DOI: 10.33917/mic-6.125.2025.35-46

This article analyzes the prospects of integrating renewable energy sources into Russia’s power systems, which are facing the depletion of traditional generation resources. Using the Krasnokamensk CHP plant – critical for the Zabaykalsky Krai – as a case study, the paper explores a hybrid solution involving wind power installations to offset coal shortages. The study evaluates the techno-economic aspects of this approach, including the use of the Weibull distribution function to accurately assess the wind energy potential of the region. It is demonstrated that a synergy between wind power and CHP is the optimal strategy for extending the operational life of the plant, diversifying the fuel mix, and achieving sustainable development goals.

References:

1. International Energy Agency. Coal 2024: Analysis and Forecast to 2027. Paris: IEA, 2024. 188 p. URL: https://www.iea.org/

2. The Global Economy. URL: https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/

3. Power Systems of Russia. Website of the System Operator of the Unified Energy System. URL: https://www.so-ups.ru/functioning/ups/ups2024/

4. Ryabov G. A., Dolgushin I. A., Gutorov V. F. Developments Justifying the Creation of New Generation Coal CHP Plants. Modern Science. Moscow, 2012. pp. 31–35.

5. Online platform EnergyBase. Technological Equipment of the Krasnokamensk CHP of PPGHO. URL: https://energybase.ru/power-plant/chp-ppgho-krasnokamenskaya/process-facilities#unit-947

6. Annual Report of PJSC «PPGHO» for 2023. URL: https://priargunsky.armz.ru/images/File/priargunsky/2024/Godovoy_otchet_2023.pdf

7. Truck Queues Form at the Urtuy Coal Mine in Zabaykalsky Krai. Not Everyone Manages to Buy Coal. Chita Ru. URL: https://www.chita.ru/text/economics/2024/11/08/74312840/

8. Zhukov P.A., Ilkovsky K.K. Providing the Far East with Electricity Using Wind Power Stations: The Case of Sovetskaya Gavan in Khabarovsk Krai and Nakhodka in Primorsky Krai. Microeconomics. 2025;3:110–118.

The causes of the power outage in Spain on April 28, 2025, are examined. It is concluded that the transition to clean but less manageable energy creates problems in the security system.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.124.2025.41-53

The article presents the calculated shares of the key economic activity indicators for the territories–mineral extraction and the volumes of mineral processing industries combined–and the individual enterprises’ share of extraction and processing volumes in the regions, in macroregions (federal districts), and in the Russian Federation as a whole. The authors also determined the shares of each of these economic activities in the gross regional product of individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation, macroregions, and the Russian Federation as a whole. These calculations allowed for a comparative analysis of the dynamics of these shares since 2010, determining the current proportions of these indicators, and identifying the degree of proportionality between the development of mineral extraction volumes and the volumes of mineral processing industries in the study territories.

References:

1. On approval of the strategy for the development of the mineral resource base of the Russian Federation until 2050: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 11, 2024 No. 1838-r/ Regulatory portal «Garant». URL: https://base.garant.ru/409441699/

2. Khakulov V.A., Khakulov V.V. Excavators of robotic open-pit developments of the future. Mining. 2016;3(9):35-42.

3. Methodology for controlling the parameters of a mining system in the dynamics of mining operations to ensure the sustainable functioning of a mining enterprise in changing market conditions / Gavrishev S.E., Zalyadnov V.Yu., Kurochkin A.I., Melnik V.V., Pytalev I.A. Bulletin of Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov. 2024;22(4):5-14.

4. Pashkevich N.V., Iseeva L.I., Fedchenko A.A. Russia on the world markets reserves, production, export. Notes of the Mining Institute. 2014;208:60-64.

5. Daukaev A.A., Gatsaeva L.S., Gagaeva Z.Sh., Sobisevich A.V. Mining and geoecological problems of the 20th century. Modern problems of science and education. 2014. No. 6. URL: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=15337

6. Dubynina T.G. Mining in Russia and its regions. Strategy of sustainable development of the regions of Russia. 2012;9:26-31. URL: https://science-education.ru/article/view?id=15337

7. Uzdieva N.S., Akhtaev S.S., Aisungurov N.D. Formation of a semi-continuously cast billet under vibration action. Bulletin of Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov. 2024;22(3):52-59.

8. Zaides S.A., Bui M.Z., Ponomarev B.B. Correction of the local section of cylindrical parts before running-in with smooth plates. Bulletin of Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov. 2024;22(3):71-80.

9. Galimov D.M., Ardashev D.V., Degtyareva-Kashutina A.S. Investigation of the quality of the chrome coating of titanium parts obtained by electroplating with a discrete change in the time-current parameters of the chrome plating process. Bulletin of Magnitogorsk State Technical University named after G.I. Nosov. 2023;21(2):37-46.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.124.2025.35-40

The implementation of an organizational and economic mechanism for early degassing of coal seams is an essential aspect of improving the safety, efficiency and environmental sustainability of the coal industry. Economic aspects show that with proper organization and modernization of degassing technologies, projects can be highly profitable, reducing costs through automation and the synergy of various methods. At the same time, significant investments require a balanced analysis and government support, which contributes to the development of safe and environmentally friendly technologies.

References:

1. Order No. 507 of the Federal Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision Service dated December 8, 2020 «On Approval of Federal Standards and Regulations in the field of Industrial Safety Safety Rules in Coal Mines». URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/573140209

2. Order No. 498 of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision dated December 28, 2023 «On Approval of the Safety Manual “Recommendations for Degassing Coal Mines”». URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/408359195/

3. Bobrikov A.I., Makavchik I.A., Gulkova S.G., Minakova P.S. The prospects and technological features of coalbed methane production // International Journal of Information Technology and Energy Efficiency. 2023;8(11 (37)): 46-50.

4. Kuzina E.S., Ilyin M.V., Mirzabalaev R.V. The concept of early degassing of coal seams for the development of the coal industry and the economy of the region. Microeconomics. 2025;1:96-102. DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.120.2025.96-102

5. Odintsovo V.N., Miletenko N.A., Fedorov E.V. Modeling of geomechanical conditions of borehole production of methane from coal seams. Izvestiya Tulskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Earth Sciences. 2024;1:510-527.

6. Shishlyaev V.V., Shvachko E.V., Vasiliev A.N., Pimenov V.P. Approximate numerical modeling of methane production from coal seams. Scientific Journal of the Russian Gas Society. 2024;2 (44):38-48.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.124.2025.21-34

The article examines the prospects and examples of microgeneration development in Russia, analyzes the potential of distributed energy, legal and economic aspects, and shows the role of microgeneration as a factor of energy system stability.

References:

1. Solar Power in Germany – Output, Business & Perspectives. Clean Energy Wire. URL: https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/solar-power-germany-output-business-perspectives

2. Solar + Storage + Microgrids: Paving an Affordable, Accessible Lane for Commercial EV Charging. Microgrid Knowledge. URL: https://www.microgridknowledge.com/electric-vehicles/article/55311254/

3. Tong X., et al. Solar energy integration in urban environments. Nature Energy, 2023.

4. Tollefson J. Why solar power got so cheap – and why it’s not everywhere (yet). Nature, 2020.

5. Residential building with solar façade demonstrates energy efficiency record. RusCable.ru. 20.08.2025. URL: https://www.ruscable.ru/news/2025/08/20/

6. Andrey Bochkarev: The roof of the office center in the Danilovsky district will consist of solar panels. MoscowChanges.ru. URL: https://moscowchanges.ru/news/andrej-bochkarev-krysha-ofisnogo-tsentra-v-danilovskom-rajone-budet-sostoyat-iz-solnechnyh-batarej/

7. What will the experiment with solar panels on roofs mean for St. Petersburg residents? 78.ru. 12.08.2021. URL: https://78.ru/articles/2021-08-12/

8. Krasnodar Krai is a leader in solar energy in the agricultural sector. Ecoproject-Energo (Sochi). 07.10.2025. URL: https://sochi.ekoproekt-energo.ru/news/2025/10/07/

9. Mongun-Taygu will be warmed by the sun. Tuva Pravda. URL: https://tuvapravda.ru/arkhiv/mongun-taigu-sogreet-solntse/

10. Solar-powered information boards installed at eight more Kazan bus stops. Vechernyaya Kazan. URL: https://www.evening-kazan.ru/obshhestvo/news/

11. Integration of Solar Power Systems in Building Envelopes. ScienceDirect, 2025. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352710225025215

12. Advances in Photovoltaic Facade Technologies for Urban Sustainability. ScienceDirect, 2025. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025016184

13. Federal Law of March 26, 2003 No. 35-FZ «On Electric Power Industry». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_41502/

14. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 4, 2020 No. 666 «On the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions». URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/74756623/

15. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 29, 2021 No. 3052-r «On Approval of the Strategy for the Socioeconomic Development of the Russian Federation with Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions through 2050». URL: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_399657/f62ee45faefd8e2a11d6d88941ac66824f848bc2/

16. National standard of the Russian Federation GOST R «Green multi-apartment buildings. Criteria for assessing multi-apartment buildings and rules for design, construction, and operation». URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200193111

DOI: 10.33917/mic-5.124.2025.13-20

The method of analytical calculation of the microeconomic criteria of investment efficiency into PWR Small Modular Reactor is presented as depending on the engineering, physical and economic parameters of the reactor. This method is convenient for multi-variant preliminary searches of acceptable criteria for SMR competitiveness. As a prototype SMR reactor is being considered RITM-200N with a period of 6 years of continuous work (before fuel overload) and the use of tolerant fuels, accident-resistant, consisting of metal ceramic composition in a chromium-nickel alloy shell (42XHM). The results of calculations of the relationship between engineering and physical parameters of the reactor, electricity costs and the payback period for investments are given.

References:

[1-19] see in No. 4 (123)/2025. p. 67-69

20. Petrunin V.V. Reactors for small nuclear power plants. Vestnik RAS. 2021;91(6):528-540.

21. Petrunin V.V. et al. Scientific and technical aspects of reactor RITM-200N creation for small nuclear power plants. Atomic Energy. 2023;134(1-2):3-10. URL: https://www.j-atomicenergy.ru/index.php/ae/article/view/5265

22. Semenov E. V., Kharitonov V.V. Analytical Construction of Grid Diagrams for Burnup of Nuclear Fuel of Different Compositions in Water-Cooled Reactors. VANT, Ser. Physics of nuclear reactors. 2024;1: 51-57.

23. Semenov E. V., Kharitonov V.V. Analytical Dependence of the Burnup on the Enrichment of Prospective Fuel and the Parameters of the Fuel Campaign of Reactors/ Izvestiya vuzov. Yadernaya Energetika. 2023;3:94-105

24. Future of Nuclear Power. An Interdisciplinary MIT Study. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. 180 р. URL: https://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/pdf/nuclearpower-full.pdf

25. Nuclear New Build: Insights into Financing and Project Management. NEA No. 7195. OECD 2015. 248 р. URL: https://oecd-nea.org/upload/docs/application/pdf/2019-12/7195-nn-build-2015.pdf

26. JSC Atomenergoprom. Annual Report, 2024. 235 p. URL: https://atomenergoprom.ru/upload/iblock/9de/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.123.2025.70-78

The work includes a comparative analysis of various types of low-power power plants in order to select the most competitive and safe for energy supply to isolated regions. The results obtained emphasize that in the conditions of energy-isolated regions of the Russian Federation, it is advisable to replace traditional diesel power plants with low-power modular nuclear power plants (LSMP) with innovative fuel, which can reduce the cost of electricity for the population by 40-60%. Such a replacement not only increases economic efficiency, but also reduces the environmental burden, and increases the energy sustainability of territories. The work contributes to the development of strategies for energy supply to remote territories within the framework of Russian Federation programs. The practical significance of the work lies in the formation of a scientific basis for strategies for the development of energy in remote regions of the Russian Federation. The findings can be used in the development of state initiatives in the field of low-carbon energy and ensuring energy security of the country.

References: 

1. Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation. On approval of guidelines for the design of energy systems development and on amendments to the order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated December 28, 2020 No. 1195: Order No. 1286: [registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 30, 2022, registration No. 71920]. URL: /normativ.kontur.ru/document?moduleId=1&documentId=479251#h530

2. Energy Networks of Russia. URL: /energoseti.ru/rate/pevek

3. Neftegaz.RU. URL: https://neftegaz.ru/news/energy/625777

4. Mishin G.A., Psareva N.Yu. Prospects for Using Low-Capacity Nuclear Power Plants with Innovative Fuel to Provide Energy Supply to Isolated Regions of Russia. Economy and Entrepreneurship. 2025. No. 3. URL: https://doi.org/10.34925/EIP.2025.176.3.086

5. Advances in Small Modular Reactor Technology Developments. International Atomic Energy Agency. URL: https://aris.iaea.org/publications/smr_booklet_2022.pdf

6. Kindra V., Maksimov I., Zlyvko O. Thermodynamic Analysis and Comparison of Power Cycles for Small Modular Reactors. Energies 2024, No. 17. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/en17071650

7. Fuel Solutions Center «CTS». URL: https://centr-fuel.ru/dizelnoe-toplivo-dlya-dgu

8. OOO «”Transportno-Ekspeditsionnaya Kompaniya” Transoil». URL: https://www.gsmoptom.ru/rus/dostavka-calc/

DOI: 10.33917/mic-4.123.2025.62-69

The method of analytical calculation of the microeconomic criteria of investment efficiency into PWR Small Modular Reactor is presented as depending on the engineering, physical and economic parameters of the reactor. This method is convenient for multi-variant preliminary searches of acceptable criteria for SMR competitiveness. As a prototype SMR reactor is being considered RITM-200N with a period of 6 years of continuous work (before fuel overload) and the use of tolerant fuels, accident-resistant, consisting of metal ceramic composition in a chromium-nickel alloy shell (42XHM). The results of calculations of the relationship between engineering and physical parameters of the reactor, electricity costs and the payback period for investments are given.

References: 

1. The white book of nuclear energy. A closed NFC with fast reactors / Edited by prof. Е.О. Adamov. М.: Publishing house АО «NIKIET», 2020. 502 p.

2. Alekseev P.N. et al. Two-component nuclear power system with thermal and fast reactors in a closed nuclear fuel cycle / Edited by N.N. Ponomarev-Stepnjy. М.: Tekhnosfera, 2016.160 p.

3. Energy, Electricity and Nuclear Power Estimates for the Period up to 2050. 2024 Edition. IAEA-RDS-1/44 ISBN 978-92-0-123424-7. 148 p.

4.  Abramova A.V., Kharitonov V.V. Analytical modeling of scenarios for the sustainable development of global two-component nuclear energy. Part 1. Scenarios with thermal reactors.Atomic energy, 2024;137(3-4)131-137.

5. The Path to a New Era for Nuclear Energy/ International Energy Agency (IEA). 2025. 99 p.

6. Small modular reactors: challenges and opportunities. NEA No. 7560, 2021. 56 p.

7. Advances in Small Modular Reactor Technology Developments. A Supplement to: IAEA Advanced Reactors Information System (ARIS). 2020 Edition. IAEA, September 2020. 354 p.

8. Semenov E. V., Kharitonov V.V. Microeconomics of improving the safety of nuclear power plants based on using of accident tolerant fuel. Microeconomics. 2021;5(100):49-62.

9. Semenov E. V., Kharitonov V.V. Analytical dependence of the burnup on the enrichment of prospective fuel and the parameters of the fuel campaign of reactors. Atomic energy. 2023;135(1-2):77-83.

10. Low nuclear power station: a new direction of energy development. V. 2 / Edited by RAS academician А. А. Sarkisov. М.: Akadem-Print, 2015. 387 p.

11. Dragunov Yu. G. et al. Approaches to development of SMR based on a gas-cooled reactor. Atomic Energy. 2019;126(5):243-248.

12. Kudinov V.V. В. Low-power nuclear power plants in NIKIET. «Small nuclear power industry: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow (Retrospective and Prospects)». NIKIET, ROSATOM, 2022.  https://nsrus.ru/files/ks131022/

13.Smirnova L.S., Korolev S.A. Factor analysis for integrated approach to economic of Small nuclear power plant projects. Atomic energy. 2024;137(1-2):3-14.

14. World Nuclear Association. Small Nuclear Power Reactors. Small Nuclear Power Reactors – World Nuclear Association. URL:  world-nuclear.org

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.122.2025.94-99

The methodological approach to the selection of promising areas for degassing includes both geological and economic factors. To do this, comprehensive studies should be conducted covering both the methane content in coal seams, as well as technical and economic parameters such as profitability and potential production volumes. Effective degassing not only reduces methane levels in the atmosphere, but also becomes a stage of economic development for the region, providing additional sources of income and jobs. This approach could play an important role in the transformation of the coal industry in Russia and beyond.

References: 

1. Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation through 2035: approved by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 9, 2020 No. 1523-r. URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/74148810/

2. Coal Industry Development Program through 2035: approved by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 13, 2020 No. 1582-r. URL: https://minenergo.gov.ru/upload/iblock/

3. Order of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision dated December 8, 2020 No. 507 «On Approval of Federal Norms and Rules in the Field of Industrial Safety Safety Rules in Coal Mines». URL: https://base.garant.ru/75099739/

4. Order of the Federal Service for Environmental, Technological and Nuclear Supervision dated December 28, 2023 No. 498 «On approval of the Safety Guide “Recommendations for degassing of coal mines”». URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/408359195/

5. Kuzina E.S. Formation of the organizational and economic mechanism for degassing highly gas-bearing coal seams: dis. … Cand. Sciences: 08.00.05. Moscow, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), 2018. 141 p.

6. Slastunov S.V. Ensuring methane safety of mines based on deep degassing of coal seams during their preparation in intensive development / S.V. Slastunov, E.P. Yutyaev, E.V. Mazanik, A.P. Sadov, A.V. Ponizov. Coal. 2019;7:42-47.

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.122.2025.86-93

The energy system is a complex multi-dimensional and multi-criteria optimization system, and the energy development levels in different regions and at different stages of development are different. The Development and Reform Commission of China and the Energy Administration in the «Strategy for Energy Production and Revolution (2016–2030)» proposed that China’s inter-regional energy transformation should be based on security and focus on high-quality development, so as to promote the spatial effect of energy development on economic growth. This paper selects data from 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2022, and uses Moran’s index and spatial Durbin’s error model to study the impact and spatial effect of China’s energy industry development on economic growth.

References: 

13. Cao Fei. Spatial Durbin analysis of factors affecting the urbanization rate of provincial population in China. Statistics and Decision. 2017;33(20):102-105. doi:10.13546/j.cnki.tjyjc.2017.20.025