DOI: 10.33917/es-4.202.2025.128-133

The world energy sector is in a phase of transformation. Current processes of reorganizing the world energy sector structure are usually called the fourth energy transition. Traditional concept of the fourth energy transition implies a gradual phaseout of fossil fuels and increasing the share of renewable energy in the global energy balance in order to reduce carbon emissions. The article proposes to revise the number of energy transitions and proposes electric energy as an independent type of fuel to serve as the basis for the current energy transition.

References:

1. Makharov A.A., Mitrova T.A., Kulagin V.A. (Eds.) Prognoz razvitiya energetiki mira i Rossii — 2019 [Forecast of Energy Development in the World and Russia 2019: Archived Copy from October 24, 2021]. Wayback Machine. INEI RAN. Moscow, Institute of Energy Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INEI RAN), Moscow School of Management Skolkovo, 2019, 210 p.

2. World Energy Outlook’2024 (IEA). Energy Institute, available at: https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review

3. Il’kovskiy K.K., Il’kovskiy D.K. Solnechnyy svet protiv uglya [Sunlight Against Coal]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2020, no 3, pp. 134–141, DOI: 10.33917/es-3.169.2020.134-141

4. Zubakin V.A., Zhukov P.A. Ekonomicheskaya effektivnost’ elektrostantsiy na vozobnovlyaemykh istochnikakh energii na primere pokazatelya LCOE [Economic Efficiency of Renewable Energy Power Plants Using the LCOE Indicator as an Example]. Santekhnika. Otoplenie. Konditsionirovanie, 2024, no 10(274), pp. 72–75, EDN ENBUPX

5. Stoimost’ proizvodstva elektroenergii iz vozobnovlyaemykh istochnikov v 2024 g. [The Cost of Electricity Production from Renewable Sources in 2024]. RenEn, 2025, 23 iyulya, available at: https://renen.ru/stoimost-proizvodstva-elektroenergii-iz-vozobnovlyaemyh-istochnikov-v-2024-godu

6. 2024 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy. Energy Institute, available at: https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review

7. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. United Nations, available at: https://www.un.org/en/desa/world-population-projected-reach-98-billion-2050-and-112-billion-2100?ysclid=mdg7abr1rq298500462

The article outlines the methodological foundations for the creation and development of the closed energy complex of the Kuril Islands in the Sakhalin Region based on the use of local types of renewable energy sources (RES). An estimate of the expected economic effect from the use of renewable energy is given.

One of the major goals of political and economic sanctions, imposed on Russia in post-Crimean period, is an attempt of Western geostrategic players to intercept the trade and financial flows between Russia and the countries importing energy and raw resources of Russian or transit origin. These flows are the basis of economic, political and social well-being of Russia. Under extremely severe change of external economic conditions of the Russian energy companies activities an urgent development of a new strategy for their integration into the world economy is required. Such a strategy should be based on the organizational model of the space-stream arrangements and interaction of Russian energy companies, which could be implemented in the most effective way based on the concept of forming energy hubs abroad as a kind of energy infrastructure nodes combining different business profiles of Russian economic agents activities.