DOI: 10.33917/es-5.203.2025.58-63

The problem of poverty remains one of the most significant in the national and global economies. Today the effectiveness of fighting it is in question, as well as the feasibility of achieving poverty eradication goals. The present study aims to discover whether poverty can be eradicated and, in case of impossibility — to assess the level to which poverty can be reduced. The article proves the impossibility of overcoming poverty not “on paper”, whether it’s absolute, relative or deprivation poverty. In any case, there is always a portion of poor population that, either by their own choice or as a result of destructive or irrational behaviour, doesn’t leave the state of poverty. It is proposed to classify this part of the population as natural poverty. Based on analysis of a number of destructive habits, inherent in individuals unable to escape poverty, it is proved that they possess at least three of the six deviations from socially accepted behaviour studied. The author examines the level of natural poverty in Russia, to this end a method for estimating the level of natural poverty, based on probabilistic approach, is developed. It is revealed that natural poverty in the Russian Federation is declining, especially during periods of crisis, which demonstrates gradual recovery of Russian society.

References:

1. Atkinson A.B. Measuring Poverty around the World. London, Princeton University Press, 2019, 464 p.

2. Belopashentseva P.V. Chto govorit o rossiyskoy bednosti deprivatsionnyy podkhod? [What does the Deprivation Approach Say about Russian Poverty?]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i sotsial’nye peremeny, 2022, no 4, pp. 110–129.

3. Perskaya V.V. Perekhod k mnogopolyarnosti: polya srazheniy ili pozitsionnoe protivostoyanie? [Transition to Multipolarity: Battlefields or Positional Opposition?]. Ekonomicheskie strategii, 2019, no 1, pp. 62–69.

4. Tsel’ 1: Povsemestnaya likvidatsiya nishchety vo vsekh ee formakh [Goal 1: End Poverty in All its Forms Everywhere]. OON, available at: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ru/poverty/

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DOI: 10.33917/es-1.199.2025.44-49

The purpose of the present study is to identif y the specifics of using the world capital market by developed and developing countries in modern conditions. It has been established that the interests of developed countries consist in shaping a controlled international financial market that will ensure long-term and low-volatility returns on assets without taking into account the interests of other entities in the global capital mark et. The interests of countries with developing economies are reduced to ensuring maximum return on assets in the shor t-term period, since in the long term they cannot compete with developed countries in the global financial mark et. Based on econometric calculations, it was made an assessment of the effects of growing investment returns in developed and developing countries due to the presence of competitive advantages in the global capital market. It is concluded that the global capital market is used by developed and developing countries in different ways — the former seek to ensure preservation of their privileges through exploiting global imbalances, the latter — to gain access to borrowed capital in order to stimulate their own economic development. Disproportions in the use and regulation of the global capital market lead to dependent position of developing economies, which is why they are striving to transform the global financial architecture to protect their own national interests.

References:

1. Vinokurov E.Yu., Grichik M.V. Novaya kontseptsiya mezhdunarodnykh rezervov: bezopasnost’, diversifikatsiya, neortodoksal’nye podkhody [New Concept of International Reserves: Security, Diversification, Unorthodox Approaches]. Voprosy ekonomiki, 2022, no 12, pp. 24–43.

2. Voskanyan M.A., Khurshudyan S.E. Kontsentratsiya kapitala v global’noy ekonomike kak faktor neravnomernogo raspredeleniya dokhodov [Concentration of Capital in the Global Economy as a Factor in Unequal Income Distribution]. Sovremennaya mirovaya ekonomika, 2023, vol. 1, no 2(2).

3. Golovnin M.Yu., Nikitina S.A. Sovremennye tendentsii dinamiki mezhdunarodnykh potokov kapitala [Current Trends in the Dynamics of International Capital Flows]. Mir novoy ekonomiki, 2018, no 12(4), pp. 46–56.

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8. Nesterov I.O. Rezervnye valyuty — istochnik nestabil’nosti mirovoy valyutnoy sistemy? [Reserve Currencies — a Source of Instability in the Global Monetary System?]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. Ekonomika, 2012, no 4, pp. 115–123.

DOI: 10.33917/es-5.197.2024.32-37

International scientific and technological cooperation is a dynamic and innovative form of international economic cooperation. It involves the exchange of knowledge, technologies, and expertise between countries. However, it is often perceived as a static process, with little understanding of its dynamics. The aim of this study is to investigate the key stages of international scientific cooperation and propose a strategy for its future development. Three stages have been identified since the 1990s: the initial stage of development, the separation of developed and developing countries’ cooperation, and the current stage of technological confrontation. The study demonstrates that international scientific and technical collaboration is directly linked to globalization processes and follows their dynamics. Based on this understanding, a forecast for the future shape of international scientific collaboration is made. Scientific and technical ties will form around the core of globalization, with each core having a distinct technological focus.

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2. Li S., Alon I. China’s intellectual property rights provocation: A political economy view. Journal of International Business Policy, 2020, no 3, pp. 60–72.

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5. Izvestnye initsiativy po sotrudnichestvu Yug — Yug i trekhstoronnemu sotrudnichestvu [Notable South-South and Triangular Cooperation Initiatives]. URL: https:// www.wipo.int/cooperation/ru/south_south/cooperation_initiatives.htmlhttp://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:487470/FULLTEXT01.pdf

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8. Danilin I.V. Amerikano-kitayskaya tekhnologicheskaya voyna: riski i vozmozhnosti dlya KNR i global’nogo tekhnologicheskogo sektora [US-China Tech War: Risks and Opportunities for China and the Global Tech Sector]. Sravnitel’naya politika, 2020, vol. 11, no 4, pp. 160–176.

9. Executive Order 14083 of September 15, 2022 Ensuring Robust Consideration of Evolving National Security Risks by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States. Federal Register, 2022, vol. 87, no 181, pp. 57369–57374.

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