DOI: 10.33917/es-5.203.2025.44-51

The article examines options for recovery of the Russian economy, its civilizational role in relation to continuit y of the advanced thought and Russian society’s traditions, associated with moral purification, freedom and social justice, universally significant spiritual values, ideals of humanism and patriotism, characteristic of Russian economic life. It is proposed to consider consumer-value relations as an alternative paradigm of socio-economic development, which may well meet the requirements of a sovereign route, focusing on spiritual-moral foundations and values. The author notes that consumervalue relations take into account a historic unique character of the national economic system. Proposed methodological approach can serve as a starting point for the national liberation of modern Russia both from the shackles of capitalist orders and from injustice towards a human being.

References:

1. Dementyev V.V., Scherbakov A.P. Profit and Economic Growth. Terra economicus, 2017, vol. 15, no 3, pp. 75–91.

2. Makarova I.V. Sistema prioritetov razvitiya Rossii [The System of Priorities for the Development of Russia]. Nauchno-analiticheskiy zhurnal “Aktual’nye problemy sotsial’no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossii”, 2014, no 1, pp. 57–60.

3. Dubrovskiy A.V. Razmyshleniya o strukturno-tekhnologicheskikh preobrazovaniyakh i liberal’nykh al’ternativakh ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossii [Reflections on Structural and Technological Transformations and Liberal Alternatives for Economic Development in Russia]. Ekonomika ustoychivogo razvitiya, 2020, no 2(42), pp. 82–87.

4. Lenchuk E.B., Filatov V.I. Rossiyskaya ekonomika: poisk effektivnoy strategii [Russian Economy: Search for an Effective Strategy]. Mir novoy ekonomiki, 2018, pp. 6–21.

5. Putin V.V. Zasedanie diskussionnogo kluba “Valday” [Meeting of the Valdai Discussion Club]. Ofitsial’nyy sayt Prezidenta RF, available at: http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/75521

6. Dubrovskiy A.V. Formirovanie sovremennoy paradigmy ustoychivogo ekonomicheskogo razvitiya [Formation of a Modern Paradigm of Sustainable Economic Development]. Ekonomika i predprinimatel’stvo, 2020, no 3(116), pp. 872–877.

7. Shcherbakov V.N., Dubrovskiy A.V. Diskussionnye problemy tsennosti i stoimosti v otsenke ekonomicheskikh effektov [Controversial Issues of Value and Cost in Assessing Economic Effects]. Vestnik Altayskoy akademii ekonomiki i prava, 2024, no 5-2, pp. 353–357.

8. Pososhkov I.T. Kniga o skudosti i bogatstve [A Book about Pover ty and Wealth]. Moscow, Ekonomicheskaya gazeta, 2011, 415 p.

9. Sorokin D.E. O sposobnosti Rossii k sotsial’noekonomicheskim transformatsiyam [On Russia’s Ability to Undergo Socio-economic Transformations]. Ekonomicheskoe vozrozhdenie Rossii, 2019, no 1(59), pp. 23–28.

10. Amzhrdzhanyants F., Sis’kov V., Gubanov S., Ivanova N. Potrebitel’no-stoimostnaya sistema sotsialisticheskogo khozyaystvovaniya i obespecheniya kachestva produktsii [Consumer-cost System of Socialist Management and Quality Assurance of Products]. Moscow, Izd-vo standartov, 1990, 240 p.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.203.2025.52-57

The article examines conceptual foundations and practical aspects of improving institutional mechanisms aimed at strengthening the innovative component of economic growth and creating favourable conditions for a long-term increase of the profit rate in high-tech industries.

References:

1. Marks K. Kapital. Kritika politicheskoy ekonomii. T. 1. Protsess proizvodstva kapitala [Capital. Critique of Political Economy. Vol. 1. The Process of Capital Production]. Translated from German. Moscow, Politizdat, 1960, 784 ps.

2. Smit A. Issledovanie o prirode i prichinakh bogatstva narodov [An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations]. Translated from English. Moscow, Eksmo, 2007, 960 p.

3. Isterli V. V poiskakh rosta: Priklyucheniya i zloklyucheniya ekonomistov v tropikakh [In Search of Growth: The Adventures and Misadventures of Economists in the Tropics]. Translated from English. Moscow, Institut kompleksnykh strategicheskikh issledovaniy, 2006, 360 p.

4. Dement’ev V.V., Shcherbakov A.P. Pribyl’ i ekonomicheskiy rost [Profit and Economic Growth]. Terra Economicus, 2017, vol. 15, no 3, pp. 75–91.

5. Keyns Dzh. M. Obshchaya teoriya zanyatosti, protsenta i deneg [The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money]. Translated from English. Moscow, Gelios ARV, 2011, 352 p.

6. Shumpeter Y.A. Teoriya ekonomicheskogo razvitiya: issledovanie predprinimatel’skoy pribyli, kapitala, kredita, protsenta i tsikla kon”yunktury [Theory of Economic Development: A Study of Entrepreneurial Profit, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle]. Translated from German. Moscow, Progress, 1982, 455 p.

7. Nort D. Instituty, institutsional’nye izmeneniya i funktsionirovanie ekonomiki [Institutions, Institutional Change and the Functioning of the Economy]. Translated from English. Moscow, Fond ekonomicheskoy knigi “Nachala”, 1997, 180 p.

8. Nayt F.Kh. Risk, neopredelennost’ i pribyl’ [Risk, Uncertainty and Reward]. Translated from English. Moscow, Delo, 2003, 360 p.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.203.2025.58-63

The problem of poverty remains one of the most significant in the national and global economies. Today the effectiveness of fighting it is in question, as well as the feasibility of achieving poverty eradication goals. The present study aims to discover whether poverty can be eradicated and, in case of impossibility — to assess the level to which poverty can be reduced. The article proves the impossibility of overcoming poverty not “on paper”, whether it’s absolute, relative or deprivation poverty. In any case, there is always a portion of poor population that, either by their own choice or as a result of destructive or irrational behaviour, doesn’t leave the state of poverty. It is proposed to classify this part of the population as natural poverty. Based on analysis of a number of destructive habits, inherent in individuals unable to escape poverty, it is proved that they possess at least three of the six deviations from socially accepted behaviour studied. The author examines the level of natural poverty in Russia, to this end a method for estimating the level of natural poverty, based on probabilistic approach, is developed. It is revealed that natural poverty in the Russian Federation is declining, especially during periods of crisis, which demonstrates gradual recovery of Russian society.

References:

1. Atkinson A.B. Measuring Poverty around the World. London, Princeton University Press, 2019, 464 p.

2. Belopashentseva P.V. Chto govorit o rossiyskoy bednosti deprivatsionnyy podkhod? [What does the Deprivation Approach Say about Russian Poverty?]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i sotsial’nye peremeny, 2022, no 4, pp. 110–129.

3. Perskaya V.V. Perekhod k mnogopolyarnosti: polya srazheniy ili pozitsionnoe protivostoyanie? [Transition to Multipolarity: Battlefields or Positional Opposition?]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2019, no 1, pp. 62–69.

4. Tsel’ 1: Povsemestnaya likvidatsiya nishchety vo vsekh ee formakh [Goal 1: End Poverty in All its Forms Everywhere]. OON, available at: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ru/poverty/

5. Poverty and Inequity Platform. PIP. The World Bank, available at: https://pip.worldbank.org/home

6. Kashnikova T.V. Fenomen bednosti i ego strukturno-funktsional’nye kharakteristiki [The Phenomenon of Poverty and its Structural and Functional Characteristics]. Gosudarstvennoe i munitsipal’noe upravlenie. Uchenye zapiski, 2021, no 3, pp. 70–74.

7. Rethinking Poverty. Report on the World Social Situation 2010, available at: https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/docs/2010/fullreport.pdf

8. Ravallion M., Chen S. Global poverty measurement when relative income matters. Journal of Public Economics, 2019, no 177, pp. 104046.

9. Hickel J., Dorninger C., Wieland H., Suwandi I. Imperialist appropriation in the world economy: Drain from the global South through unequal exchange, 1990–2015. Global Environmental Change, 2022, no 73, pp. 102467.

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.202.2025.128-133

The world energy sector is in a phase of transformation. Current processes of reorganizing the world energy sector structure are usually called the fourth energy transition. Traditional concept of the fourth energy transition implies a gradual phaseout of fossil fuels and increasing the share of renewable energy in the global energy balance in order to reduce carbon emissions. The article proposes to revise the number of energy transitions and proposes electric energy as an independent type of fuel to serve as the basis for the current energy transition.

References:

1. Makharov A.A., Mitrova T.A., Kulagin V.A. (Eds.) Prognoz razvitiya energetiki mira i Rossii — 2019 [Forecast of Energy Development in the World and Russia 2019: Archived Copy from October 24, 2021]. Wayback Machine. INEI RAN. Moscow, Institute of Energy Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INEI RAN), Moscow School of Management Skolkovo, 2019, 210 p.

2. World Energy Outlook’2024 (IEA). Energy Institute, available at: https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review

3. Il’kovskiy K.K., Il’kovskiy D.K. Solnechnyy svet protiv uglya [Sunlight Against Coal]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2020, no 3, pp. 134–141, DOI: 10.33917/es-3.169.2020.134-141

4. Zubakin V.A., Zhukov P.A. Ekonomicheskaya effektivnost’ elektrostantsiy na vozobnovlyaemykh istochnikakh energii na primere pokazatelya LCOE [Economic Efficiency of Renewable Energy Power Plants Using the LCOE Indicator as an Example]. Santekhnika. Otoplenie. Konditsionirovanie, 2024, no 10(274), pp. 72–75, EDN ENBUPX

5. Stoimost’ proizvodstva elektroenergii iz vozobnovlyaemykh istochnikov v 2024 g. [The Cost of Electricity Production from Renewable Sources in 2024]. RenEn, 2025, 23 iyulya, available at: https://renen.ru/stoimost-proizvodstva-elektroenergii-iz-vozobnovlyaemyh-istochnikov-v-2024-godu

6. 2024 Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy. Energy Institute, available at: https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review

7. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. United Nations, available at: https://www.un.org/en/desa/world-population-projected-reach-98-billion-2050-and-112-billion-2100?ysclid=mdg7abr1rq298500462

DOI: 10.33917/es-4.202.2025.122-127

The article offers a critical view on the cost limit problem in the new era’s economic strategy. Analysis of the modern circulation of capital shows that, in addition to cer tain signs of the capital transformation, such as transition to abstract money in the absence of money linking to a universal material equivalent, displacement of physical labour from material production and, as a consequence, a change in the organic structure of capital, which limits final consumption, it becomes necessary to have the institution of a lender of last resor t and to develop a mechanism for refinancing loans. All this results in formation of accelerating capital as a new, more ef ficient form of capital, which is characterized primarily by the possibilit y of expanding supply through welfare growth. The authors illustrate how many times the accelerator capital is more ef fective than the financial capital. From this, they conclude that accelerator capital overcomes the cost limit when capital extracts profit from the growth of a human well-being and welfare of the societ y as a whole.

References:

1. Shvab K., Vankhem P. Kapitalizm vseobshchego blaga. Novaya model’ ekonomiki [Common Good Capitalism: A New Model of Economy]. Moscow, Bombora, 2022, p. 56.

2. Gruppa Mirovogo banka: Indikatory mirovogo razvitiya [World Bank Group: World Development Indicators]. Vashington, 2023.

3. Marks K. Kapital: Marks K., Engel’s F. Sochineniya [Marx K. Capital: W orks]. 2-e izd., vol. 23. Moscow, GIPL, 1960, p. 136.