Climate, the role of fuels and renewable energy sources

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.104.2022.28-37

In 2021, the cost of building solar panels has risen in price by 50%, and wind power plants (WPP) by 13%. Many experts write about their further significant growth. This is also noted in The Global Risks Report 2022 at the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos in 2022. Thus, the price of polysilicon over the past year has increased by about 3 times, the price of hot-rolled steel has doubled. Steel production is a process with a high share of CO2 emissions. The era of relatively inexpensive renewable energy is over.

In the coming years, the failure of the climate action of the «green transformation», the growth of fuel consumption, energy and economic crises are coming.

References:

1. «The Global Risks Report 2022» // World Economic Forum. Davos. January 2022.

2. Losev A. Saving the climate: Plan B. Kommersant, February 24, 2022.

3. Patrikeyeva K. Discontinuous course. Kommersant, March 10, 2022.

4. Nigmatullin R. How long will «green» gas be relevant. Moskovsky Komsomolets, March 2, 2022. P. 6.

5. Woodpecker T., Smertina P. Business asks for energetic measures. Kommersant, February 24, 2022.

6. Renewable power generation costs in 2019. International Renewable Energy Agency, 2020.

7. Manukov S. The era of cheap renewable energy sources has come to an end. URL: Expert.ru, January 26, 2022.

8. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated March 31, 2022 No. 172 «On a special procedure for the fulfillment by foreign buyers of obligations to Russian suppliers of natural gas». – Access from legal reference system ConsultantPlus.

Decline in Russian gas exports and prices to Europe in 2020 and their forecast until 2030

DOI: 10.33917/mic-1.96.2021.62-71

The article provides research on Russian natural gas drastic decrease in volume and prices in Europe in 2020, specifically Gazprom piped gas. The key factors of such decrease are economic growth slowdown due to pandemic, warm weather and competition with US LNG. At the end of the year, US LNG shifted focus to Asia markets, where the demand and prices for LNG increased. 2030 outlook for natural gas volumes and prices sourced from Russia and US LNG to Europe is given.

On the impact of Nord stream 2 on the EU natural gas market (analytical review)

DOI: 10.33917/mic-3.92.2020.76-81

The article analyses key questions of the impact of Nord Stream 2 on the European markets.

Currently, Nord Stream 2 is one of the key international conflicts, where USA and Poland are project opponents, and Russia and key European countries are project supporters.

In the article [1] it is shown, that Nord Stream-2 launch in 2020 will reduce gas prices for all 28 EU countries by 13% with low global LNG demand and by 32% with high global LNG demand. Significant price reductions will be also received by Nord Stream 2 opponents, such as Poland. LNG imported from USA will be suffering the most.