DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.181.2022.112-117

The era of digital reorganisation will engender transformation of the world economy, largely determining the vector of civilizational development. Despite the losses of the 20^th century, Russia, having the potential of fundamental science and resource self-sufficiency, is still among the few countries capable of leadership in changing conditions. Post-COVID economy has only accelerated the transformation process, generating thrust for the rapid growth of “unicorns”, mainly in the markets of platform and ecosystem solutions. Russia may become the “homeland” of such “unicorns”, and their scaling will provide the growing consumer market of Africa, which is a favourable territory for development and localization of scaling of science-intensive exports that can ensure the well-being of national economies.

Источники:

1. Mirovaya geografiya kompanii-edinorogov [Global Geography of Unicorn Companies]. Nauka, tekhnologii, innovatsii, 2021, September, 24, available at: https://issek.hse.ru/mirror/pubs/share/508603329.pdf.

2. United Nations e-Government Survey 2018. United Nations, 2018, available at: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Portals/egovkb/Documents/un/2018-Survey/E-Government%20Survey%202018_FINAL%20for%20web.pdf.

3. Rossiya stala odnim iz mirovykh liderov po urovnyu proniknoveniya fintekh-uslug [Russia has Become One of the World Leaders in Terms of Fintech Services Penetration]. EY, available at: https://www.ey.com/ru_ru/news/2019/11/news-ey-fintech-survey-2019.

4. Pri Mishustine nalogovoe vedomstvo Rossii stalo odnim iz luchshikh v mire [Under Mishustin, the Tax Department of Russia has Become One of the Best in the World]. Federal’noe agentstvo novostei, available at: https://riafan.ru/1242831-pri-mishustine-nalogovoe-vedomstvo-rossii-stalo-odnim-iz-luchshikh-v-mire.

5. African Economic Outlook 2021. African Development Bank Group, available at: https://www.afdb.org/en/knowledge/publications/african-economic-outlook.

6. Sammit “Rossiya — Afrika” [Russia-Africa Summit]. Ofitsial’nyi sait Prezidenta RF, available at: http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/61893.

7. From magazine: African air cargo market bucks global trend. Logistics update Africa, available at: https://www.logupdateafrica.com/african-air-cargo-marketbucks-global-trend.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.181.2022.118-125

With the Soviet Union’s collapse Russia became a recipient country for labour migrants from Central Asian countries. First of all, this is related to the fact that migration subsystem has been formed, based on socio-economic relations between the countries of the former Soviet Union, as well as to geographic proximity; secondly, there are more opportunities for migrants in Russia — there is the lack of jobs in their countries, low wages and therefore migrants move to Russia mainly in search of a better life. In this article, the authors examine the settlement dynamics of migrants from Central Asian countries in the Siberian Federal District and in the Far Eastern Federal District. The main factors that influence the resettlement of migrants in these territories were identified. As a result of the study, it was revealed that these two federal districts are quite attractive for migrants from the mentioned countries, despite rather severe climate, since in case of the Central Asian countries the socio-economic factor prevails over the natural-climatic one.

Источники:

1. Otchet o nauchno-issledovatel’skoi rabote “Printsipy formirovaniya Ekaterinburgskoi aglomeratsii”: Etap 2 “Podgotovka proektnykh predlozhenii po formirovaniyu Ekaterinburgskoi aglomeratsii” [Report on the “Principles of Forming the Yekaterinburg Agglomeration” Research Work: Stage 2 “Preparation of Project Proposals for the Formation of the Yekaterinburg Agglomeration”]. Ministerstvo stroitel’stva i razvitiya infrastruktury Sverdlovskoi oblasti, available at: https://minstroy.midural.ru/article/show/id/1185.

2. Ryazantsev S.V. Rol’ trudovoi migratsii v razvitii ekonomiki Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Role of Labour Migration in the Development of the Russian Federation’s Economy]. RefWorld, available at: https://www.refworld.org.ru/docid/58875fb04.html.

3. Shafranov-Kutsev G.F. Sotsial’no-demograficheskie problemy osvoeniya Sibiri [Socio-demographic Problems of Siberian Exploration]. Siberian Socium, 2017, no. 1, pp. 13–24, available at: DOI: https://doi.org/10.21684/2587-8484-2017-1-1-9-17

4. Rasporyazhenie Pravitel’stva RF ot 27 maya 2013 g. N 848-r “Perechen’ territorii prioritetnogo zaseleniya” (vstupilo v silu s 1 yanvarya 2014 g.) [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 27, 2013 No. 848-r “List of Priority Settlement Areas” (Came into Force on January 1, 2014)]. Ofitsial’nyi sait Pravitel’stva RF, available at: http://government.ru/docs/2130/

5. Migratsionnye protsessy v Sibiri: narody, kul’tury, gosudarstvennaya politika [Migration Processes in Siberia: Peoples, Cultures, State Policy]. Sb. nauch. trudov. Omsk: ITs KAN, 2018, 328 p.

6. V Primor’e zhdut na rabotu trudovykh migrantov [Primorye is Waiting for Labour Migrants to Work]. Sputnik Tadzhikistan, 2018, July, 19, available at: https://sptnkne.ws/scfu.

7. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoi statistiki, available at: https://rosstat.gov.ru/

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.181.2022.126-137

The studies on the history of managerial thought do not fully cover the development of management schools in Russia in the 20th century and don’t mention many scientists, who were at the origins of scientific schools, and organizations within which they emerged. Hypotheses are put forward about how researchers in the last 30 years have made an attempt to study the schools of managerial thought in the 20th century in various organizations, especially universities. Narrative, comparative and historical research methods are used. The author describes the main schools of management in Russia in the 20th century, their origins, evolution, inspirers and leaders, as well as their main scientific works. The question of scientific schools of the two greatest mega-projects, successfully implemented in the USSR – nuclear and space project, remains unexplored. It is concluded that in Russia during the twentieth century. Management thought was developing, but it is currently extremely difficult to describe a holistic picture of the evolution of scientific management schools.

Источники:

1. Bezborodova M.A. Zarubezhnye nauchnye shkoly v psikhologii [Foreign Scientific Schools in Psychology]. Ucheb. posobie. Moscow, Moskovskii pedagogicheskii gosudarstvennyi universitet, 2020.

2. Nauchnye shkoly Voenno-vozdushnoi inzhenernoi akademii imeni professora N.E. Zhukovskogo (Voennogo aviatsionnogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta): istoriya razvitiya i sovremennoe sostoyanie: izdano k 80-letiyu VVIA im. prof. N.E. Zhukovskogo (VATU) [Scientific Schools of the Air Force Engineering Academy Named after Professor N.E. Zhukovsky (Military Aviation Technical University): History of Development and Current State: Published on the 80th Anniversary of the Air Force Engineering Academy Named after N.E. Zhukovsky (VATU)]. Moscow, Akademiya aviatsii, 2000.

3. Nauchnye shkoly Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta imeni N.E. Baumana. Istoriya razvitiya [Scientific Schools of the Bauman Moscow State

Technical University. History of Development]. 2-e izd. Moscow, Izd-vo MGTU im. N.E. Baumana, 2005.

4. Zaparii V.V. Nauchnye shkoly Ural’skogo federal’nogo universiteta: Entsiklopediya [Scientific Schools of the Ural Federal University: Encyclopedia]. Ekaterinburg, Izd-vo Ural’skogo universiteta, 2020.

5. Sadovnichii V.A., et al. O nauchnykh issledovaniyakh i nauchnykh shkolakh. Evraziiskoe prostranstvo [On Scientific Research and Scientific Schools. Eurasian Space]. Pod red. V.A. Sadovnichego (gl. red.), I.V. Semina, A.V. Sidorovicha. Moscow, Izd-vo Moskovskogo un-ta, 2010, 255 p. (Seriya: Evraziiskie universitety XXI veka / Evraziiskaya assots. un-tov).

6. Ustyuzhanina E.V., Evsyukov S.G., Petrov A.G., Kazankin R.V., Dmitrieva M.B. Nauchnaya shkola kak strukturnaya edinitsa nauchnoi deyatel’nosti [Scientific School as a Structural unit of Scientific Activity]. Moscow, TsEMI RAN, 2011, pp. 4, 8, 9. (Preprint #WP/2011/288).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.181.2022.138-145

The article is dedicated to two world-famous scientists, the founder of Soviet genetics and experimental biology, Nikolay Konstantinovich Koltsov (1872–1940) and his brilliant student, the founder of chemical mutagenesis, Hero of Socialist Labour, Lenin Prize laureate, Nobel Prize nominee (1962), member-correspondent of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Iosif Abramovich Rapoport (1912–1990). Both made a huge contribution to convergence and blending of different sciences, bridging living and non-living nature. Just over 120 years ago, two great theories emerged — the quantum and the gene one. Both theories played a revolutionary role in natural science, having established two fundamental features of the material world — discreteness and discontinuity. Speaking at the same time in the language of discontinuity, quantum physics and genetics throughout the entire 20th century were following parallel courses, enriching themselves with new facts and ideas. The laws they discovered have broken many ideas on the “good old world”, where phenomenological interconnections dominate, have reduced the essence of all things and phenomena to combinatorics and the atoms and genes activities, have given the keys to controlling many natural processes. Dynamic nature of the microworld objects’ research would continue in the 21st century, since many unsolved problems related to human needs remain in the field of high energy physics, genetics, molecular biology and nanotechnologies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.181.2022.5

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.181.2022.146-149

Review of the book by A.S. Galushka, A.K. Niyazmetov, M.O. Okulov “Crystal of Growth: Towards the Russian Economic Miracle”, published in 2021 by Nashe Zavtra CJSC with support of Rostec State Corporation, Siber JSC and RT-Security JSC.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.181.2022.6-19

The article highlights the short history of the Russian and world digitalization in details, focusing on the identified problems and priorities, which must be resolved if to successfully build and further effectively function information society in all its aspects.

The theoretical part has formed important opinions and ideas about the topic under study and shows that the spread of digital technology in all spheres of life is evidence of an active stage in the transition of human civilization from an industrial development stage to a digital one with social reality relevant to it. An analysis to identify the process of digitalizing human civilization’s linear development vector based on creating an indicative planning system allowed the author to conclude that there is a long-awaited transition to a purposeful scientific management of society and the state.

As it follows from the title of the article, legal coverage and all-round socialization are dominant in providing a successful solution to many challenges of digitalization. Russia’s political class is fully aware of the need to develop legal provisions, which are able to successfully prevent and mitigate possible threats to information society. It is primarily about the data breach related to both the functioning of the State and corporate/personal data. But the proposed draft legal acts of various kinds do not provide enough insight into how these protective, desirably preventive measures will be globally and nationally ensured.

Digitalization offers great opportunities for a rapid economic and social recovery to society. Developing information and communication technology gives an unprecedented rise in productivity, creates new forms of work organization, ensures conditions for increased trade in goods and services, offers infinite possibilities for education, communication between representatives of various societies and cultures, community commitment and network. The challenges of digitalization are so complicated that they do not seem possible to be solved by legal precedents without enhancing the population’s moral upbringing. The efforts of the really responsible citizens, the users of digital technology, the Internet initially can only effectively confront a new global digital environment in which there are opportunities to act rather immorally while at the same time anonymously and with impunity. We shall have to act gradually, but as strict as possible in the domestic and international legalization of the “digital environment”, paying a special attention to its moral dimension and the creation of particular barriers for ethical violations.

Источники:

1. Moiseev N.N. S myslyami o budushchem Rossii [Thinking About the Future of Russia]. Moscow, Fond sodeistviya razvitiyu sotsial’nykh i politicheskikh nauk, 1997, pp. 59–60.

2. Pochemu Mask ne da Vinchi. Kasperskaya — o tsifrovom kontrole i “kloune” iz SShA [Why Musk is not da Vinci. Mrs Kaspersky — About Digital Control and the “Clown” from the USA]. Argumenty i fakty, 2021, June, 25, available at: https://aif.ru/society/web/pochemu_mask_ne_da_vinchi_kasperskaya_-_o_cifrovom_kontrole_i_kloune_iz_ssha.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.181.2022.154-158

Collection of articles “University City: the Architecture of Meanings”, published in 2021 by VTsIOM together with the Publishing House of the Tomsk State University, brought together authors from different countries, adhering to various scientific fields, which are connected by a common interest in understanding the university city phenomenon. Today, in the context of advanced demands for science, technology and effective education, a convergent vision of social and educational elements of production and the knowledge dissemination as the basic characteristic of a post-industrial society is becoming of high demand. One of historically tested responses to demands of the time is creation and development of university cities, where a single social, educational and communicative space is formed. Problems, hypotheses and examples of successful world and Russian experience form a kind of architecture of meanings, which the authors of the book discuss in a popular form.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.181.2022.20-33

The introduction of digital technologies has a significant impact on the development of the entire public administration system and its most important element — the strategic planning system. Modern digital intelligent technologies and the work of government bodies based on the advanced achievements of management science and the unity of methodological approaches make it possible to raise the strategic planning system to a qualitatively new level. The key to success is the coordinated development of both the public administration system itself and the nationwide information and control systems. The authors, based on the analysis of the content of strategic management activities and the information used for this activity, formulated general approaches to the choice of information technologies to ensure the implementation of the stages of strategic  management.

Источники:

1. Putin V.V. Zasedanie Soveta Bezopasnosti 27 sentyabrya 2021 g. [Meeting of the Security Council on September 27, 2021. Ofitsial’nyi sait Prezidenta RF, available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/66777.

2. Ukaz Prezidenta RF ot 8 noyabrya 2021 g. N 633 “Ob utverzhdenii Osnov gosudarstvennoi politiki v sfere strategicheskogo planirovanii v Rossiiskoi Federatsii” [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 8, 2011 No. 633 “On Approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy in the Sphere of Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation”]. Garant, available at: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/402915816/

3. Kudryashova E.V. Informatsionnye tekhnologii dlya strategicheskogo planirovaniya v Rossii: etapy razvitiya i perspektivy [Information Technology for Strategic Planning in Russia: Development Stages and Prospects]. Gosudarstvennaya vlast’ i mestnoe samoupravlenie, 2021, no 2, pp. 36–40.

4. Andreeva Z.K., Baryshnikov P.Yu., Zhurenkov D.A., et al. Strategicheskoe tselepolaganie v situatsionnykh tsentrakh razvitiya [Strategic Goal-setting in Situational Development Centers]. Pod red. V.E. Lepskogo, A.N. Raikova. Moscow, Kogito-Tsentr, 2018, 320 p.

5. Kupryashin G.L., Shramm A.E. O printsipakh datatsentrizma, setetsentrizma i komandnotsentrizma v kontekste informatizatsii gosudarstvennogo upravleniya [On Principles of Data, Network, and Chain-Of-Command Centricity in the Context of Digital Governance]. Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie. Elektronnyi vestnik, vyp. 76, 2019, October.

6. Zatsarinnyi A.A., Il’in N.I., Kolin K.K., et al. Situatsionnye tsentry razvitiya v polisub”ektnoi srede [Situational Development Centers in a Multi-subject Environment]. Problemy upravleniya, 2017, no 5, pp. 31–42.

7. Kaplan R., Norton D. Strategicheskie karty. Transformatsiya nematerial’nykh aktivov v material’nye rezul’taty [Strategic Maps. Converting Intangible Assets into Tangible Results]. Moscow, Olimp-Biznes, 2005, 512 p.

8. Kaplan R., Norton D. Sbalansirovannaya sistema pokazatelei. Ot strategii k deistviyu [The Balanced Scorecard. From Strategy to Action]. Moscow, Olimp-Biznes, 2017, 320 p.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33917/es-1.181.2022.34-39

The article dwells on the problems of organizing state audit based on digital technologies. The concept of digital register and digital platforms is proposed, the author also describes system and software solutions that allow to provide continuous audit and, on its basis, adaptive management of public resources based on audit data in the economic-mathematical balance model that characterizes intersectoral production relationships in the country’s economy.

Источники:

1. Iskusstvennyi intellekt v audite: snimaem nalet mistiki [Artificial Intelligence in Audit: Removing the Mystique]. GAAP.RU, available at: https://gaap.ru/articles/Iskusstvennyy_intellekt_v_audite_snimaem_nalet_mistiki/

2. Blokchein v mire audita. Udastsya li proektu Auditchain proizvesti revolyutsiyu na rynke finansovoi otchetnosti i audita? [Blockchain in the World of Audit. Will the Auditchain Project Succeed in Revolutionizing the Financial Reporting and Audit Market?]. ClickChain, available at: https://clickchain.ru/2018/07/31/blokchejn-v-mire-audita/

3. Schetnaya palata Rossiiskoi Federatsii, available at: http://audit.gov.ru/about/

4. Schetnaya palata pereidet na tsifrovoi audit v techenie trekh let [Accounts Chamber will Switch to Digital Audit Within Three Years]. TASS, 2018, August, 2, available at: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/5423538.

5. Tsifrovoi audit — budushchee Schetnoi palaty [Digital Audit is the Future of the Accounts Chamber]. Schetnaya palata RF, 2019, October, 11, available at: http://audit.gov.ru/press_center/news/38884.

6. Tsifrovye tekhnologii v bukhgalterskoi i auditorskoi deyatel’nosti [Digital Technologies in Accounting and Auditing]. BizEcucate, available at: https://bizeducate.com/11/2018/tsifrovye-tehnologii-v-buhgalterskoj-i-auditorskoj-deyatelnosti/