DOI: 10.33917/es-2.200.2025.20-29

The article examines the issues of shaping environmental human rights as a scientific and legal category. Analysis of the influence of international law, regional and national legal systems on the development of environmental human rights is carried out. Using the example of environmental insurance and insurance coverage for the LUKOIL Group, legal instruments for guaranteeing human environmental rights as a component of environmental safety in the Caspian region are considered.

References: 

1. Discuss about the UN universal declaration of human rights. The Lawyers&Jurists, available at: https://www.lawyersnjurists.com/article/discuss-universal-declarationhuman-rights/

2. Jankuv J. Concept of Substantive Human Right to Environment under International Public Law. International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science, 2019, no 7(2), pp. 19–29.

3. Knox J.H. Constructing the Human Right to a Healthy Environment. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 2020, vol. 16, pp. 79–95.

4. Tret’yakova A.A. Ekologicheskie prava grazhdan v gosudarstvakh — chlenakh Evropeyskogo soyuza: Dis. … kand. yurid. nauk [Environmental Rights of Citizens in the Member States of the European Union: Diss…. Cand. of Law]. Moscow, 2001, pp. 126, 127.

5. Solntsev A.M. Sovremennoe mezhdunarodnoe pravo o zashchite okruzhayushchey sredy i ekologicheskikh pravakh cheloveka: Monografiya [Contemporary International Law on Environmental Protection and Human Environmental Rights: Monograph]. Moscow, 2013, pp. 24–68.

6. Eseyin M., Udoh S.E. When Rights Violate Rights: International Protection of Human Rights, Some Necessary Considerations. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2015, vol. 5, no 6(1), June 2015, available at: https://www.ijhssnet.com/journal/index/ 3124

7. Rezolyutsiya SPCh GA OON 48/13 “Prava cheloveka na chistuyu, zdorovuyu i ustoychivuyu okruzhayushchuyu sredu” (prinyata na 48-y sessii SPCh GA OON 18 oktyabrya 2021 g.) [UN HRC Resolution 48/13 “Human Rights to a Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment” (adopted at the 48th session of the UN HRC on 18 October 2021)], available at: http://cawater-info.net/library/rus/un-hrs-48-13-r.pdf

8. Rezolyutsiya GA OON 76/300 “Pravo cheloveka na chistuyu, zdorovuyu i ustoychivuyu okruzhayushchuyu sredu” (prinyata na 76-y sessii GA OON 1 avgusta 2022 g.) [UNGA Resolution 76/300 “The Human Right to a Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment” (adopted at the 76th session of the UNGA on 1 August 2022)], available at: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N22/442/80/PDF/N2244280.pdf

9. Rezolyutsiya A/RES/70/1 “Preobrazovanie nashego mira: Povestka dnya v oblasti ustoychivogo razvitiya na period do 2030 g.” (prinyata GA 25 sentyabrya 2015 g.) [Resolution A/RES/70/1 “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” (adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015)]. 44 p.

10. Official Records 97th plenary meeting Seventy-sixth session General Assembly United Nations, 28 July 2022, A/76/PV.97. 28 July 2022. P. 5–19.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.110.2023.59-71

The article is devoted to creating new and improving existing infrastructure in the territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, ensuring the year-round operation of the Northern Sea Route as a promising international main waterway. The authors analyze the liquefied natural gas production plants, ports, and railways under construction on the coast of the seas of the Arctic Ocean as these objects create opportunities for increasing the volume of maritime transport and icebreakers, as well as the speed of goods delivery to the countries of the Southeast Asia and the Pacific basin. In addition, the facilities optimizing energy supply are studied as key impacts that improve the conditions and quality of life of the population in this area. The authors analyze the fundamental documents for the development of the Arctic zone, approved by the President and the Government of the Russian Federation. The article highlights dynamics of the population, average per capita cash income from 2005 to 2021 as the main factor contributing to the population stability and the main indicators from the annual state statistical reporting, that characterize the changes in the level of atmosphere and surface water pollution and determine the level of environmental safety of the Arctic zone territories of the Russian Federation.

References:

1. On the Fundamentals of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the period up to 2035: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 5, 2020. No. 164. URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/73606526/?ysclid=leipxu0360530940135

2. On the strategy for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and ensuring national security until 2035: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 26, 2020. No. 645. URL:  https://base.garant.ru/74810556/?ysclid=leiptmnf9732603907

3. On the land territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 2, 2014. No. 296 Retrieved from: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/70547984/?ysclid=leipqod76a520696147

4. On approval of the plan for the development of the Northern Sea Route for the period up to 2035: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 1, 2022. No. 2115-r. URL:  https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/405010751/?ysclid=ldj6si8gbn565996760

5. On the peculiarities of providing citizens with land plots that are in state or municipal ownership and located in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and in other territories of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation, and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation: Federal Law of 05/01/2016. No. 119-FZ. URL:  https://base.garant.ru/71388648/?ysclid=leiq5wwuqg271926707

6. On production and consumption waste: Federal Law No. 89-FZ of June 24, 1998 (as amended on December 19, 2022. URL: https://base.garant.ru/12112084/?ysclid=leiq4enzyz155209384

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.98.2021.95-103

The article deals with international and Russian documents defining strategic directions, goals and plans of environmental protection activities. It was found out that basically all international agreements regulate measures to protect the air basin and preserve the forests of the planet, reduce emissions of harmful and polluting substances into the atmosphere. In the Russian Federation, these activities are regulated by national projects, for example, the Ecology project. The authors propose methods that allow analyzing the state of environmental components, the level of their pollution and the costs of environmental protection on the basis of available data from the annual statistical reports of the Russian Federation.