DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.123.2025.106-110

There are currently many problems in forestry, including deep-rooted problems in the form of illegal logging, corruption in the division of forest resources and the growth of organized crime. Regions where logging is almost the only source of livelihood for the population are particularly susceptible to these problems. The perception of forest resources as simple raw materials that bring quick profits, rather than as a valuable ecosystem that creates a climate balance, leads to negative consequences leading to the depletion of national wealth. The existing methods of assessing the level of the shadow economy of forestry cannot provide a comprehensive picture, as well as determine the indicators that most affect latent crimes in the field of forestry. The authors propose a methodology for determining the shadow economy of forestry, followed by strategic measures to improve the economic security of forestry.

References:

1. Brief edition of «Russkaya Pravda». Russian legislation of the 10th-20th centuries. Vol. 1. Moscow, 1984.  p. 38.

2. Kuramshin V.Ya. Brief history of forestry in Russia. Forest Bulletin. 2019;2:50-52.

3. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 13.06.1996 No. 63-FZ (as amended on 27.12.2019). URL: https://base.garant.ru/10108000/

4. Forest Code of the Russian Federation of 04.12.2006 No. 200-FZ (as amended on 04.08.2023 Federal Law No. 486). URL: https://base.garant.ru/12150845/

5. Konstantinov A.V. Subject – object structure of economic security in the forestry sector of the economy. Socio-economic phenomena and processes. 2025;10(5):30-35.

6. Myasnikov D.A. Tools and methods for determining the scale of the shadow economy in the forestry complex: Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Econ.) Dissertation. Irkutsk, 2009. 23 p.

7. Tolpyshev G.V. Economic formats for identifying latent crimes in the activities of forestry organizations. Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Econ.) Dissertation. Perm, 2020. 23 p.

8. Pinaev I.Yu., Svetlakov A.G. Methodological approaches to determining the level of the shadow economy in forestry. Microeconomics. 2025;1(120):86-91.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.123.2025.111-117

The need to analyze the fundamental problems of the development of education in Russia in modern conditions necessitates the need to clarify the principles of the functioning of the national educational system and the methodological foundations for understanding the role of education in developing effective measures to ensure economic security and influence the development of Russian reality in the context of the transformation of the existing monopolar world order into a multipolar governance structure of world civilization.

References:

1. Anishchenko A.V., Faibusovich K.B. Financial sovereignty and financial security of Russia in the modern world: lessons of history. Questions of history. 2023; 2(1):118-127.

2. Worked according to European standards: how the Secret Chancellery protected Peter I and Russian sovereignty. URL: https://russian.rt.com/science/article/499360-rossia-300-let-taynaya-kancelyaria

3. Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918. Electronic museum of constitutional history of Russia. URL: http://rusconstitution.ru/term/44/

4. History of the collapse of the USSR. Prerequisites and main steps. URL: https://tass.ru/info/13298931

5. Law of the RSFSR of 31.10.1990 No. 293-1 «On Ensuring the Economic Basis for the Sovereignty of the RSFSR». URL: http://www.consultant.ru/

6. Law of the Russian Federation of 05.03.1992 No. 2446-1 «On Security». Vedomosti of the CIS and the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. from 09.04.1992, No. 15, Art. 769.

7. Constitution of the Russian Federation (Adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993, with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on July 1, 2020). URL: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102027595

8. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 17.12.1997 No. 1300 On Approval of the Concept of National Security of the Russian Federation. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_17186/

9. Memories of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich: two books in one volume. 2nd ed., corrected. Moscow: 2001. 524 p. ISBN 5-8159-0023-0.

10. Federal Law of 28.12.2010 No. 390-FZ «On Security». URL: https://base.garant.ru/12181538/

11. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 02.07.2021 No. 400 «On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation». URL: https://base.garant.ru/401425792/

12. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 28.02.2024 No. 145 «On the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation». URL: https://base.garant.ru/408618353/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.123.2025.118-123

According to the IMF, the US GDP growth rate in 2025 will decrease to 1,6% with the forecast for US GDP growth in 2024 being 2,1%. Our article [1] provides an analysis of «Black Monday» on August 5, 2024, which marked the beginning of the global financial crisis. In this article, we will outline the further course of this crisis. In Russia, GDP growth for the first half of 2024 was 4,6%, for 2024 – 4,1%. The forecast for real GDP for the world was 3,2% in 2024 and, according to the IMF, the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation gave a conservative scenario, according to which the growth of Russian GDP in 2025 will be 1,7%, inflation 3,7% (Kommersant, 09.14.2024, p. 19).

References:

[1] See in No. 2 (121)/2025. p. 131.

2. BP may change its decision to reduce oil and gas production. The company plans to change its strategy to reduce oil and gas production by 40%. Neftegaz.RU. October 2024. URL: https://neftegaz.ru/news/companies/858590-bp-mozhet-izmenit-svoe-reshenie-ob-umenshenii-proizvodstva-nefti-i-gaza/

3. Oil continues to rise in price amid concerns about a large-scale conflict in the Middle East. Neftegaz.RU. October 2024. URL: https://neftegaz.ru/news/finance/858410-neft-prodolzhaet-dorozhat-na-fone-opaseniy-po-povodu-masshtabnogo-konflikta-na-blizhnem-vostoke/

4. Sechin I.V. Energy transition and phantom barrels: Abandon hope, all ye who enter here. The bright future of global energy will take everyone. Report at the XXVII St. Petersburg International Economic Forum. June 8, 2024. URL: https://www.rosneft.ru/upload/site1/attach/spief_2024/SPIEF2024_speech_rus.pdf

5. Abrekov M.M. Model of economic growth of real GDP in the USA. Bulletin of the Altai Academy of Economics and Law. 2020;5-1: 5-11.