DOI: 10.33917/es-6.204.2025.134-143

The article proposes to examine a preliminary version of a program for improving methodological tools for increasing the level of objectivity when making decisions on classifying or declassifying information. The program consists of several stages, which include: conducting preliminary work, including collecting information and solving specially formulated problems, solution of which would facilitate the implementation of these stages; collecting additional information and solving the assigned problems; analyzing the information received and solving the problems that arise; ensuring ongoing monitoring of the implementation effectiveness of the proposed program. A total of 32 such problems are formulated. Furthermore, the authors discuss ways to improve methodological principles and methodological tools in this area. In conclusion, the authors present a plan for future research in the above area.

References:

1. Sagan C. The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark. Ballantine Book. New York, 1996, 457 p.

2. Zakon Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 21.07.93 N 5485-1 “O gosudarstvennoy tayne” (v red. federal’nykh zakonov ot 06.10.97 N 131-FZ, ot 30.06.2003 N 86-FZ, ot 11.11.2003 N 153-FZ, ot 29.06.2004 N 58-FZ, ot 22.08.2004 N 122-FZ, ot 01.12.2007 N 294-FZ, ot 01.12.2007 N 318-FZ, ot 18.07.2009 N 180-FZ, ot 15.11.2010 N 299-FZ, ot 18.07.2011 N 242-FZ, ot 19.07.2011 N 248-FZ, ot 08.11.2011 N 309-FZ, ot 21.12.2013 N 377-FZ, ot 08.03.2015 N 23-FZ, ot 26.07.2017 N 193-FZ, ot 29.07.2018 N 256-FZ, ot 30.12.2020 N 481-FZ, ot 09.03.2021 N 39-FZ, ot 11.06.2021 N 170-FZ, ot 14.07.2022 N 292-FZ, ot 04.08.2022 N 359-FZ, ot 05.12.2022 N 498-FZ, ot 04.08.2023 N 432-FZ, ot 08.08.2024 N 249-FZ) [Law of the Russian Federation of 21.07.93 No. 5485-1 “On State Secrets” (as amended by federal laws of 06.10.97 No. 131-FZ, of 30.06.2003 No. 86-FZ, of 11.11.2003 No. 153-FZ, of 29.06.2004 No. 58-FZ, of 22.08.2004 No. 122-FZ, of 01.12.2007 No. 294-FZ, of 01.12.2007 No. 318-FZ, of 18.07.2009 No. 180-FZ, of 15.11.2010 No. 299-FZ, dated 18.07.2011 No. 242-FZ, dated 19.07.2011 No. 248-FZ, of 08.11.2011 No. 309-FZ, of 21.12.2013 No. 377-FZ, of 08.03.2015 No. 23-FZ, of 26.07.2017 No. 193-FZ, of 29.07.2018 No. 256-FZ, of 30.12.2020 No. 481-FZ, of 09.03.2021 No. 39-FZ, of 11.06.2021 No. 170-FZ, of 14.07.2022 No. 292-FZ, of 04.08.2022 No. 359-FZ, of 05.12.2022 No. 498-FZ, dated 04.08.2023 No. 432-FZ, dated 08.08.2024 No. 249-FZ)]. Konsul’tantPlyus, available at: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_2481/

3. Veryutin V.N. Otdel’nye aspekty zashchity gosudarstvennoy tayny v Rossiyskoy Federatsii [Certain Aspects of the Protection of State Secrets in the Russian Federation]. Vestnik Voronezhskogo instituta MVD Rossii, 2009, no 2, pp. 17–22.

4. Kotov M.A., Kravchenko A.Yu., Chervonenko V.Yu. Ob opredelenii ekonomicheskogo ushcherba bezopasnosti gosudarstva vsledstvie nesanktsionirovannogo raskrytiya svedeniy, sostavlyayushchikh gosudarstvennuyu taynu v VS RF [On the Determination of Economic Damage to State Security Due to the Unauthorized Disclosure of Information Constituting a State Secret in the RF Armed Forces]. Voennaya mysl’, 2009, no 6, pp. 21–26.

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.202.2025.114-121

At enterprises, various groups have always emerged and will continue to emerge, created on an initiative basis and demonstrating their own management intentions, often having access to an enterprise’s management resources for their implementation. Some of these groups are formalized (for example, trade unions, parties), while others remain informal (for example, adherents of one industrial school).

Consequently, enterprises may be considered as potential objects of multi-loop management, in which the subjects of management are both administrative and command-coalition management groups expressing political and vital activity of the enterprise’s divisions.

According to the works [1–3], development of a multi-level management system will contribute to successful resolution of conflict situations at enterprises and strengthening of their market positions, for example, by creating three fundamental management contours: administrative one, when the subject of management is the enterprise’s administration; command-coalition contour, in which the subjects of management is represented by institutionalized or non-institutionalized management communities of enterprises; and finally converging

one, within the framework of which a certain group, created by the enterprise’s management, carries out coordinated functioning and development of the first two management circuits. Identification and forecasting of such coalition teams within the framework of intracompany management, as well as theoretical and practical solutions regarding the converging management contour at enterprises are necessary to ensure their sustainable development in the context of increasingly frequent socio-economic crises.

References:

1. Vartanyan A.A. Metodologiya komandno-koalitsionnogo upravleniya predpriyatiem [Methodology of Command-coalition Management of the Enterprise]. Moscow, MAI-PRINT, 2008, 320 p.

2. Vartanyan A.A. Technology of Сonvergence of Team-coalition and Administrative Control of Industrial Enterprise. Amazonia Investiga, 2020, no 9(26), pp. 423–431.

3. Vartanyan A.A. Transformatsiya promyshlennykh predpriyatiy v sploshnoy intellektual’noy srede [Transformation of Industrial Enterprises in a Continuous Intellectual Environment]. Monografiya. Moscow, Sputnik +, 2020, 324 p.

4. Vartanyan A.A., Sidel’nikov Yu.V. Tseli gruppy [Group Goals]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2005, no 7(41), pp. 114–119.

5. Von Neumann and Morgenstern. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton University Press, 1944, 625 p.

6. L’yus R., Rayf Kh. Igry i resheniya. Vvedenie i kriticheskiy obzor [Games and Solutions: An Introduction and Critical Review]. Moscow, Izd-vo inostrannoy literatury, 1961, 642 p.

7. Nash J. Non-Cooperative Games: A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of Princeton University in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 1950. May.

8. Karpenko A.S. Fatalizm i sluchaynost’ budushchego: logicheskiy analiz [Fatalism and the Randomness of the Future: A Logical Analysis]. AN SSSR, In-t filosofii. Moscow, Nauka, 1990, 213 p.

DOI: 10.33917/es-1.199.2025.66-73

The article examines the change in ideas about technology from 1772, when Johann Beckmann introduced the term “technology” into scientific use, to the present day. A modern approach to forecasting the technology evolution as a certain implementation of a complex self-developing system is proposed. Comparative analysis of technological and biological evolution is carried out. The ar ticle examines a systemic approach to expert forecasting technology as a separate modern direction, within the framework of which the author proposes its hypershell and dwells on the systemic constituent elements of this shell. Eight directions for future research in the field of technology forecasting are examined.

References:

1. Demidchenko V.V. Ponyatie politicheskikh tekhnologiy: sushchnost’, formy i vidy [Concept of Political Technologies: Nature, Forms and Types]. Vlast’, 2015, vyp. 12, pp. 140–142.

2. Kharichkin I.K. O ponyatii “politicheskie tekhnologii” [On the Concept of “Political Technologies”]. Vestnik universiteta, 2013, vyp. 8, pp. 75–78.

3. Lem S. Summa tekhnologiy [Sum of Technologies]. Moscow, Mir, 1968, 608 p.

4. Kul’turologiya. XX vek [Cultural Studies. 20th Century]: Entsiklopediya. Gl. red., sost. S.Ya. Levit. Saint Petersburg, Universitetskaya kniga, 1998, vol. 2: M – Ya. Vol. 2, 1998, 446 p.

5. Heidegger M. Die Frage nach der Technik. Die Kunste im technischen Zeitalter. München, 1954, S. 70–108.

6. Bol’shaya Rossiyskaya entsiklopediya [The Great Russian Encyclopedia]. V 30 t. Moscow, 2004.

7. Gibert P. Théologie en modernité et postmodernité. Recherches de Science Religieuse, 2004, no 3(3), pp. 341, 342.

8. Kononenko B.I. Bol’shoy tolkovyy slovar’ po kul’turologii [Big Explanatory Dictionary of Cultural Studies]. Moscow, Veche, 2003, 509 p.

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10. Traditsionnaya i sovremennaya tekhnologiya: Filos.-metodol. analiz [Traditional and Modern Technology: Philosophical and Methodological Analysis]. Moscow, IFRAN, 1998, 216 p.

11. Vig D.N. Technology, Philosophy and Politics. Technology and Politics. E. Kraft Michael and J. Vig Norman (eds.). Durham, NC, and London, Duke University Press, 1988, 356 p., pp. 7–15.

12. Kurdyumov S.P. Zakony evolyutsii i samoorganizatsii slozhnykh system [Laws of Evolution and Self-organization of Complex Systems]. Moscow, IPM, 1990, 45 p. Bibliogr.: pp. 36–45. (Preprint. In-t prikl. matematiki im. M.V. Keldysha AN SSSR, no 45.)

13. Shchedrovitskiy G.P. Filosofiya. Nauka. Metodologiya [Philosophy. Science. Methodology]. Moscow, 1997, 642 p.

14. Stepin V.S. Samorazvivayushchiesya sistemy i postneklassichekaya ratsional’nost’ [Self-developing Systems and Post-non-classical Rationality]. Voprosy filosofii, 2003, no 8, pp. 5–17.

15. Tekhnologiya kak vyzov vremeni (izuchenie, ponyatie i tipy tekhnologiy) [Technology as a Challenge of Time (Study, Concept and Types of Technologies)]. Philosophy and Cosmology, 2017, vol. 19, pp. 133–142.