819/9 2d969e26a4326c5d02fa79b8f9cf4994ee5633b/#dst100006

4. Pribyl’ goskompaniy v Rossii upala sil’nee, chem u chastnykh. Tol’ko dve treti iz nikh zavershili 2022 god v plyuse [Profits of state-owned companies in Russia fell more than those of private ones. Only two-thirds of them ended 2022 in the black]. RBK, 2023, 10 maya, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/econo mics/10/05/2023/64525cc39a794734f6f7044d

5. Federal’nyy zakon ot 12 yanvarya 1996 g. N 7-FZ “O nekommercheskikh organizatsiyakh” [Federal Law of January 12, 1996 No. 7-FZ “On Non-Commercial Organizations”]. Konsul’tantPlyus, available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_8824/

6. Mazanaev M.Sh., Bekishiev N.A. Pravovoy status i osobennosti gosudarstvennykh korporatsiy v sovremennoy Rossii [Legal status and features of state corporations in modern Russia]. Yuridicheskiy vestnik DGU, 2022, vol. 44, no 4, pp. 83–90, DOI: 10.21779/2224-0241-2022-44-4-83-90

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.196.2024.30-37

The article dwells on the effectiveness of cryptocurrency technologies for international payments. Insufficiency of cryptocurrency resources for solving this problem under sanctions is shown. The author proposes a way to solve the problem by creating an international financial system based on a digital golden gram (abbreviated in English: DiGGram or digram) — a stealth cryptocurrency with an anonymous group stable and a zero-knowledge algorithm. It will be impossible for unfriendly states to track transactions of such currency. Emission of digram will not require mining or electricity consumption. Taxation of foreign trade transactions with digram should be carried out in the same way as taxation of transactions with other currencies. The article proposes an original information technology for the forced unlocking of blocked Eurodollar financial assets and converting them into resources to support the emission of a gold gram for forming financial assets of countries participating in the financial system based on a digital gold gram. The proposed measures will make it possible to unite up to 30 countries subject to sanctions into a new international financial system and create financial resources in the amount of up to 0 billion, of which up to 0 billion can be used to service international payments of the Russian Federation.

References:

1. V TsB prizvali “probovat’ vse” dlya resheniya problemy perevodov za rubezh [The Central Bank urged to “Try Everything” to Solve the Problem of Transfers Abroad]. RBK, Finansy, 2024, 26 iyunya, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/finances/26/06/2024/667c04189a79474a3d678ec2

2. Summarnaya kapitalizatsiya kriptovalyut dostigla 2,4 trln dollarov [Total Capitalization of Cryptocurrencies has Achieved .4 Trillion]. Blockchair, available at: https://blockchair.com/ru/news/summarnaa-kapitalizacia-kriptovalut-dostigla-24-trln-dollarov–d28ebf3e52

3. Kitay, Indiya i Turtsiya stali glavnymi torgovymi partnerami Rossii v 2023 godu [China, India and Türkiye have become Russia’s Main Trading Partners in 2023]. Izvestiya, 2024, 8 aprelya, available at: https://iz.ru/1678604/2024-04-08/kitai-indiia-i-turtciia-stali-glavnymi-torgovymi-partneramirossii-v-2023-godu

4. Valyuta, osnovannaya na odnom gramme zolota [Currency Based on one Gram of Gold]. Dzen. 2023. 10 iyulya. URL: https://dzen.ru/a/ ZKxbgrfr_3KEBIFV

5. Kogda poyavitsya novaya valyuta BRIKS i kak ona povliyaet na rubl’ [When the New BRICS Currency will Appear and How it will Impact the Rouble]. T–Zh. 2024. 18 aprelya. URL: https://journal.tinkoff.ru/news/brics-currency/

6. Yuliya Abdulbarova. Top-7 stran pod sanktsiyami: kak zhivut gosudarstva pod sanktsionnymi ogranicheniyami? [Top 7 Countries under Sanctions: How do States Live under Sanctions?]. LinDEAL. URL: https://lindeal.com/trends/top-7-stran-pod-sankciyami-kak-zhivut-gosudarstva-pod-sankcionnymi-ogranicheniyami

7. Zamorozka aktivov. Traditsii i novye printsipy raboty Zapada s rezervami tret’ikh stran [Asset Freezing. Traditions and New Principles of the West’s Work with Reserves of Third Countries]. Dzen, 2023, 27 dekabrya, available at: https://dzen.ru/a/ZYvtfjnG4kyLlH9F

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.196.2024.18-25

Despite improving economic indicators and revisions towards better forecasts for 2024, systemic threats and risks, which are not always obvious, remain in the global economy. In the article, the author draws attention to a number of new problems and circumstances that are changing financial landscape in the world. In particular, attention is paid to expanding approaches of central banks in new conditions, risks arising from the technological advancement of commercial banks, which requires more careful control to prevent a destabilizing effect on the financial sector as a whole, etc.

References:

1. BIS. Annual Economic Report. Basel, June, 2023, available at: https://www.bis.org/publ/arpdf/ar2023e.htm

2. UN. World Economic Situation and Prospects. May 2024, available at: https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/publication/world-economic-situationand-prospects-as-of-mid-2024/

3. Bank JP Morgan otkroet bolee 500 novykh otdeleniy v blizhayshie tri goda [JP Morgan will Open More than 500 New Branches in the Next Three Years]. Kommersant. 2024. 6 fevralya. URL: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/6494367

4. China’s central bank hints it may add treasury bond trades to policy toolkit. Reuters. April 23, 2024, available at: https://www.reuters.com/world/china/ chinas-central-bank-hints-it-may-add-treasury-bond-trades-policy-toolkit-2024-04-23/

5. UN. World Economic Situation and Prospects. January 2024. UN, available at: https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/publication/world-economicsituation-and-prospects-2024/

6. Roskongress. Zamorozka aktivov. Traditsii i novye printsipy raboty Zapada s aktivami tret’ikh stran [Росконгресс. Roscongress. Freeze of Assets. Traditions and New Principles of Western Work with Assets of Third Countries]. Roskongress, 2023, Dekabr’ available at: https://roscongress.org/materials/ zamorozka-aktivov-samoupravstvo-ili-zakonnyy-shag/

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.195.2024.120-125

The article dwells on the change in the market index of “Economic Strategies” (MIES) for the first quarter of 2024. The contribution of demand and supply indicators to the KIES is assessed. Analysis of industrial production is carried out.

References:

1. Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie Rossii. Yanvar’ — mart 2024 god: Doklad [Socio-Economic Situation in Russia. January – March 2024: Report]. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki, available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/osn-03-2024.pdf

2. Stsenarnye usloviya funktsionirovaniya ekonomiki Rossiyskoy Federatsii, osnovnye parametry prognoza sotsial’no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii i prognoziruemye izmeneniya tsen (tarifov) na tovary, uslugi khozyaystvuyushchikh sub”ektov, osushchestvlyayushchikh reguliruemye vidy deyatel’nosti v infrastrukturnom sektore, na 2025 god i na planovyy period 2026 i 2027 godov [Scenario Conditions for Functioning of the Economy of the Russian Federation, the Main Parameters of the Forecast of Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation and Projected Changes in Prices (Tariffs) for Goods and Services of Business Entities Carrying out Regulated Activities in the Infrastructure Sector for 2025 and for the Planning Period of 2026 and 2027]. Ministerstvo ekonomicheskogo razvitiya RF, available at: https://economy.gov.ru/material/directions/makroec/prognozy_socialno_ekonomicheskogo_razvitiya/scenarnye_usloviya_funkcionirovaniya_ekonomiki_rf_osnovnye_parametry_prognoza_socialno_ekonomicheskogo_razvitiya_rf_na_2025_god_i_na_planovyy_period_2026_i_2027_godovhtml

3. Poslanie Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii Federal’nomu sobraniyu Rossiyskoy Federatsii 29 fevralya 2024 goda [Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on February 29, 2024]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/73585

4. Ukaz Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 7 maya 2024 g. “O natsional’nykh tselyakh razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2030 goda i na perspektivu do 2036 goda” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 2024 “On the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the Period until 2030 and for the Future up to 2036”]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/73986

5. Frenkel’ A.A., Tikhomirov B.I., Surkov A.A. 2023 god: ukreplenie gosudarstvennogo suvereniteta i ustoychivosti strategicheskogo razvitiya Rossii v usloviyakh turbulentnosti [2023: Strengthening the State Sovereignty and Sustainability of Russia’s Strategic Development in Conditions of Turbulence].

Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2024, no 1(193), pp. 70–75, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.193.2024.70-75

DOI: 10.33917/es-3.195.2024.16-27

Chronicles of the trade and economic war (sanctions, restrictions, etc., in fact, attempts to organize an economic, scientific and technical blockade) of the conventionally united West against Russia after 2014 in general and after the beginning of the Limited Military Operation in particular clearly demonstrate that Atlantic opponents didn’t manage to defeat us economically. They don’t understand why that happened… Russia, to the whole world’s surprise, is successfully realizing its economic potential, monetizing it into stability of the political regime and building up a victorious defence potential. What’s the cause of such macroeconomic stability (national strength) of Russia?

References:

1. Isard W. Interregional and Regional Input-Output Analysis: A Model of a Space Economy. Review of Economics and Statistics, 1951, vol. 33, pp. 318–328.

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3. Koopman R., Wang Z., Wei Shang-Jin. Tracing Value-Added and Double Counting in Gross Exports. NBER Working Paper no 18579, Cambridge, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012.

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