DOI: 10.33917/es-3.189.2023.24-35

Situation in the country and the world is so complex and uncertain that it is practically impossible to imagine simple, proven forms and tools of management that were used earlier. In response to this challenge, an “engineering approach” is proposed as a synthesis of social and scientific-technological engineering. As the main line for practical application of this approach in the conditions of Russia, the concept of forming the core of strategic action subject within the framework of a new type of social organization, the “Public Engineering Park”, is discussed.

References:

1. Fursov A. Na poroge novogo mira — est’ li sub’ekt strategicheskogo deistviya? ili Zheleznye trebovaniya istoricheskogo protsessa [On the Threshold of a New World — is there a Subject of Strategic Action? or Iron Requirements of the Historical Process]. Sait Andreya Fursova, available at: http://andreyfursov.ru/news/na_poroge_novogo_mira_est_li_subekt_strategicheskogo_dejstvija_ili_zheleznye_trebovan ija_istoricheskogo_processa/2011-03-13-8.

2. Smirnov E.P. Stanet li Rossiya vysokotekhnologichnoi stranoi? [Will Russia Become a High-tech Country?]. Nezavisimaya gazeta, 2003, 12 fevralya, available at: https://www.ng.ru/science/2003-02-12/13_technology.html.

3. Bannykh O. Fabrika intellektual’nogo spetsnaza [Factory of Intellectual Special Forces]. Ekspert. Ural, 2004, 2 fevralya, available at: https://expert.ru/ural/2004/04/04ur-unauk_66655/

4. Smirnov E.P. Rossiya snova na pereput’e. Konkurentosposobnost’ ili degradatsiya: Interv’yu [Russia is at a Crossroads Again. Competitiveness or Degradation: Interview]. Budushchaya Rossiya, 2011, 12 maya, available at: https://futurerussia.ru/extranet/blogs/smirnoff/58/?sphrase_id=441346.

5. Vil’yams Dzh.D. Sovershennyi strateg, ili Bukvar’ po teorii strategicheskikh igr [Perfect Strategist or Primer on the Theory of Strategic Games]. Moscow, Sovetskoe Radio, 1960, 266 p.

6. Smirnov E.P. Media proekt “Balans interesov” [Media Project “Balance of Interests”]. Budushchaya Rossiya, available at: https://futurerussia.ru/upload/iblock/647/Mediaproekt.pdf.

7. Smirnov E.P. Platforma upravleniya razvitiem. Kak naiti balans interesov gosudarstva, biznesa i naseleniya v protsesse formirovaniya I realizatsii programm razvitiya? Inzhenernyi podkhod: Trudy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii “Institutsional’nye i finansovye mekhanizmy razvitiya territorial’nykh klasterov i tekhnologicheskikh platform”, g. Dubna, 11–12 noyabrya, 2016 g. [Development Management Platform. How to Find a Balance of Interests of the State, Business and Population in the Process of Formation and Implementation of Development Programs? Engineering Approach: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Institutional and Financial Mechanisms for the Development of Territorial Clusters and Technological Platforms”, Dubna, November 11–12, 2016]. Budushchaya Rossiya, available at: http://futurerussia.ru/upload/iblock/647/Smirnov%20EP_doklad_Dubna.pdf.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-5.185.2022.22-29

Recently the role of sanction restrictions has sharply increased in the practice of regulating economic relations between countries,

meanwhile their application is determined by many factors. At the same time, in the context of intensifying geopolitical competition and growing volatility of the global economy, the dynamics of sanctions application raises more and more questions. On the one hand, economic sanctions are an instrument of coercion for target countries, and on the other hand they make international exchange and cross-border mobility of the factor more and more vulnerable. Heterogeneous nature of the economic sanctions’ impact on sending and target countries does not allow us to say that sanctions are an unambiguous instrument of an effective trade policy.

This article analyzes the key narratives of economic sanctions regimes in all their diversity at the present stage, new forms and

mechanisms of sanctions, as well as their consequences for various aspects of life of the world community.

References:

1. Spiegelberger W.R. Anatomy of a Muddle: U.S. Sanctions against Rusal and Oleg Deripaska. Russia Political Economy Project, Foreign Policy Research Institute, 2019, April 29, available at: https://www.fpri.org/article/2019/04/anatomy-of-a-muddle-u-s-sanctions-against-rusal-and-oleg-deripaska/

2. Sanger D.E., Benner K., Goldstein V. Huawei and Top Executive Face Criminal Charges in the U.S. New York Times, 2019, January 28, available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/28/us/politics/meng-wanzhou-huawei-iran.html.

3. Hufbauer G.C., Jung E. What’s new in economic sanctions? European Economic Review, 2020, vol. 130, iss. C, pp. 103572.

4. Bapat N.A., Heinrich T., Kobayashi Y., Morgan T.C. Determinants of Sanctions Effectiveness: Sensitivity Analysis Using New Data. International Interactions, 2013, vol. 39 (1), pp. 9–98.

5. Early B.R., Spice R. Economic Sanctions, International Institutions, and Sanctions Busters: When Does Institutionalized Cooperation Help Sanctioning Efforts? Foreign Policy Analysis, 201, vol. 11 (3), pp. 339–360.

6. Peksen D. Autocracies and Economic Sanctions: The Divergent Impact of Authoritarian Regime Type on Sanctions Success. Defence and Peace Economics, 2017, vol. 30 (3), pp. 253–268.

7. Connolly G.E. Economic Sanctions. Agencies Assess Impacts on Targets, and Studies Suggest Several Factors Contribute to Sanctions’ Effectiveness. Report to Congressional Requesters, GAO-20-145, United States Government Accountability Office (GAO), 2019, October, p. 19.

8. Krustev V.L., Morgan T.C. Ending Economic Coercion: Domestic Politics and International Bargaining. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 2011, vol. 28 (4), pp. 351–376.

9. Nooruddin I., Payton A.L. Dynamics of Influence in International Politics: The ICC, BIAs, and Economic Sanctions. Journal of Peace Research, 2010, vol. 47 (6), pp. 711–721.

10. Golliard M.M. Economic Sanctions: Embargo on Stage. Theory and Empirical Evidence. Fribourg, University of Tampere, 2013, January, pp. 107, 108.

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.175.2021.64-69

Technological advances have resulted in rapid decrease of the data processing unit cost, which has stimulated a significant increase in the use of digital information that can be manipulated at a high speed and with low marginal costs. This change facilitated the use and integration of digital products and transactions, which led to continuous structural transformation of the economy. Digital technologies are increasingly blurring the boundaries between human life and information technologies, which requires a systemic approach to innovative business models, but so far general concept and unified methodology for systemic development of digital business models are missing. The present article summarizes the main approaches to analyzing changes in business models under the influence of digital transformation. The latter has led both to modification of global value chains and to the development of a new type of global digital platforms operating based on a new system of competitive advantages