DOI: 10.33917/es-4.202.2025.128-133

The world energy sector is in a phase of transformation. Current processes of reorganizing the world energy sector structure are usually called the fourth energy transition. Traditional concept of the fourth energy transition implies a gradual phaseout of fossil fuels and increasing the share of renewable energy in the global energy balance in order to reduce carbon emissions. The article proposes to revise the number of energy transitions and proposes electric energy as an independent type of fuel to serve as the basis for the current energy transition.

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DOI: 10.33917/es-4.202.2025.122-127

The article offers a critical view on the cost limit problem in the new era’s economic strategy. Analysis of the modern circulation of capital shows that, in addition to cer tain signs of the capital transformation, such as transition to abstract money in the absence of money linking to a universal material equivalent, displacement of physical labour from material production and, as a consequence, a change in the organic structure of capital, which limits final consumption, it becomes necessary to have the institution of a lender of last resor t and to develop a mechanism for refinancing loans. All this results in formation of accelerating capital as a new, more ef ficient form of capital, which is characterized primarily by the possibilit y of expanding supply through welfare growth. The authors illustrate how many times the accelerator capital is more ef fective than the financial capital. From this, they conclude that accelerator capital overcomes the cost limit when capital extracts profit from the growth of a human well-being and welfare of the societ y as a whole.

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